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The United Kingdom,[object Object], Group 7,[object Object],Carmen,[object Object], Maggie,[object Object], Vivian,[object Object], Kathy,[object Object]
The Introduction,[object Object],made up of Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales) and Northern Ireland ,[object Object],one of the 27 member states of the European Union (EU),[object Object],Capital cities,[object Object],London – England ,[object Object],Edinburgh – Scotland ,[object Object],Cardiff – Wales ,[object Object],Belfast – Northern Ireland,[object Object]
Geography of Britain,[object Object],Small ,[object Object],Island state,[object Object],Area,[object Object],Land and water: 152,033        square miles,[object Object],Population,[object Object],approximately 60.6 million England 50,714,000,[object Object],    Wales 2,977,000 ,[object Object],    Scotland 5,108,000 ,[object Object],    Northern Ireland 1,733,000,[object Object]
Influence on UK’s Hospitality Culture,[object Object],Location of hotels,[object Object],population - relatively constant,[object Object],     trend to live in the south of England,[object Object], large part of the hospitality industry is ,[object Object], geographically concentrated in London,  ,[object Object],  Southeast England,[object Object]
Languages,[object Object],two official languages ,[object Object],    - English ,[object Object],    - Welsh,[object Object],English -most widely spoken ,[object Object],Scottish Gaelic -spoken in some parts of Scotland,[object Object]
Currency,[object Object],Pound sterling,[object Object],The sign for the Great British Pound (GBP) is £.,[object Object]
Differences among the four countries ,[object Object],Each has its own flag, culture, writers, artists and sports team,[object Object],Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have their own regional political parties,[object Object],Scotland and Northern Ireland have legal and educational systems that are separated from those used in England and Wales,[object Object],Wales is officially bilingual,[object Object]
Mixed Race Society,[object Object],majority of population - English, Scottish, Welsh and Irish,[object Object],extremely diverse nation ,[object Object],invaded by Romans ,Saxons , Vikings and Normans armies in early history,[object Object],experienced a continuous immigration since the W WII,[object Object],Race Relations Act (1976),[object Object],    principle of ‘equal rights and opportunities’ adapted to migrants and its children,[object Object]
Racial diversity,[object Object],Centuries of immigration,[object Object],8% of population belongs to ethnic minority, 4.6 million people ,[object Object]
Influence on UK’s Hospitality Culture,[object Object],Multiculturalism in UK’s hospitality industry,[object Object],An important point of entry into the host country’s labour market for migrant workers ,[object Object],In 2005,12.5 % of the UK’s working,[object Object],	age population was born abroad, ,[object Object],	up from around 8 % in 1995. ,[object Object],Now - 4.3 million adults ,[object Object],    of working age in the                                                ,[object Object],    UK who were born abroad.,[object Object]
Social class system,[object Object],Rise of upper ,[object Object],middle class,[object Object],Feudalism,[object Object],Upper Class,[object Object],people with inherited wealth     ,[object Object],oldest families, titled aristocrats,[object Object],Middle Class majority of the population ,[object Object],   industrialists, professionals, business people and  shop owners,[object Object],Lower or Working Classagricultural, mine and factory workers,[object Object]
Influence on UK’s Hospitality Culture,[object Object],Employee retention problem in hospitality industry,[object Object],Rigid class system in past           ,[object Object],     - serving --- low status job,[object Object],Do not like serving others,[object Object],    - often foreign workers serve in hotels, restaurants, pubs in major city centers,[object Object],Lowest paid sector industry ,[object Object],     - Poor pay, unsocial hours, poor career opportunities,[object Object],                              High turnover rate in industry,[object Object],Low unionization,[object Object]
Constitutional monarch,[object Object],Queen Elizabeth II ,[object Object],Head of the state,[object Object],Head of the Armed Forces ,[object Object],Head of the Church of England ,[object Object],run by the government and led by the prime minister.,[object Object]
