1. Chapter 4 Sec 1

2. BACKLASH!
British  Proclamation
Line of 1763.
No one is allowed west of
Appalachian Mountains
Costly protection against
Natives

3. To pay for England’s
debt
• King
George III
issued a
series of
acts (policy,
laws)

4. …SUGAR
Sugar Act
…MOLASSES
…COFFEE
To raise revenues…
…INDIGO

5. B. Sugar Act (1764): England places a tax on sugar, coffee, indigo, and molasses.
Sugar Cane used to make sugar. Sugar
used to make molasses. Molasses used
to make rum. Rum was one of the
most popular and common drinks in
the colonies.
Coffee

6. Response:
Q-> What was the extent of Parliament’s
authority over the colonies??
Absolute?
OR
Limited?
Q-> How could the colonies give or
withhold consent for parliamentary
legislation when they did not have
representation in that body??
“Taxation without
representation”

7. ...NEWSPAPERS
(New York
Gazetteer, Feb. 15, 1775)
...LEGAL
DOCUMENTS
Stamp Act (1765)
…DICE
Taxes put on all legal
Documents
(direct tax- visible)
…PLAYING
CARDS

8. • Boycott
(refuse to buy)
• Violence
• The Sons of
Liberty was
formed
Colonial
Response

9. RESULT:
* Parliament (England’s
body of government)
repealed (void) the Stamp
Act.
Alright, alright!
We’ll repeal the
Stamp Act! Will
that make you
bloody American
hooligans happy!
Now, end your
boycott already!
King George III

10. Townshend Act
A
Tax on imports - paper, paint,
lead, glass, tea.
A
to pay for war
debts, troops paying govt. salaries.
AIndirect
tax- not visibleadded to the cost of the
product
Colonial Response
* “Daughters of Liberty”
- Boycott goods, made own,
smuggling

11. • Due to smuggling and protest from the
colonists:
– The King stationed more troops at Boston

12. 1) Boys began to throw ice at a British guard.
Hey kid, I
wouldn’t do that
again if I were
you!

13. 2) A crowd soon grew large and rowdy.
3) The British soldiers opened fire, killing five colonists,
including Crispus Attucks, a black sailor active in the Sons of
Liberty.

14. Boston Massacre
– British attack on defenseless colonist

15. Tea Act- tax on tea
– To save East India Co.
from bankruptcy (British
major company)

16. • Colonist response: Boston Tea Party
– Dumped tea into the ocean

17. • Parliament
response:
– Passed
Intolerable Act
• To punish the
colonist for the
Tea party
• Closed all Boston
ports
• Martial Lawmilitary control
• Quartering Acthousing of troops

18. • Colonists response:
– Held the First Continental Congress (meeting)
– Made military preparation (hid weapons in arsenal)

19. Minutemen: soldiers ready
in a moments notice
-They supplied their own
weapons and had little military
training.

20. Committees
of Correspondence
Purpose 
warn
colonies
about
incidents
with
British

21. Lexington
• A small skirmish that caused 8 minutemen’s lives

22. British Gen. Thomas Gage
– Marched troops
to Concord
– “The shot heard
round the world”
– British retreated

23. 11. Second Continental Congress (1775): Representatives from the colonies
met in Philadelphia to discuss plans.
Olive Branch Petition: Sent petition to King George III
asking to restore peace. King refuses petition.
A.
B. Continental Army: Created an army to prepare for war
under the command of George Washington.

24. Quiz # 6
QUIZ # 4 CH 4
1.
2.
An event where colonist dumped tea into the ocean
Policy that punished colonists for dumping tea into the
ocean (I A )
3. Term for military rule (M L )
4. Soldiers ready in a moments notice
5. An event where British troops attack defenseless
citizens (B M )
6. Place known as the “shot hear round the world” (C)
7. Letter to the King asking for a truce or peace
8. Name of the King
9. Law where colonists have to house the British troops
10. Tax on all paper documents

25. Ch 4 S 2

26. 12. B
attle of B
reeds H (1775) :
ill
Colonists limited supplies, little experiences situated on a hill
“Do not shoot until you see
the whites of their eyes”
•1,500 American troops waited
on Breed’s Hill and Bunker Hill.
•2,400 British were coming to
take control over the Hills

29. • British outnumbered colonist- won this battle and drove
colonist back
• Colonists ran out of ammunition- moral victory- believed
they could hold their own if enough supplies are available
It took the British three attempts to force the colonists to retreat

30. Thomas Paine
• Common Sense
– Pamphlet urging Colonist to stand up against
tyranny and claim their independence
• “America’s
Destiny”

31. Patrick Henry
• Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased
at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty
God! I know not what course others may take; but as
for me, Give me Liberty, or give me Death!

