Perfect score module 2012

SBP 2012

PHYSICS
PERFECT SCORE MODULE

SEKOLAH
NAME :...................................................................

CLASS/SCHOOL:.................................................
BERASRAMA PENUH
2012

Physics Perfect Score SBP 2012 1

SBP 2012

PHYSICS SCORE 2012 PANELS

NOR SAIDAH BT CHE HASSAN (Ketua Penggubal)
Kolej Tunku Kurshiah

JENNYTA BT NOORBI
SMS Tuanku Munawir

JAMILAH YUSOF
Sekolah Seri Puteri

HASLINA BT ISMAIL
SMS Hulu Selangor

KAMARIAH BT MOHD ARSYAD
The Malay College of Kuala Kangsar

JAMALUDIN BIN ABD GHANI
SBPI Batu Rakit

HJH NOR SHIDAH HJ MANSOR
SMS Tengku Mahmud

SURIYATI YUSOFF
SMS Muzaffar Shah

TAN LEE FAH
SMS Miri

ZULAIFAH ZINUDDIN
Sekolah Tuanku Abdul Rahman


SBP 2012

TABLE OF CONTENT

SECTION CONSTRUCT/CONTENT Page

Section I Physics Concept / Rules / Principles /Laws 4

Examples of Common Mistakes And
Section II 14
Misconceptions

Section III Construct: Understanding 19

Section IV Construct Decision Making 26

Section V C Construct onceptualisation 40

Section VI Construct (Qualitative) 53

Section VII Problem Solving (Quantitative) 58

Section VIII A Paper 3 Section A 63

Section VIII B Paper 3 Section B 71


SBP 2012

-PHYSICS CONCEPT AND DEFINITION

Chapter 1: Introduction to Physics

What is.. Definition

Base quantities are quantities that cannot be defined in terms
1 Base Quantities
of other base quantities

Derived quantities are quantities that are obtained by
2. Derived Quantities combining base quantities by multiplication, derivition or both
operations

3. Scalar Quantities Scalar quantities are quantities that have only magnitude

Vector quantities are quantities that have both magnitude
4. Vector Quantities
and direction

The consistency of of a measuring instrument is its ability
5. Consistency register the same reading when a measurement is made
repeatedly

Accuracy is the degree of how close a measurement is to the
6. Accuracy
actual vaue

Sensitivity of an instrument is its ability to detect a small
7. Sensitivity
change in the quantity to be measured

Chapter 2: Force And Motion


1. Speed Speed is the rate of change of distance

2. Velocity Velocity is the rate of change of displacement

Acceleration is the rate of change of change/increase in
3. Acceleration
velocity

4. Deceleration Deceleration is the rate of decrease in velocity

The inertia of an object is the tendency of the object to remain
5. Inertia
its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line

Newton’s First Law of Motion states that every object continues
6. Newton’s First Law of
in its state of rest or uniform speed in a straight line unless acted
Motion / Law of Inertia
upon by an external force

7. Linear momentum Linear momentum is the product of mass and velocity

Principle of Conservation of Momentum states that the total
8. Principle of Conservation
momentum of a system remains unchanged if no external
of Momentum
force acts on the system.

Force is defined as anything that changes the state of rest or
9. Force
motion of an object moving in a straight line


SBP 2012

The acceleration of a body ,a, is directly proportional to the
10. Newton’s Second Law net force acting on it, F , and inversely proportional to its mass,
m

11. Impulse Impulse is defined as the change in momentum

12. Impulsive Force Impulsive force is defined as the rate of change of momentum

13. Weight / Force of
Gravity / Gravitational Pulled force towards the centre of the earth
Force

A free-falling object is an object falling under the force of
14. Free-Fall
gravity only
15. Gravitational
The acceleration of objects due to gravity // falling free
Acceleration
The gravitational field is the region around the earth in which
16. Gravitational Field
an object experience a force due to gravitational attraction