Government type, party structure,[object Object],Parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarchy ,[object Object],Multi-party system ,[object Object],Fusion of executive and legislature,[object Object]
Governmental Influence ,[object Object],Working practice on labour market   ,[object Object],introduce national employment protection legislation and regulations ,[object Object],Sex discrimination,[object Object],Equal pay,[object Object],Maternity and parental leave,[object Object]
Governmental Influence,[object Object],UK Hotel Development Incentive scheme (1968- 1973) ,[object Object],   - provided direct grants,[object Object],   - helped in building of 1300 new hotels or extension,[object Object],   - provided funds or free land in exchange,[object Object],	 for equity participation  ,[object Object],	  E.g. contribute 5% of GDP ,[object Object],             Government becomes part ,[object Object],		   of the owner,[object Object]
Political system - Democracy,[object Object],“Government by the people”,[object Object],All people have a say,[object Object],Everyone have voting right ,[object Object],all citizens :,[object Object],“equality and freedom” protected by a constitution,[object Object],being equal before the law ,[object Object],having equal access to power,[object Object]
Architecture,[object Object],Stuart architecture ,[object Object],Dome-shaped,[object Object],Victorian architecture,[object Object],early19th century ,[object Object],romantic medieval gothic style ,[object Object],symmetry of Palladianism ,[object Object]
Architecture,[object Object],Twentieth century architecture,[object Object],new form of design:,[object Object],[object Object]
non symmetrical form with mullioned or lattice windows
multiple gables and tall chimneys,[object Object]
Music,[object Object],London -- world's major centre for classical music,[object Object],The 16th century:,[object Object],[object Object],  affected by Reformation,[object Object],[object Object], mainly church music, folk music, classical  music ,[object Object],[object Object], classical music as an important element of British ,[object Object]
Music        ,[object Object],Pop music singers are ,[object Object],   more popular  than classical,[object Object],   composers and jazz musicians,[object Object],E.g., The Beatles, ,[object Object],    The Rolling Stones, ,[object Object],    Led Zeppelin ,[object Object],Youths – punk, garage, rock,,[object Object],                    pop and R&B,[object Object],Development of Rock and Roll,,[object Object],    punk music and heavy metal,[object Object]
Influence on hospitality industry,[object Object],Restaurants,[object Object],    Classical music, folk music ,[object Object], 	--- more formal and popular ,[object Object],		in older generation,[object Object],Bars ,[object Object],    Pop music, jazz and R&B ,[object Object]
Literature - Shakespeare,[object Object],Shakespeare– ,[object Object],    English poet & playwright,[object Object],England's national poet ,[object Object],the "Bard of Avon”,[object Object],comedies, histories and tragedies and tragicomedies,[object Object]
Shakespeare---opera,[object Object],made a lasting impression on later theatre and literature,[object Object],More than 40 theatres in London ,[object Object],from Royal Opera House  (world's leading opera houses) to London Palladium,[object Object]
Sports,[object Object],association football,[object Object],rugby football ,[object Object],boxing ,[object Object],badminton ,[object Object],cricket ,[object Object],tennis,[object Object],Golf,[object Object],Football – most popular,[object Object]
Festivals and activities ,[object Object],Sports events,[object Object],Horseracing festivals – Royal Ascot, The Grand National and The Epsom Derby ,[object Object],The Wimbledon Lawn Tennis Championships ,[object Object],British Formula 1 Grand Prix,[object Object],Boat race between Oxford and Cambridge,[object Object]
Festivals and activities,[object Object],English cultural and entertainment events ,[object Object],West End musicals,[object Object],Opera and ballet,[object Object],Concerts & festivals,[object Object],Fashion shows ,[object Object],Royal Academy’s Summer Exhibition,[object Object],RHS flower shows at Chelsea ,[object Object]
Influence on UK’s Hospitality Culture,[object Object],Increase the number of tourists,[object Object],generated > £135m,[object Object],providing a unique and ,[object Object],	special occasion to ,[object Object],	entertain top clients ,[object Object],    and to reward staff,[object Object]
