Bipolar disorder is a serious mental illness characterized by alternating periods of mania and depression that cause extreme shifts in mood and behavior. During manic episodes, people experience overly high self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, hyperactivity, distractibility, and risky behavior. Depressive episodes involve persistent sadness, loss of interest, changes in appetite and sleep, and thoughts of death. Episodes can be manic, depressive, or mixed. Medication is commonly used to control symptoms.
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