17. Resultant Force / Resultant force is a single force that represents the combined
Net Force effect of two or more forces in magnitude and direction

When the forces acting on an object is not balanced, there
must be a net force/unbalanced/resultant force acting on it
18. Unbalanced Forces /

Unbalanced forces produce an acceleration to the object

The object is said to be in a state of equilibrium when the
resulting force acting on the object is zero ( no net force acting
upon it)

19. Forces in Equilibrium /
When the equilibrium is reached, then the object is in two
Balanced Forces
states, that is
(i) remains stationary (if the object is stationary)
(ii) moves at a constant velocity ( if the object is moving) /
zero acceleration

20. Newton’s Third Law of Newton’s third law of motion states that, To every action there
Motion is an equal but opposite direction

Work is defined as the product of the applied force ,F on the
21. Work object and its displacement, s in the direction of the applied
force

Energy is the ability to do work
22. Energy
(Work done is equal to the amount of energy transferred

23. Gravitational Potential The Gravitational potential energy of an object is the energy
Energy stored in the object due to its position in a force field

Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its
24. Kinetic Energy
motion

25. Principle of Conservation
Principle of Conservation of Energy states that
of Energy


SBP 2012


26. Power Power is the amount of work done per second

Efficiency of a device is the percentage of the energy input
27. Efficiency
that is transferred into useful energy

Elasticity is the property of a substance which enables it to
28. Elasticity return to original shape after an applied external force is
removed

Elastic limit of a spring is defined as the maximum force that
29. Elastic Limit can be applied to a spring such that the spring will be able to
restored to its original length when the force is removed

Hooke’s Law states that the extension of a spring is directly
30. Hooke’s Law proportional to the applied force provided that the elastic limit
is not exceeded

A spring constant of a spring is the force that is required to
31. Spring Constant /
produce one unit of extension of the spring
Force Constant
(measure of the stiffness of the spring)

Elastic Potential Energy is the energy stored in a spring when it is
32. Elastic Potential Energy
extended or compressed

Chapter 3: Force and Pressure


Pressure is defined as the force acting normally on a unit of
1. Pressure
surface area

The Atmospheric pressure is caused by the the weight of the air
2. Atmospheric Pressure
on the Earth’s surface

Gas pressure is the force per unit area exerted by the gas
3. Gas Pressure
molecules as they collide with the walls of their container

Pascal’s principle states that when pressure is applied to an
4. Pascal’s Principle enclosed fluid, the pressure will be transmitted equally
throughout the whole enclosed fluid

Bouyant Force is an upward force resulting from an object being
5. Bouyant Force
wholly or partially immersed in a fluid

Archimedes’ Principle states that, “ When an object is immersed
6. Archimedes’ Principle in a fluid, the buoyant force on the object is equal in size to the
weight of fluid displaced by the object

Bernoulli’s principlestatesthat the pressure of a moving liquid
7. Bernoulli’s Principle
decreases as the speed of the fluid increases and vice versa


SBP 2012

Chapter 4: Heat

Temperature is the degree of hotness of an object /
1. Temperature
Amount of kinetic energy in an object
2. Heat Heat is the energy tranferred from hot to cold object

Two objects are said to be in thermal equilibrium when;
i) The rates of heat tansfer between the objects are
3. Thermal Equilibrium equal (net flow of heat between the two objects is
zero)
ii) The objects have the same temperature

Thermometric Property is the physical property of a substance
4. Thermometric Property which is sensitive and varies linearly with changes in temperature
of the material
5. Ice Point (Lower fixed
Ice point is the temperature of pure melting ice
pont)
6. Steam Point (Upper Steam point is the temperature of steam from water that is
fixed point) boiling under standard atmospheric pressure

Heat capacity of a body is the amount of heat that must be
7. Heat Capacity
supplied to increase its temperature by 1 oC