Key dates in British history,[object Object],[object Object]
1707        	Union with Scotland
1801        	Legislative union with 	        	Ireland,[object Object],[object Object]
1918        	Parliamentary Qualification 	        	of Women Act ,[object Object],	        	--Women over age 30   ,[object Object],                  	can vote       ,[object Object],[object Object],	        	--All women can vote,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Influence on UK’s Hospitality Culture,[object Object],Establishment of trade unions,[object Object],Industrial Revolution---cruel exploitation of  labour ,[object Object],world’s 1st trade union ,[object Object],	movement to protect the right of labour ,[object Object]
Influence on UK’s Hospitality Culture,[object Object],Increase the scope of attractions and facilities to tourists,[object Object],E.g. Wales,,[object Object],Heavy industrial past – attractive to tourists ,[object Object],Industrial museums ,[object Object],Developed “Great Little Railways of Wales”,[object Object],Harbour such as Plas Menai transformed to offer wide range of water sports,[object Object],Gold mining area – Dolgellau : popular tourists attraction,[object Object],All these helped to increase the profits of hotels in Wales,[object Object]
Influence on UK’s Hospitality Culture,[object Object],Work ethic,[object Object],Not ‘devotion to duty’ or ‘hard work’,[object Object],Many national projects in that period was ‘lubricated’ with alcohol  ,[object Object],British love drinking—has more bars (public house/pub) than any countries in the world,[object Object]
History – Labour shortage,[object Object],Post - 1970s, ,[object Object],Baby- bust problem,[object Object],Demographic change – fall in birth rate,[object Object],Entry-level workers difficult to find ,[object Object],Workers demanded more pay and improved  working condition,[object Object]
Changing structure of family,[object Object],Nowadays,[object Object],small families,[object Object],delays having children ,[object Object],Changing attitudes towards marriage - “partner”,[object Object],Increase rates of divorce,[object Object],Growing number of children born outside marriage,[object Object],No. of people living alone increase (longer life expectancy),[object Object]
Influence on UK’s Hospitality Culture,[object Object],Working patterns and Contracts,[object Object],part-time and casual staff,[object Object],More female works part-time than males,[object Object],only 5 % of hotel and accommodation managers and 10% of restaurant managers work part-time ,[object Object],lower than average working hours in the UK,[object Object],Flexibility of hours - no specified hours, overtime  ,[object Object],may be employed on highly flexible hours contracts, including zero hours contracts,[object Object]
Colonization,[object Object],Since 1815, Britain already started overseas expansion over Africa and Asia,[object Object],“Expansion is everything” ,[object Object],Influence -Location/Distribution of hotels,[object Object],strongly concentrated in Europe and some presence in Africa and the Caribbean,[object Object],   - former colonial relationship,[object Object]
Hospitality industry in the UK ,[object Object],expanded in the past five years,[object Object],current shortage of skilled staff,[object Object],International  (e.g. Hilton International, Holiday Inns, Forte PLC),[object Object],Hotel ownership,[object Object],penetration of corporate activity  ,[object Object],chain-type operations,[object Object],independent operators,[object Object]
Size of UK’s hospitality sector,[object Object],British Hospitality Association(2006) : ,[object Object],Made up of about 127,000 businesses,[object Object],approximately 22,000 hotels and guest houses, 16,000 bed and breakfasts,[object Object],Workforce : 1.6 million people ,[object Object],Restaurants employ 1/3 of workforce,[object Object],High proportions of female, young, part-time and unskilled labour,[object Object]
Trends and development ,[object Object],Branding   >  services’ level,[object Object],    e.g. -HI Express, ,[object Object],		-Travelodge, ,[object Object],		-Holiday Inn,[object Object],brand's expansion,[object Object],    e.g. Accor – ,[object Object],		Southwark Rose in London ,[object Object]
Liberalism,[object Object],Individual freedom,[object Object],Liberty and freedom ,[object Object],Improvement or progress,[object Object]
