Effects of Porn Use

Effects of Porn Use
Mary Anne Layden, Ph D
Director
Sexual Trauma and Psychopathology Program
Center for Cognitive Therapy
Department of Psychiatry
University of Pennsylvania
layden@mail.med.upenn.edu

Pornified
The Society
has become
Pornified

Pornified
Sex is a product
The body is a commodity

Pornified
If it is a product,
You can sell it
You can steal it

Selling it is
Sexual Exploitation Industry
Stealing it is
Sexual Violence

Pornified
Sexual Exploitation Industry
And
Sexual Violence
are a
Seamless
Interconnected
Continuum

Pornified
Pornography
is
visual invasion
for money

Pornified
Strip clubs
are
live visual invasion
for money

Pornified
Prostitution
is
live visual and physical invasion
for money

Pornified
Rape
is
by force/without consent

Pornified
Child rape
is
of a child

Pornified
Sex Trafficking
is
for money

Pornified
Seamless
Interconnected
Continuum

What’s causing these
problem?

Learning
• Pictures are compact carriers of meaning.
• Learning is deeper if we are rewarded for
behavior. The orgasm is very rewarding.
• Learning is deeper if we have role models who
are rewarded for behaviors.

Learning
• Learning is deeper in the presence of arousal.
• Antisocial behaviors are learned and
expressed more if we are anonymous.

Learning
Pictures
Rewards
Role models
Aroused
Anonymous

Learning
Pornography
Especially
Internet Pornography
Is the
Perfect Learning Environment

Learning
Except that everything
it teaches you is a lie

Learning
Psychologist’s call
Internet Pornography
the new
Crack Cocaine

Permission-Giving Beliefs
• Pornography produces Permission-Giving
Beliefs
• Permission-Giving Beliefs are beliefs that say
what I am doing is normal, doesn’t hurt
anyone, and everyone is doing it, etc.
• Therefore, I don’t need to change my
behavior.
• Those who have a problem with my behavior
are wrong, crazy, prudish.

Permission-Giving Beliefs
Examples
• All people want sex with all people all the
time.
• Women enjoy being raped
• Women enjoy degrading sex
• Children enjoy sex with adults

Mis-education about Sex
• Sex is not about intimacy, caring, love or
respect
• Sex is not about marriage or having children
• Sex is recreation.
• You don’t need to know your partner.
• Sex with strangers is the best and most
intense kind of sex

• Sex is adversarial
• Pornography is a one-way street with focus
only on one's own pleasure. There is no need
to consider the others needs or feelings.
• Women’s bodies are just sexual entertainment
for men.

• Internet Pornography tends to be designer
sex. You keep clicking until you find the
idealized image or the preferred image of the
moment. Expecting perfect and arrangable
(“clickable”) body types is unrealistic and leads
to dissatisfaction in real relationships.

• Pornography includes performers who never
say no and never reject sexual advances.
• This can
– Increase unrealistic expectations about others
– Entitlement to have sex
– Increase frustration with others who do say no
– reduce the awareness and skill of noticing the
unwillingness of partners

What are the effects of
this teaching?

What pornified men think
• That women enjoy rape
• That she “got what she wanted” when she was
raped
• That women make false accusations of rape
• More acceptance of the rape myth
• That rapists deserve less time in prison

Male Subjects
Recommendation for Rape
Months of Incarceration
(3 weeks after exposure to pornography)
94
78
50
0
20
40
60
80
100
Male Incarceration
Recommendation for Rape (in
months)
None
Half
Massive

• They have an adversarial view of sex
• They have more sexually callous beliefs

Male Subjects
Sexual Callousness toward Women
10.5
15.6
23.8
0
5
10
15
20
25
Sexual Callousness toward
Women
None
Half
Massive

They have increased estimates of how often
others:
• group sex
• sex with animals
• sex with violence

Projections of Others Sexual Behaviors
(percent; 3 weeks after exposure to pornography)
10.9
18.2
30.2
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Group Sex
None
Half
Massive

6.6
7.9
12
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Bestiality
None
Half
Massive

7.4
8.4
14.8
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Sadomasochism
None
Half
Massive

• They are more accepting of violence against
women
• They use more sexual terms to describe
women
• They see women as sex objects
• They have reduced support for the women’s
liberation movement

Male Subjects
Support for the Female Liberation Movement
71
48
25
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Male Support for the Female
Liberation Movement
None
Half
Massive