Specific Heat Capacity of a substance is the amount of heat
8. Specific Heat
that must be supplied to increase the temperature by 1 oC for a
Capacity
mass of 1 kg of the substance

Latent heat is the heat absorbed or heat released at a constant
9. Latent Heat
temperature during a change of phase

Specific Latent Heat of a substance is the amount of heat
10. Specific Latent Heat required to change the phase of 1 kg of the substance at a
constant temperature

Spesific Latent Heat of Fusion is the amount of heat required to
11. Spesific Latent Heat of
change the phase of 1 kg of the substance from solid to liquid
Fusion
phase at a constant temperature

Spesific Latent Heat of Fusion is the amount of heat required to
12. Spesific Latent Heat of
change the phase of 1 kg of the substance from liquid to
Vaporisation
gaseous phase at a constant temperature

Boyle’s Law states that for a fixed mass of gas, the pressure of
13. Boyle’s Law the gas is inversely proportional to its volume when the
temperature is kept constant

Charles’ Law states that for a fixed mass of gas, the volume of
14. Charles’ Law the gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature when
its pressure is kept constant

Pressure Law states that for a fixed mass of gas, the pressure of
15. Pressure Law the gas is directly proportional to its absolutev temperature
when the volume is kept constant


SBP 2012

Chapter 5: Light

1. Law of Reflection

i. The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal all lie in
the same plane
ii. The anle of incidence i, is equal to the angle of reflection, r

AO :Incident ray
ON :Normal
OB :Reflected ray
i :Angle of
incidence
r :Angle of
reflection
Reflection by a concave
mirror Parallel rays that strike the surface of a concave mirror will be
reflected and converge at the focal point, F outside the mirror

Centre of curvature, C of a curved mirror is the centre of the
sphere of the mirror

Radius of curvature. R is the distance between the the centre of
curvature, C and the pole of the mirror

Focal point is the point where parallel rays that strike the surface
of a concave mirror will be reflected and converge at the focal
point

Refraction of light is a light phenomenon which occurs when
2. Refraction of light light passes through two materials of different optical densities,
will change direction at the boundary between them.

Refractive Index, n of the medium is defined as the ratio of the
3. Refractive Index
speed of light in vacuum to the speed if light in the medium

i. The incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal all lie in
4. Law of Refraction and
the same plane
Snell’s Law
ii. The value of sin i is a constant (Snell’s Law)
sin r
Critical angle is the angle of incidence in an optically more
5. Critical Angle dense medium which results in angle of refraction of 90 o in an
optically less dense.
The Internal Reflection of light is the phenomenon when the
angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle and the light
not refracted anymore but internally reflected
6. Total Internal
Reflection The conditions for the occurrence of total internal reflection.
(1) The light ray must be travel from an optically denser
medium to less dense medium.
(2) The angle of incidence must be greater than the
critical angle.


SBP 2012

Chapter 6: Waves


Waves are carriers of energy. They transfer energy from one
1. Waves
location to another

Longitudinal Wave is a wave in which the vibration of particles in
2. Longitudinal Wave the medium is parallel to the direction of the propagation of the
wave

Transverse Wave is a wave in which the vibration of particles in
3. Transverse Wave the medium is perpendicular to the direction of propagation of
the wave

4. Wavefront In waves, lines joining all the points of the same phase

Wavelength of a wave is the distance between two adjacent
5. Wavelength
points of the same phase on a wave

Amplitude is the maximum displacement from its equilibrium
6. Amplitude
position

Frequency of a wave is the number of waves produced by a
7. Frequency
source in one second

The speed of the wave is the measurement of how fast a crest is
8. Wave speed
moving from its fixed point

The period of a wave is the time taken for an oscillation to
9. Period
complete one cycle

Forced Oscillation is the external force supplies energy to the
10. Forced Oscillation
system

Natural Frequency is the frequency of a system which oscillate
11. Natural Frequency
freely without the action of an external force