32. Thomas Jefferson
Declaration of
Independence
•
Reason:
– can obtain aid from
Britain’s enemies
– if captured can
demand to be treated
as prisoner not traitors
(death penalty)

33. Three major sections:
- preamble- explained the principles behind the act
- list of all grievances against the king
- conclude with severing ties and becoming independent
– “endowed by their Creator with certain
unalienable rights” “among these are life, liberty
and the pursuit of happiness”
– July 4, 1776- colonies seized to exist- USA was born
“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that
all men are created equal, that they are
endowed by their Creator with certain
unalienable Rights, that among these are Life,
Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That
to secure these rights, Governments are
instituted among Men, deriving their just
powers from the consent of the governed,
--That whenever any Form of Government
becomes destructive of these ends, it is the
Right of the People to alter or to abolish it,
and to institute new Government”

34. Division
•
–
Loyalist
•
–
Support king (Crown or monarch)
Patriots
•
Support independence

35. British
Advantages (Redcoats)

generals had wide
experiences

soldiers were well trained

More supplies,
ammunition, food, money

a strong navies
Disadvantages

Supplies not within reach

faced with new type of
warfare

36. American
Advantages (Continental
Army)
• defending homeland
• Know the land
• used hit and run tactics
• supply within reach
• aided by France
Disadvantages:
• No navy
• Not enough supplies,
food, money

37. •
SECTION I Why the Declaration was
written
1. What was the date the Declaration of
Independence was signed?
2. What did the Declaration of Independence
say was “necessary”?
• SECTION 2
Statement of Basic Human
Rights
3. What truths were “self-evident”?
4. What rights did the Creator give to
everyone?
• SECTION 3 Purpose of Government :
Safeguard Human Rights
5. Who gives government power to
govern/rule?
6. When can a government be changed?
7. What rights do people have when the
government becomes destructive?
8. Who has the power to change the
government?
9. The purpose of a good government is to do
what for the people?
10. Under what condition should the people
have the right to overthrow a government?
•
SECTION 4 Abuses of Human Rights by
the King
11. Who do the colonists believe have abused
their human rights?
12. What did the King’s Officers do to the
colonists?
13. What is their objection to taxation?
14. In many court cases, what did the King
deprived the colonists of?
15. What is the King transporting in the
colonies that make him unworthy of the
Head of a civilized nation?
• SECTION 5 Colonial Effort to Avoid
Separation
16. Before it came to this declaration, the
colonists tried to do what to settle their
problems?
17. What words tell you that the King did not
listen to the complaints of the colonists?
18. Because of the negative responses to settle
the problems, the colonists said it was
necessary for them to….?
• SECTION 6 Colonies Declare
Independence
19. What three things do the colonists declare?
20. What do the signatures on the document
mean?

38. •
•
Declaration of Independence
SECTION I Why the Declaration was
written
1. What was the purpose of the Declaration?
2. What is the intro stating? (sentence 1)
• SECTION 2 Statement of Basic Human
Rights
3. Who do the colonists believe to be
created equal?
4. What rights did the Creator give to
everyone?
•
• SECTION 3 Purpose of Government :
Safeguard Human Rights
5. Who gives government power to
govern/rule?
6. When can a government be changed?
7. Who has the power to change the
government?
8. The purpose of a good government is to
do what for the people?
9. What type of government system is being
described?
•
•
SECTION 4 Abuses of Human Rights by the King
10. Who do the colonists believe have
abused their human rights?
11. How many abuses did they list?
12. What # on the list talks about the Stamp
Act and the Tea Tax?
13. What is their objection to taxation?
•
• SECTION 5 Colonial Effort to Avoid
Separation
14. Before it came to this declaration, the
colonists tried to do what to settle their
problems?
15. What was the response to the above?
16. Besides the King, who did the colonists
plea for help from?
17. Because of the negative responses to
settle the problems, the colonists said it
was necessary for them to….?
• SECTION 6 Colonies Declare
Independence
18. What three things do the colonists
declare?
19. What do the signatures on the
document mean?