• They rate their partners as less attractive
• They are less satisfied with their partner’s
sexual performance

• They have a greater desire for sex without
emotional involvement
• They have a greater acceptance of sex outside
of marriage for married individuals
• They have a greater acceptance of sex before
marriage
• They are less child centered during marriage
• They are less desiring of female children

• They are more willing to have sex with 13-14
year olds
• They are more sexually attracted to children
• They are less likely to think pornography
needs to be restricted from children

Evaluation of Pornography and Recommendation for Accessibility
83.5
53.6
36.8
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Need to restrict from minors
None
Half
Massive

(Percent; 3 weeks after exposure to pornography)
75.2
42.9
26.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Offensive
None
Half
Massive

70.1
47.3
28.9
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Pornographic
None
Half
Massive

The increasing use of pornography is
related to higher psychopath scores

How pornified men behave
Sexual dysfunction
• Erectile dysfunction
• Premature ejaculation
• Retarded ejaculation
• 58% of male pornography users (average age 25)
had erectile dysfunction with women but not
with pornography.

• They have more sex partners
• They are less interested in actual sex with
their partners
• They try to get their partners to act out scenes
from pornographic films

• They have affairs if they are married
• They go to prostitutes

In 19-21 year-old males almost 25% said that
they had either gone to a prostitute already or
planned to in the future.

The more pornography they used the more they
were willing to engage in unusual sex practices
such as sadomasochism, if they thought they
would not get caught

Men who go to strip clubs are more likely
to engage in non-consensual sex than
those who do not go to strip clubs

• engage in behavioral aggression
• sexually abuse partners whom they have
battered

• They use violent sexual fantasies to get
themselves aroused
• They are more likely to sexually harass women

• They engage in date rape
• They engage in stranger rape
• They engage in marital rape

• They verbally coerce sex
• They physically coerce sex
• They use drugs and alcohol to coerce sex

• The earlier male children are exposed to
pornography, the more likely they are to
engage in non-consensual sex as young adults.

• Men who have been convicted of using child
pornography later admitted that they sexually
abused children as well.

The diagnosis of Pedophilia is more often found
in child pornography users than in child
rapists.

The factors that have been identified that are
connected to sexual violence:
• Hostility toward women
• Sex is a casual, non-intimate, recreational,
adversarial behavior
• Use of pornography

• 1 in 8 women are raped
• 25% of college females experience a rape or
attempted rape
• 50% of women will be sexually harassed at some
point in their life
• By the time a female is 18 years old, 38% have
been sexually molested

Pornified Women
Women who were exposed to pornography as
children are
• More likely to accept the rape myth.
• More likely to have sexual fantasies
that involve rape.

Pornified Women
Women exposed to pornography:
• Think rapists deserve less time in prison

Female Subjects
Months of Incarceration
144
101
77
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Female Incarceration
(in months)
None
Half
Massive

Pornified Women
Women exposed to pornography:
• Have reduced support for the women’s
liberation movement

Female Subjects
Support for the Female Liberation Movement
82
59
52
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Female Support for the
Female Liberation Movement
None
Half
Massive

Pornified Women
• They were more negative about their body
• They believe that their partners are more
critical of the women’s bodies
• They had less sex

Pornified Women
The more pornography young adult females use
the more likely they are to be victims of non-
consensual sex.

Pornified Kids
Minors (<18) exposed to sexualized media (both pornography
and sexualized TV) are more likely to:
• Have engaged in oral sex
• Have engaged in anal sex
• Have engaged in sexual intercourse

Pornified Kids
• Have earlier initiation of sex
• Have more sex partners
• Have had more than one sexual partner in the last 3
months
• Have sex more frequently

Pornified Kids
• Have more negative attitudes toward using condoms
• Have not used contraception during the last
intercourse
• Have not used contraception in the past 6 months

Pornified Kids
• Have a strong desire to conceive
• To become pregnant

Pornified Kids
• Test positive for Chlamydia
• Have used alcohol or other substances at last sexual
encounter
• Have higher sexual permissiveness scores
• Have less progressive gender role attitudes

Pornified Kids
• More likely to engage in sexual harassment
• More likely to engage in more non-consensual
sex

Pornified Performers
Is this an “industry”?
Is this a “job”?

