This Presentation will help you to understand the Importance,Basic information,production technology of Vigna mungo,Mash bean. It will also help you get more yield and how to grow Vigna mungo(Mash bean) crop.

1. Production Technology of Vigna
mungo, Urd bean, mash bean

2. Botanical description:
• Common Names:
Urd bean, mash bean
• Botanical Name:
Vigna mungo
• Family Name
Leguminoseae

4. History And Origin
• It is cultivated in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh,
Myanmar and Sri Lanka.
• India has been universally accepted as the
original home of this crop.
• Green gram spread to many countries but
the black gram has remained more or less
confined to South Asia.

5. Economic Importance
• Pulses are the most important source of
vegetable protein in Pakistan.
• Their use ranges from baby food to food of
the rich and the poor.
• The black gram is cultivated on 5% of the
total pulses area and contributes 5% to the
total pulses production.

6. Economic Importance
• It is also used as green manure crop.
• Husk and split beans are useful as livestock
feed.
• The combination of dal-chawal or dal-roti is
an important ingredient in the average
Pakistani diet.

7. Economic Importance
• It is mainly consumed as daal or split seeds.
• It possesses deep root system, which binds
soil particles and prevents erosion.
• It also plays an important role in sustaining
soil fertility by improving soil physical
properties and fixing atmospheric nitrogen.

8. Soil And Climate
• Black gram is cultivated as rain-fed crop in
cool hills and warm plains.
• Heavy soils or at least those that are stiff
loamy and water retentive are the best type
of soils for this plant.
• Medium fertile soils best for mash
cultivation.

9. Soil And Climate
• It is sensitive to cloudy weather and cannot
tolerate frost.
• The optimum temperature for better growth
ranges between 25 to 35 C but it can tolerate
up to 42 C.

10. Soil And Climate
• It can be grown in an area having annual rainfall
of 250-1570mm.
• As tropical crop blackgram tolerates high
temperature. It is cultivated both in kharif and
summer seasons.
• Ideal soils are well drained loam or sandy loam.

11. Season
• It is grown as kharif and summer crop in most
of the areas but it is also being grown as rabi
crop in a fewer areas
• sowing also entails doing it every early spring
or February or June to July or the rainy
season or October to November or autumn.
•

12. Season
• Optimum pH range is 5.5–7.5.
• It is generally grown in areas which receive
annual rainfall of 800 mm.

13. Cultural Practices
• Field Preparation and Sowing:
One or two deep cultivations, 2-3 harrowing
and single planking would give better
seedbed for blackgram. In rain fall areas is
necessary to conserve moisture and breaks
clods.

14. Cultural Practices
• Field Preparation and Sowing:
The black gram can be sown dry within
furrows between the rows of the other
crop, which is then followed by water
irrigation.

15. Cultural Practices
• Planting time:
In Punjab : Mid June-End of July
In Sindh: Early June-Early July
Early planting in first week of July result in
higher yield and any delay in sowing beyond
this date causes reduction in yield.
.

16. Cultural Practices
• Planting time:
In northern parts of the county, where the
temperatures during winter are quite low,
it is cultivated only during the rainy season.
i.e. from middle of June to middle of July.

17. Cultural Practices
• Seed Rate:
In blackgram a seed rate of 12-15
kg/ha for kharif sowing and about 20-25
kg/ha for summer sowing would be
optimum. If pulses are raised in intercropping
systems the seed rate depends on the
proportion of area available for them.

18. Cultural Practices
• Spacing:
In balckgram, a row to row spacing of
25-30 cm and plant to plant spacing of 5-10
cm has been found to be optimum for
summer crop. A wider spacing of 30-45 cm
between rows and 5-10 cm within rows is
optimum for kharif crop. optimum spacing is
30 x 10 cm.
•

19. Cultural Practices
• Plant Population
Plant population in a hectare
250,000-300,000 Plants/ha

20. Water and Irrigation
• The time and number of irrigation depends on
the soil moisture conditions and duration of
the variety.
• In areas of high rainfall it is cultivated
successfully without irrigation.
• In low rainfall areas crop should be irrigated
2-3 times first at soaking second at flowering
third at pod initation.

21. Water and Irrigation
• Pod-filling stage is the most important
critical stage in terms of moisture stress.
• Three irrigations gave higher seed yield
than one or two irrigation. If 2 irrigations
are available, then it should be applied at
branching and at flowering.

23. Weed Management
• Before sowing, one deep plough helps
greatly to control weeds.
• The first 4-5 weeks after sowing is critical
for crop weed competition i.e. 30 days after
sowing.

24. Weed Management
• One hand weeding is necessary for healthy
crop growth.
• Good seedbed preparation, one or two
manual weeding within days after sowing
may effectively control the weeds

25. Fertilizer application:
• Being a leguminous crop, fixes atmospheric
nitrogen to meet the Nitrogen requirement.
• Application of 12.5 kg N + 25 kg P2O5/ha for
rainfed crop and 25.0 kg N+ 50 kg P2O5/ha for
irrigated crop as basally before sowing is
recommended.

26. Harvesting Threshing and Storage
• Harvesting of mash should be started when
90% pods have reached maturity.
• Before threshing the pods should be dried in
sun or air.
• After threshing the grains should be Sun dried
in order to reduces moisture level up to 10%.

28. Diseases of Black Gram
• Blackgram is infested by a number of diseases
but Leaf Crinkle, Leaf Blight, Powdery Mildew
and rust are widespread.

30. Insect Pests
• Blackgram suffers from a number of insect
pests of which Gram pod borer, hairy
caterpillar are important.