Influence on UK’s Hospitality Culture,[object Object],Hotel classification ,[object Object],Totally voluntary procedure ,[object Object],opt to be classified by different organization,[object Object],    e.g. National Trust Board ,[object Object],No direct national or local government involvement ,[object Object],VS  France - compulsory ,[object Object]
Influence on UK’s Hospitality Culture,[object Object],Employment practices,[object Object],Informality of management practices ,[object Object],Limited training ,[object Object],ineffective personnel and human resource management  ,[object Object],Management : inexpert,[object Object],Informal rewards,[object Object],High rates of labour instability ,[object Object]
Moderately high-context culture,[object Object],messages depends on contextual cues like gender, age, balance of power,[object Object],not on physical written text,[object Object],focus on tradition and class ,is more conservative in than France and Italy ,[object Object],more individualistic and less risk averse than the French and Italians,[object Object],there are things that are not said but are understood,[object Object]
Individualism,[object Object],emphasize “independence” and “self-reliance”,[object Object],promote exercise of one's goals ,[object Object],     and desires ,[object Object],oppose external interference upon one's choices,[object Object],oppose to collectivism,[object Object]
Influence on UK’s Hospitality Culture,[object Object],Discouragement of collective actions,[object Object],Employers - discourage unionism ,[object Object],		(membership marginal below 5%),[object Object],Hospitality managers - believe in their own management style and power ,[object Object],Collective representation – only when individual managers’ style fail,[object Object],Duty and responsibility – ‘look after’ their employees properly ,[object Object]
Influence on UK’s Hospitality Culture,[object Object],Other ways,[object Object],Employees - non-interventionist stance ,[object Object],rapid career progression,[object Object],opportunities for ambitious graduates ,[object Object],self-employment for experienced managers,[object Object]
Economic philosophy - Capitalism,[object Object],Free and competitive market ,[object Object], government intervention,[object Object],Private production, distribution, exchange,[object Object],Mixed economy – ownership shared between state and private sector ,[object Object]
Influence on UK’s Hospitality Culture,[object Object],High profile ownership and management changes,[object Object],High level of expansion and takeover activities ,[object Object],E.g. sale of Ritz by Trafalgar House to Barclay brothers  in 1995,[object Object],Selling hotel assets freely at a profit ,[object Object],Refurbishment developments ,[object Object],    E.g. Charing Cross hotel – 83 luxury twins ,[object Object],            and double rooms were created ,[object Object]
Influence on UK’s Hospitality Culture,[object Object],Increased room occupancy and average room rates,[object Object],Business and conferences markets,[object Object],Low inflation,[object Object],Favourable low exchange rate,[object Object],    - Cheaper holiday option for overseas visitors ,[object Object]
Influence on UK’s Hospitality Culture,[object Object],Working Style in Hospitality,[object Object],Emphasize on efficiency and ,[object Object],     productivity,[object Object],Quality of service ,[object Object],European guests measure hotel ,[object Object],	quality in terms of :,[object Object],    -availability of formal dining,beverage ,[object Object],     -general efficiency ,[object Object],     -round- the- clock room service,[object Object]
Fear of communism,[object Object],Communism promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless society based on common ownership and control of the means of production and property,[object Object],Contradicts to capitalism,[object Object],Threat to western democracies ,[object Object],Especially during the ,[object Object],     Cold War period ,[object Object]
Philosophy - Nationalism,[object Object],Common tradition and historical development ,[object Object],Duty , loyalty to nation -  overemphasize,[object Object],National superiority , glory ,[object Object],Justify colonization and expansion,[object Object]
Terrorism,[object Object],British Muslims ,2005 London bombing (home-grown),[object Object],Attacks on British mainland (Corera 2006),[object Object],Al-Qaeda( Britain vs. Pakistan ),[object Object]
Influence on UK’s Hospitality Culture,[object Object],Case study,[object Object],Hilton Hotel Taba terror attack in Oct 2004,[object Object],car bomb managed to drive straight into the lobby and explode without interruptions. ,[object Object],Hilton Hotel lacked any security measures,[object Object],         Crisis management ,[object Object],          Safety measures,[object Object]