Resonance occurs when a system is made to oscillate at a
12. Resonance frequency equivalent to its natural frequency by an external
force

Diffraction of waves is the spreading of waves around corners
13. Diffraction and edges as waves pass through an opening or around an
obstacle along their paths

Coherent Waves are waves that have same frequency and
14. Coherent Waves
wavelength and in phase

15. Monochromatic Light Monochromatic Light is light with one colour/wavelength

16. Principle of Principle of Superposition states that when two waves interfered,
Superposition of the resulting displacement of the medium at any point is the
Waves algebraic sum of the displacements of the individual waves

17. Constructive Constructive interference occurs when a crest meets acrest and
interference when a trough meets a trough


SBP 2012


18. Destructive Destructive interference occurs when crests suoerposed with
interference troughs

Antinodal lines are lines joining places of constructive
19. Antinodal lines
interference

20. Nodal lines Nodal lines are line joining the places of destructive interference

Chapter 7: Electricity


Electric field is a region around a charged object which any
1. Electric Field
other charged body experience a force

Potential Difference, V between two points in a circuit is defined
2. Potential Difference as the amount of work done when a coulomb of charge passes
from one point to the other point

Ohm’s Law states that the current that passes through an ohmic
conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference
3. Ohm’s Law
applied accross it if the temperature and other physical
conditions are constant

Resistance, R of a conductor is the ratio of the potential
4. Resistance
difference, V to the current, I

5. Electromotive Force Electromotive Force (e.m.f) is defined as the work done by the
(e.m.f) source to move a coulomb of charge around a complete circuit

The internal resistance ,r is the resistance within a cell due to its
6. Internal Resistance
electrolyte and electrodes or source of electricity.

Chapter 8: Electromagnetism

Ferromagnetic materials are the materials attracted to the
1. Ferromagnetic
magnet. The examples of the ferromagnetic materials such as
materials
iron, nickel and cobalt

An electromagnet is a device in which magnetism is produced
2. Electromagnet by an electric current.
An electromagnet acts as a temporary magnet

A magnetic field is a region in which a magnetic material
3. Magnetic field experiences a force as the result of the present of a magnet or
a electromagnet


SBP 2012


4. The right -hand grip
rule. If a solenoid carrying a current is gripped with the right hand
and with the thumb pointing along the solenoid so that the
fingers curling round the solenoid in the direction of the current
and the thumb then points towards the north pole.

Fleming’s Left-hand Rule.

5. Fleming’s Left-hand
Rule.

Fleming’s Left-hand Rule states” If the thumb, first finger
(forefinger)and second finger of the left hand are held at right
angles to each other, then if the first finger (forefinger)represents
the direction of the magnetic field and the second represents
the direction of the current, then the thumb will represents the
direction of the motion”

Catapult field are the combinations field between

6. Catapult Field
(a) the magnetic field produced by the current and
(Resultant field)
magnetic field of the permanent magnet occurred.
Or
(b) the magnetic field produced by two current –carrying
conductors are placed close to each other
Electromagnetic induction is the production of induced current
7. Electromagnetic
or induced e.m.f. without using the power supplies but using the
induction
relative motion between a conductor or a magnet
Faraday’s law state that “ The magnitude of the induced
current or induced e.m.f. is directly proportional to the rate of
8. Faraday’s law
change of magnetic flux linkage with the solenoid or the rate at
which a conductor cuts through the magnetic flux.”

Lenz’s law state that” The direction of an induced current
9. Lenz’s law always flows in such as a direction so to oppose the change
which is causing it.”