Abuse of Strippers by Customers
• 91% Verbally abused
• 52% Called cunt
• 61% Called whore
• 85% Called bitch
• 88% Arm grabbed
• 73% Breast grabbed
• 91% Buttocks grabbed

• 27% Hair pulled
• 58% Pinched
• 24% Slapped
• 36% Bitten
• 76% Customers flicked cigarettes, ice,
coins
• 70% Customers followed them home
• 42% Customers stalked them

Abuse of Strippers by Managers/Staff
• 85% Verbally or physically abused
• 21% Called cunt
• 18% Called slut
• 33% Called bitch
• 12% Pinched
• 12% Slapped

Women who work in the sexual
exploitation industry have about a 25%
chance of making a marriage that lasts as
long as 3 years.

Prostitution

Prostituted Females
Have been or currently are
homeless
84%

Prostituted Females
Sexually abused as a child
55%-90%

Prostituted Females
Prostituted women who are
physically assaulted
70-95%
Physically assaulted by a
customer
55%

Prostituted Females
Prostituted women who
received head injuries
77%

Prostituted Females
Threatened with a weapon
64%

Prostituted Females
Prostituted women who die
from murder
29%-100%
Death rate is 40 X’s higher than
the general population

Prostituted Females
Drug abuse problems
75%
Alcohol abuse
27%
Duration
3 months to 30 years

Prostituted Females
Raped
73%-85%
Raped more than 5 times
48%

Prostituted Females
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
68%
Want to commit suicide
5%

Strippers Prostitutes
Sexual abuse 65% 55%
Multiple personality disorder 35% 5 %
Borderline Personality Disorder 55% 11%
Depression 60% 60%
Substance abuse 40% 80%

Prostituted Females
Wish to leave prostitution
87%

Prostituted Females
The average age
for entry into prostitution is
13.

Why do they do it?
Permission-Giving
Beliefs

Why do they do it?
Permission-giving beliefs
•Sex is a right (Sexual entitlement)
•Sex is a need (Myth of need)
•My pleasure is more important than someone
else’s pain (Sexual narcissism)
•Male sexuality is so powerful that you can’t control
it (Myth of male sexuality)
•The sexual exploitation industry doesn’t cause any
problems (Denial)

Why do they do it?
I have a right to meet my “needs” in the most
pleasurable way possible even if it hurts
someone else but it doesn’t hurt anyone

Why do they do it?
Brain Imaging Studies
Pornography Use
• Teen brain
• Cocaine brain
• Less gray matter
• Less brain sensitivity to sexual stimuli
• Less connectivity

Why do they do it?
Brain arousal
(amygdala)
Shuts down
the executive/rational brain
(prefrontal cortex)

Why do they do it?
Blocking of the disgust response

De-pornified
Many types of solutions
• Solutions that fix the problems
• Solutions that prevent the problems
• Solutions that target victims
• Solutions that target perpetrators
• Solutions for yourself
• Solutions for the society

De-pornified
The solutions you pick send a message
Be careful of the message you are sending
or believing

De-pornified
Encourage the FCC
to enforce the decency laws
(First enforcement in 8 years
happened on 3/23/2015)

De-pornified
Encourage the Department of
Justice to enforce the laws
against obscenity.
Re-establish the obscenity
prosecution team

De-pornified
When you legalize behavior
or when you do not enforce a law,
you send the message that
the behavior is ok and
doesn’t hurt anybody
so go ahead and do it

De-pornified
Pornography laws in Australia and rape
Increase in rape
South Australia 284%
liberal laws on pornography.
Queensland 23%
conservative laws on pornography.

De-pornified
Hawaii laws on pornography
State laws became less restrictive, then more
restrictive, then less restrictive.
The rape rate went up, then went down, then
went up again.

De-pornified
• Oklahoma City closed 150 SOB’s in the county
26% drop in rape
• Tulsa closed no SOB’S in the county
0% drop in rape

De-pornified
Bad “Solutions”
Netherlands
1996 4000 prostituted children
2001 15,000 prostituted children
(5000 trafficked in from Nigeria)
80% of women are trafficked
Legalized prostitution

De-pornified
Bad “Solutions”
Germany
1996 60,000-200,000 Prostituted women
2004 400,000 Prostituted women
90% from foreign countries
Legalized prostitution

De-pornified
Sweden
1999 2500 prostituted women
(650 on the street)
2002 1500 prostituted women
2008 300 prostituted women on the street
300 prostituted women on the
Internet
Criminalized the purchase of sex