Influence on UK’s Hospitality Culture,[object Object],Registration procedure in the front desk,[object Object],all guests >16 - register their full name and nationality,[object Object],Record is kept and opened to police inspection (12 months),[object Object],neither British nor Commonwealth citizens - give passport details,[object Object]
Pub--- etiquette,[object Object],[object Object],Family pubs welcome people with ,[object Object],	children,[object Object], rough language,[object Object],Common  to “buying a round ,[object Object],	of drinks” ,[object Object],"have a drink on me” ,[object Object],	= pay for the drink that he chooses ,[object Object]
Influence on UK’s Hospitality Culture,[object Object],Operations/Rules of the Pub in hotels,[object Object],Not common to receive a tip,[object Object],offered a drink on the house - the pub pays for it,[object Object],pub is not allowed to serve drinks after closing time,[object Object],must stop drinking 20 minutes after closing time,[object Object]
Food in Britain,[object Object],Breakfast - between 7:00 and 9:00, ,[object Object],Lunch - between 12:00 and 1:30 p.m. ,[object Object],Dinner (Supper) - The main meal. between 6:30 and 8:00 p.m. (Evening meal) ,[object Object],OR,[object Object],Breakfast - between 7:00 and 9:00, ,[object Object],Dinner (The main meal) - between 12:00 and 1:30 p.m. ,[object Object],Tea - anywhere from 5:30 at night to 6:30 p.m. ,[object Object]
Meals,[object Object],A Traditional English breakfast- full English/fry up ,[object Object],Tea-break - 11:00a.m.,[object Object],Brunch – breakfastlunch,[object Object],Sunday roast -Lunch (main meal),[object Object],Afternoon tea (not common these days),[object Object],   - most adults go out to work,[object Object],   - tea rooms around England,[object Object],High tea(early evening),[object Object],- often replaced with a supper or dinner,[object Object]
Supper/Dinner,[object Object],Supper --- family meal,[object Object],Dinner party --- formal evening meal --guests have been invited ,[object Object],Special effort made both in the food preparation and in table setting ,[object Object],meat and two veg ---,[object Object],meat served together on the same plate with two types of vegetable,[object Object],common to eat a dessert,[object Object],Manner,[object Object],cannot eat certain type of food or have some special needs, tell your host before,[object Object],Arrive on time,[object Object],Take a bottle of wine or some flowers or chocolates ,[object Object]
Eating Manner,[object Object],Drinking tea,[object Object],Do not pour the tea from a teapot as soon as it has been made; leave it for a minute or two.,[object Object],If the teapot contains loose tea, place the tea strainer onto the cup before pouring.,[object Object],Milk can be added to the cup either before or after pouring the tea.,[object Object],Once the teapot is half-empty, or if the tea is too strong for you, pour the hot water into the teapot.,[object Object]
Influence on UK’s hospitality industry ,[object Object],Type of food in hotel restaurant,[object Object],not normal life ,[object Object],cooked breakfast every day if stay in a hotel or bed and breakfast,[object Object],Most British people only eat these foods occasionally ,[object Object]
Serious health problem – obesity,[object Object],24%adult (2004), only 2nd to US,[object Object],not enough exercise,[object Object],European diet,[object Object],   - eat less fruit, vegetables, fishes ,[object Object],tends to eat out and love fast-food,[object Object]
Influence on UK’s Hospitality Culture,[object Object],Menu of restaurants in hotels,[object Object],Food at a low price, and sufficient speed,[object Object],In 2009,,[object Object],introduce calorie information on their menus. ,[object Object],Includes :,[object Object],workplace caterers, quick-service restaurants, theme parks and leisure attractions, pub restaurants, cafes ,etc ,[object Object]
Business manner,[object Object],Handshake,[object Object],a round of firm handshake,[object Object],Typical greeting,[object Object],‘hello , nice to meet you’ or  ‘how do you do’,[object Object],Punctuality,[object Object],expect others to be punctual,[object Object],considered rude to arrive late,[object Object]