SBP 2012

To determine the direction of the induced current in the
dynamo – Fleming’s Right-hand rule

10. Fleming’s Right-hand
rule

Fleming’s Right-hand Rule states” If the thumb, first finger
(forefinger)and second finger of the right hand are held at right
angles to each other, then if the first finger (forefinger)represents
the direction of the magnetic field and the thumb represents
the direction of the motion of the conductor , then the
second finger will represents the direction of the induced
current ”


SBP 2012

Chapter 9: Electronics

The emission of electrons from the surface of a heated metal or
heated metal cathode.
1. Thermionic Emission
The thermionic emission is a bit like electrons being evaporated
off from the hot wire

Cathode ray is a narrow beam of a fast electrons moving in a
2. Cathode Ray
vacuum

3. Semiconductor Semiconductors are materials which conduct electricity better
Materials than insulator, but no so well as ordinary conductors

Doping is a process of adding a small amount of impurities into
4. Doping
the pure crystal of semiconductor (intrinsic semiconductor)

A rectifier converts alternating current(a.c.) into direct
current(d.c).
5. Rectifier
The process of converting a.c. to d.c. is called rectification

A transistor is a semiconductor device capable of amplification
6. Transistor in addition to rectification.

An electronic circuit with a single output and one or more inputs
7. Logic Gate

Chapter 10: Radioactivity

Radioisotopes are unstable isotopes which decay and give out
1. Radioisotope
radioactive emissions

Radioactivity is the spontaneous disintegration of an unstable
2. Radioactivity nucleus into a more stable nucleus accompanied by the
emission of energetic particles (radioactive rays) or photons
4
3. - particles : Helium nucleus or 2 He
0
4. - particles : Fast moving electrons or 1 e
5. -rays Electromagnetic waves

The half-life of a radioactive material is the time taken for the
6. The half-life
activity of radioactive fall to half its original activity

Nuclear fission is the splitting of a heavy nucleus into two lighter
7. Nuclear fission nuclei, which subsequently emit either two or three neutrons and
release of large amounts of energy

Nuclear fusion is the combining of two lighter nuclei to form a
8. Nuclear fusion
heavier nucleus with the release of large amount of energy.


SBP 2012

SECTION II - COMMON MISTAKES AND MISCONCEPTIONS

A. Common Mistakes
1. Problem Solving (Quantitative) –the answer given:
i. FRACTION FORM
ii. without UNIT
2. Careless mistakes:
Example: Convert minute into hour - 30 minutes = 30 x 60 = 1800 hours

3. Conceptual question:
i. Giving the reason:
E.g. : The horizontal distance of the water spurting out in Diagram (b) is greater
because.....

ii. Giving the value when comparing two situations:
E.g. The boiling points of water is 100oC whereas the boiling point of
methylated spirit is 80oC

4. Understanding Question - Not systematic in explanation
5. Explanation without diagram / symbol / formula / graph.
6. Use the reason given in the question
7. Light topic; Draw the ray diagram without “arrow”
8. Cannot distinguish between Physical Quantity, Physics Instrument and Physics Unit
Examples:

Physical Quantity Physical quantity measured Physics Unit and symbol

Stop watch

voltmeter

thermometer

Bourdon gauge

Ammeter

9. Wrong Physics Term / Definition / Concept (Base on SBP Physics Trial Exams)

Examples:

Terms Common Mistake Correct Answer

[The type of energy
when the object is at P]
................................ Potential
a Energy
Potential energy


SBP 2012


Force acting on surface
area

Force/area .................................. force acting
b Pressure
on ...................... of surface area
A product of depth, density
and gravitational
acceleration

Pascal’s principle In a close container, force is In a close container......................
c
transmitted equally .........................................................
Heat absorbed to change
Latent heat of
d Heat absorbed to change .................... of liquid to gas
vaporization
by 1oC without ............................................
.........................................................

e Transfer from hot body to
Temperature
cold body

[Physics phenomena in
a prism]

....................................................
f Reflection

Critical angle is the ................
Critical angle is when the
.............. in ............................r
refracted angle is 90o
medium which produces when
g Critical angle Critical angle is the incident
the ................................. angle in
angle when the reflected
................................ medium is
angle is 90o
.........................

The image that formed The image that ..............................
h Virtual image
behind the lens ........................................................

