With the progress towards open science, scientific communication is facing a new wave of innovations towards more openness and speed of research publication which will deeply affect the way the peer review function is carried out and the overall role of journals in assuring quality and adding value to manuscripts. Several initiatives are promoting the generalized adoption of open access preprints as a formal beginning stage of research publication, which has been common since the 90’s in the physics community. And, in the last decade, new ways to carry out the evaluation of manuscripts have emerged either to replace or to improve the traditional methods, which are widely criticized as being slow and expensive in addition to lacking transparency. Quality nonprofit journals from emerging and developing countries have succeeded to follow the main innovations brought by the Internet. In addition to the technicalities of the digital publishing, there is a wide adoption of Open Access in the international flow of scientific information. The new wave of innovations that affect the peer review function and the changing role of journals pose new challenges to the emerging and developing countries in regard of scientific publishing. The adoption of these innovations is essential for progress of SciELO as a leading open access program to enhance scientific communication. The scope of this workshop aims at an in-depth analysis and discussion of the state of art and main trends of the peer review function, the modalities of carrying it out as well as of the increasing adoption of mechanisms to speed publication such as preprints and how they affect and potentially renew the role of journals. These recommendations will guide SciELO policies on manuscript evaluation and on the adoption of preprint publications.

1. Journal of Microbes and Their Vectors causing Human Infections
Adeilton Brandão
co-editor
Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz
abran@ioc.fiocruz.br
Scielo 20 years
SciELO Network Meeting
September 24, 2018
Open? Closed? Peer Review...?

2. Journal of Microbes and Their Vectors causing Human Infections
1)
The gatekeeper role of editors has been a consequence of the
communications technology
availabe in the second half of the 20th century.
2)
This role does not stand up to the standards of the 21st century
technology: researchers have gained autonomy to create their own
pathway to disseminate research results.
But they still haven’ t noticed it...
Disclaimer:
Personal view only. These statements need evidence...!!!
Open? Closed? Peer Review...?

3. i. long cycle...
ii. not open...
iii. not free to use.
iv. has high cost..
v. cannot be updated...
vi. does not estimulate open criticism
vii. does not allow corrections
viii. is not transparent..
ix. no interaction...
Choice?
i. imediate...
ii. open access...
iii. free to use...
iv. low cost...
v. update
vi. open to criticism...
vii. real time corrections
viii. transparency..
ix. interaction...
CLOSEDCLOSED OPENOPEN
STATIC DYNAMIC
20th century 21st century
current sci pub preprint...
Journal of Microbes and Their Vectors causing Human Infections

4. Journal of Microbes and Their Vectors causing Human Infections
A subject matter within (or beyond) the scope of...
Academic culture...
National R&D organization...
Incentives to individual researcher...
A hint from the fast track publication at Memorias...
Open? Closed? Peer Review...?

5. Journal of Microbes and Their Vectors causing Human Infections
Open? Closed? Peer Review...?

6. Journal of Microbes and Their Vectors causing Human Infections
Open? Closed? Peer Review...?

7. Journal of Microbes and Their Vectors causing Human Infections
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, FAST TRACK
REJECTED
The Untranslated Regions (UTR) in T. cruzi mRNA
Adeilton Brandão
Lab. Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Medicas
Instituto Oswaldo Cruz- Fiocruz
Rio de Janeiro - Brazil
DOI: 10.1590/0074-0286532411
Open? Closed? Peer Review...?

8. Journal of Microbes and Their Vectors causing Human Infections
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, FAST TRACK
REJECTED
The Untranslated Regions (UTR) in T. cruzi mRNA
Adeilton Brandão
Lab. Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Medicas
Instituto Oswaldo Cruz- Fiocruz
Rio de Janeiro - Brazil
DOI: 10.1590/0074-0286532411
X
Authors have asked us to remove the "rejected" manuscript from
Memorias page...
Open? Closed? Peer Review...?

9. Journal of Microbes and Their Vectors causing Human Infections
Open? Closed? Peer Review...?

10. Journal of Microbes and Their Vectors causing Human Infections
Open? Closed? Peer Review...?

11. Journal of Microbes and Their Vectors causing Human Infections
REJECTED
"...these days a researcher remains without publishing an
article only if he/she does not want to"...
Hoomam Momen
Former editor of Memorias do IOC and Bulletin of the WHO
There are journals for every kind of articles: the good ones, the not so good ones,
the bad ones...
The purpose of reviewing scientific articles...
Open? Closed? Peer Review...?