Business manner,[object Object],First name,[object Object],Take the lead from your host regarding the use of first name,[object Object],Age difference – determinant ,[object Object],Young  people - more inclined to use first  name ,[object Object]
Business manner,[object Object],Being friendly and real friendship,[object Object],British - very reserved and private ,[object Object],Privacy - extremely important,[object Object],use of first name - not necessarily equate ,[object Object],	with friendship,[object Object],never mix business and pleasure,[object Object]
 Superstitions - Good Luck,[object Object],meet a black cat.  ,[object Object],touch wood,[object Object],find a clover plant with four leaves,[object Object],White heather,[object Object],Horseshoes over the door - sign of good luck. ,[object Object]
Superstitions - Good Luck,[object Object],On the first day of the month it is lucky to say "white rabbits, white rabbits white rabbits," before uttering your first word of the day. ,[object Object],Catch falling leaves in Autumn ,[object Object],   - Every leaf means a lucky month next year,[object Object],Cut hair when the moon is waxing,[object Object],Putting money in the pocket of new clothes,[object Object]
Superstitions - Bad Luck,[object Object],walk underneath a ladder,[object Object],Seven years bad luck to break a mirror.,[object Object],see one magpie, lucky to see two, etc..,[object Object],spill salt,[object Object]
Superstitions - Bad Luck,[object Object],open an umbrella in doors,[object Object],13,[object Object],Friday the Thirteenth,[object Object],put new shoes on the table ,[object Object],pass someone on the stairs,[object Object],13,[object Object],Friday,[object Object],13,[object Object]
Influence on UK’s Hospitality Culture ,[object Object],Name of the Hotel,[object Object],The Horseshoe Inn,[object Object],- Symbolize lucky ,[object Object]
Influence on UK’s Hospitality Culture ,[object Object],The omission of 13th Floor,[object Object],No. 13 = unlucky ,[object Object],building owners will sometimes purposely omit a floor so numbered ,[object Object],Hence, the 13th floor is given the No.14,[object Object]
Conclusion ,[object Object],Internal  Influence,[object Object],History – laid down the foundation of                 ,[object Object],                     development of hospitality,[object Object],Lifestyle (manner, dining) – affect the practices in          ,[object Object],                                                      the departments of hotels ,[object Object],Philosophy –  influence the personality, behavior and    ,[object Object],                             belief of British,[object Object],                             greatly affect the political development ,[object Object],Demographic – determine the target customers and type              ,[object Object],                                of workers in UK’s hospitality,[object Object],                                formation of social norms and systems ,[object Object],All these helped to shape Britain’s image as strong European power with unique culture for over 9 decades  ,[object Object]
Conclusion,[object Object],External  influence,[object Object],Terrorism – unprecedented threat ,[object Object],                          main concern in crisis and safety                 ,[object Object],                          management,[object Object],Communism – long-term fear of British,[object Object],These are the underlying factors hindering the expansion of UK’s hospitality industry,[object Object]
References,[object Object],Mccormick, J. (2007). Contemporary Britain 2nd edition. China: Palgrave Macmillan.,[object Object],Storry, M. & Childs, P. (2002). British Cultural Identities second edition. London and New York: Routledge.,[object Object],Horrall, A. (2001). Popular Culture in London 1890-1918 The transformation of entertainment. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press.,[object Object],Bdo Hospitality Consulting (1996). Trends in the UK industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 6-10.,[object Object]
References,[object Object],Walker, J. R. (2009). Introduction to Hospitality,(5th edition). : Pearson Prentice Hall.,[object Object],Norbury, P. (2003). Culture Smart!Britain. : Kuperard.,[object Object],Brotherton, B. (2000). An introduction to the UK hospitality industry : a comparative approach. : Oxford : Butterworth-Heinemann ,[object Object],Gee.C.Y.(2000).International Hotel Management .The Educational Institute of the AH&MA, East Lansing, MI.,[object Object]

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2118 Project Group 7 SEM 003

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