De-pornified
Sweden
1996 13.6% of men said they had bought sex
2008 8% of men said they had bought sex
70% had a positive view of the ban
(greatest among young people)

De-pornified
Sweden
Approximately 60% of buyers reported a feeling
of guilt or shame after buying sex

De-pornified
In the US, arresting men who prostituted
women reduced the likelihood of future
prostituting arrests by
70%

De-pornified
What would deter men from buying sex
• Being added to the sex offender registry 89%
• Having your picture and/or name on a billboard 86%
• Having your picture and/or name in the local newspaper 84%
• Having to spend time in jail 79%
• Having your picture and/or name posted on the Internet 78%
• A letter being sent to your family saying you were arrested 77%
• Greater criminal penalties 72%
• Having your car impounded 70%

De-pornified
Media
• Do interviews
• Thank reporters who do good articles
• Email concerns to reporters who give mis-
information
• Send information to reporters

De-pornified
Focus on self interest first
• Erectile dysfunction

De-pornified
Don’t make your vote invisible
Increase the realization of how many groups are
protesting.
If the target (reporter, Senator, business, etc) has
already heard the “moral argument”, talk
about crime. If they have already heard the
“legal argument”, talk about social problems.

De-pornified
Change your language
• Sexual Exploitation Industry: Making money
by hurting women and men and children
• Women are prostituted; not prostitutes

De-pornified
Golden rule
Would you want your wife, your daughter, your
sister, your mother to be a part of the sexual
exploitation industry?
You want someone else’s wife, someone else’s
daughter, someone else’s sister, someone
else’s mother to do that.

Challenge the
Pornography
of Everyday Life

De-pornified
Put your money
where your heart is

De-pornified
Don’t only focus on the worst offenders
(i.e., pornography companies)
Don’t ignore the “lighter” end
(i.e., Victoria’s Secret)
People assume when you are targeting a certain level
of a problem that anything “less bad” than that is ok.
If you only target the impact on children, then they
assume that it doesn’t hurt adults.

De-pornified
Examples
• AT & T, Verizon
• Comcast, Direct TV, Dish Network
• Backpage.com
• Hooters Restaurant
• Victoria’s Secret Catalog and Stores
• Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue
• Dirty Dozen List

De-pornified
Personal Solutions

De-pornified
• Therapy
• Bystander intervention programs
• Empathy training programs

De-pornified
• Filtering software
• Accountability software
• Online programs

De-pornified
Ask young people
What kind of partner do you want have?
What kind of partner do you want to be?

Father’s Advice
Don't Follow Your Peers
If your friends try to talk you into coming along
with them to a strip club, please say NO. These
places only serve to objectify women. The men
who frequent those places consider women as
property and not individuals with needs and
feelings. Also, it may seem funny when your
friends talk about "banging" women as if they're
a piece of meat, but I assure you it's anything but
funny. Capturing a woman's heart is a valuable
and appreciated skill; treating her like a
"conquest" is an immature fantasy.

Father’s Advice
Beware Of What You Allow Into Your Eyes And
Mind
Men are visual creatures, and nothing arouses
men more than pornography. Some might say it's
harmless, but the truth is, the more you watch or
read porn, the more you'll be desensitized to the
actual physical experience of making love. It will
blind you to the real wonders of a woman's body.
Nothing on this earth is more amazing then the
real touch of a woman who loves you and wants
you.

Father’s Advice
Don't Accept A Cheap Thrill
One-night-stands may seem exciting in the
moment, but you're usually left with a ton of
regret in the morning. You'll be tempted to sleep
with as many women as you can because you'll
want to "prove" something about yourself.
There's nothing to prove. Although your friends
and the media will disagree with me, it's more of
an achievement to sleep with one woman a
thousand ways than to sleep with a thousand
women

Father’s Advice
Make Love, Not Sex
Nothing really compares to the mind-blowing
experience of making love with the one
special woman you deeply care about. When
you are fully present physically and
emotionally, that's making love. Sex is just a
physical experience. Having sex may feel good,
but making love is heaven on earth. Take time
to nurture a relationship. Be friends first and
foremost. It will be so worth it.

National Center on Sexual
Exploitation
http://endsexualexploitation.org/
www.PornHarms.org

Pornography
threatens the loss of love
in a world where only
love brings happiness
Roger Scruton

Let us see
what love can do
William Penn

Effects of Porn Use

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