12. Journal of Microbes and Their Vectors causing Human Infections
...reviewing scientific articles...
What is this for?
REJECTED
Open? Closed? Peer Review...?

13. Journal of Microbes and Their Vectors causing Human Infections
350 years of scientific publishing...
1665
(1) Baldwin, M. Credibility, peer review, and Nature, 1945–1990. Notes and Records. (2015) 69, 337–352 doi:10.1098/rsnr.2015.0029
(2) Krefting E., Nøding A., Ringvej, M - ed(s). Eighteenth-Century Periodicals as Agents of Change: Perspectives on Northern
Enlightenment. - BRILL, 2015
(3) Science as an open enterprise - The Royal Society Science Policy Centre report 02/12
ISBN: 978-0-85403-962-3, © The Royal Society, 2012
Henry Oldenburg
The First Editor
Phil. Trans. Royal Society
"...he needed to consult experts to
judge the quality of manuscripts ..."
(1)
"...letters were much better suited to the quick
communication of facts or new
discoveries."
(3)

14. Journal of Microbes and Their Vectors causing Human Infections
Editor
AuthorsAuthors
Reviewers
Reviewers Reviewers
Readers Readers
publisher
"pay wall"
publisher
"pay wall"
publisher
"pay wall"
publisher
"pay wall"
Status quo...

15. Journal of Microbes and Their Vectors causing Human Infections
There is no such a thing as the certifying body for
the quality of published scientific results!
The set Editor/Peer reviewer/Publisher is a proxy…
There should be...?
The scientific community should determine it...
Peer review = Quality in the Sciences?

16. Journal of Microbes and Their Vectors causing Human Infections
Distinct Perspective...
Author:
1) immediacy, visibility, priority, prestige...
Reader:
2) free access, relevance, sharing...
editor/publisher(journal):
3) to provide 1 and 2(?) with quality...
funding agency:
4) strategy to get 1, 2, 3 ...
Peer review = Quality in the Sciences?

17. Journal of Microbes and Their Vectors causing Human Infections
Possible Future?

18. Journal of Microbes and Their Vectors causing Human Infections
Ready to Go?

19. Journal of Microbes and Their Vectors causing Human Infections
A scenario...

20. Journal of Microbes and Their Vectors causing Human Infections
A scenario...

21. Journal of Microbes and Their Vectors causing Human Infections
A scenario...

22. Journal of Microbes and Their Vectors causing Human Infections
A scenario...

23. Journal of Microbes and Their Vectors causing Human Infections
The "set" editor/peer reviewer/publisher, i.e., the Journals,
cease to be “ the certifying body proxy” of the published science.
Probably:
Providers of " complementary publishing service"
Consequence
Researchers take the full control of their intelectual output
(both the generators and conveyors of scientific information)
Paradigm
pre-print, institutional repository
Possible Future, in summary...

24. Journal of Microbes and Their Vectors causing Human Infections
Editor
AuthorsAuthors
Reviewers
Reviewers Reviewers
Readers Readers
publisher
"pay wall"
publisher
"pay wall"
publisher
"pay wall"
publisher
"pay wall"
Status quo...

25. Journal of Microbes and Their Vectors causing Human Infections
authors decide: if, how, when, where...
Authors
Reviewers
Readers
Authors
Reviewers
Readers
Authors
Reviewers
Readers
Authors
Reviewers
Readers
Authors
Reviewers
Readers
Authors
Reviewers
Readers
Authors
Reviewers
Readers
Authors
Reviewers
Readers
Authors
Reviewers
Readers
providers
publishing
service
Authors
Reviewers
Readers
Authors
Reviewers
Readers
Authors
Reviewers
Readers
Authors
Reviewers
Readers
Authors
Reviewers
Readers
Authors
Reviewers
Readers
Authors
Reviewers
Readers
Authors
Reviewers
Readers
providers
publishing
service
providers
publishing
service
providers
publishing
service
pre-print, open, collaborative review, decentralizaded, iterative...
providers
publishing
service