39. The rifle took a long time to load, compared to the musket. By
the time a soldier forced his rifle ball down the barrel, the
enemy could get him with a bayonet. Their rifles had no
bayonet, a necessity for fighting at close range, or in damp
weather when wet flints and gunpowder made firearms
useless. Because of these disadvantages, the musket remained
the primary weapon used during the Revolutionary War.

40. Division in the Colonies
We should separate!
• Taxation without
Representation
We are subjects of the KING!
• Britain is the most
powerful empire in the
world
• People are dying
(Boston)
• We are first and foremost
British subjects
• Parliament is to far away
(they don’t know us)
• Our trade will suffer if we
leave Britain
• War has broken out at
Lexington and Concord!
• Other nations might attack
us if we leave, we’ll be 13
sitting ducks!

41. • The fort valuable for
two reasons:
– Within its walls were
cannons and massive
amounts of artillery
– It was situated on the
strategically important
Lake Champlain
• It was on the route
between the rebellious
Thirteen Colonies and the
British-controlled Canada
• Americans seized the
fort
– Ethan Allen and
Colonel Benedict
Arnold captured the
fort
Fort Ticonderoga

42. Battle of Long Island,
New York
Washington with his poorly
armed soldiers
unskilled/untrained 23,000
British had 32,000 plus
thousand mercenaries
US greatly
outnumberedWashington retreat
with heavy losses to
Delaware
British captured the city
and burned it
By the year endsAmericans morale was
very low
Thousands began to desert
Washington’s army

43. Battle of Trenton
•
Washington surprised attacked the Germans
mercenaries (hired to kill)
–
–
–
–
Crossed iced choked Delaware River
Christmas day -mercenaries were all drunk
Capture 900 mercenaries
Boosted soldiers morale

44. T B
he attle of Saratoga:
1. British planned : to divide the
North from the South and
used the Loyalists to win the
South
St. Leger
Burgoyne
Burgoyne would march south from
Canada to take Albany.
Gen. Leger would march east from
- Gen. St. Burgoyne (British)
the Great Lakes
surrender to Albany.
- Gen. Howe would march north from
Turning Point:
NYC to Albany.
- St. Leger was defeated at Battle of
Eliminated British north.
from
Oriskany. Howe never moved
the North on his own and met an
- Burgoyne was
American army at Saratoga.
Brought France on
American side
Howe

45. • Valley Forge (1777-78)
– Soldiers demoralized, hungry, winter- cold
– Washington troops whipped into fighting shape by
Friederich von Steuben– Taught the Continental how to drill, maneuver and use bayonets like
professional soldiers

46. The Southern Strategy
Loyalist in the
South were
helping the British
General Nathanial
Greene used hit
and run tactics
Capture many
forts (many
Patriots helped)

47. French aid finally came
• Ben Franklin as
American ambassador
helped convinced
France to help US
• France lend US:
– Troops, supplies, navy

48. The Battle of Yorktown
• US and France surrounded
General Cornwallis
– By land and by sea
– British surrendered ending the
war

49. “The World Turned Upside Down!”
“The World Turned Upside Down!”
Cornwallis’ Surrender at Yorktown:

50. Treaty of Paris
• United States of American is now
independent
• Gained land east of Mississippi River

51. CHAPTER 4 SECTION 1
1a. Stamp Act:
to pay for war debt
b. Colonists response:
boycott
c. British response:
repeal the stamp act
2a. Townshend Act;
To pay for governors
salaries, gain revenue
b. Boycott goods, made
own, rage, resistance,
c. Stationed 2,000
troops
3a. Tea Act
Save bankruptcy of East
Indies Co.
b. Dumping tea into
ocean
c. Passed the
intolerable act, closed
all ports
4a. Intolerable Act
Punish colonies for
dumping tea
b. Establish first
Continental Congress
meeting
c. Marched to
Concord to seize
weapons

52. CHAPTER 4 SECTION 3
Who won?
1. New York
2. Trenton
3. Philadelphia
4. Saratoga
British
Why did they win:
Importance:
Americans were
outnumbered and
has untrained
soldiers
British capture it
and burn the city