The light that .................................
i Monochromatic light A colour of one light
.........................................................

…………………………..
Maximum point of the ....................................... of any
j Amplitude
highest displacement particle/oscillating system from
its …………………………………...


SBP 2012


The …………………………. for
k Period One complete oscillation any particle to make ………
………………….oscillation

...................................................
1000 W of energy is supplied ..................................................
Specification:
l when the power supplied is when connected to a .............
240 V, 1000 W
240 V. .......................... of .....................
..........................

When the current flow A .............................. which can
through magnet produce .......................................
j electromagnet
Is a combination of electric when ..............................................
and magnetic field .........................................................

k Beta particles Negative charge ................................ electron


SBP 2012

B. Misconceptians

Examples:
Num Misconceptions Correction

Oil is used in hydraulic jack because it has
1
higher boiling point

Snell’s law state that:

The sine of incident
2
angle Refractive
=
The sine of refracted index
angle

Container A Container B

water

3

The force exerted at X > the force exerted at Y
because smaller surface area (P = F /A)

To increase the efficiency of ac/dc
GENERATOR:
- Use more number of turns to produce
stronger magnetic field

The ship can float in sea water because the
buoyant force is bigger than the weight of the
ship


SBP 2012

C. Paper 3

1. Data Tabulation

Title - no unit
Content- not consistent

Example:

Common Mistake Correct Answer

Electric Current Voltage

0.1 0.5

0.12 1

0.14 1.5

2. Graph:

Label - x-axis & y-axis : no unit
Scale - Not uniform, odd
Plotting (x @ )- too small or too big
Line - not smooth, not balance
Size - small [< (8 cm x 8 cm)]

3. Gradient of the graph

Triangle - small [ < (8 cm x 8 cm)]
Final answer - no unit,
Written in fraction

4. Calculation
Final answer - no unit
written in fraction

5. Procedure

Repeat the experiment three times
Should state:
What:……………………………………………………………………………………………..……..
How : ……………………………………………………………………………………………..…….

6. Precaution

“Avoid parallax error”

Should state: What: …………………………………………………………………………………

How : …………………………………………………………………………………


SBP 2012

SECTION III– UNDERSTANDING - (Paper 2 Section B and C )

Question 1 [ Introduction to Physics ]
Explain the meaning of consistency and accuracy of a measuring instrument by using suitable examples
[ 4 marks ]

Question 2 [Forces and Motion]
Using the principle of conservation of momentum, explain the working principle of the rocket.
[4 marks]

Question 3 [Forces and Motion
Spring is widely used in suspension system of vehicles such as car and motorcycle. This is because of the
elasticity of the spring. Diagram below shows how a spring is used in suspension system of a car.

(i) What is meant by elasticity?
(ii) Explain how the forces between the molecules caused the elasticity when the spring is
compressed and stretched.
[4 marks]
Question 4 [Forces and Motion]
Diagram 4 shows a hovercraft starts from rest and accelerates until it achieves constant velocity after a
few seconds.

Diagram 4

(i) Sketch a velocity-time graph to show the motion of hovercraft.

(ii) Explain why the hovercraft moves with constant velocity in terms of the force acting on it

[4 marks]

Question 5 [Forces and Pressure]
Explain why the atmospheric pressure at higher altitude is lower compared to places at lower altitude.
[4 marks]


SBP 2012

Diagram shows a suction pump being used to lift a mirror that measured 1.5 m X 0.5 m X 0.01m . The
density of the mirror is 2.5 X 10 3 kg m-3 . The pump obeys atmospheric pressure principle to let the suction
pump stick onto surface of mirror.

Diagram 6

Explain how the suction pump can lift the mirror with the aid of atmospheric pressure.
[4 marks]


Diagram

(i) State Archimedes’ principle.

. [1 mark]

(ii) Explain why a weather balloon that is rising up in the air will stop at certain altitude

[4 marks]


SBP 2012

(a) Diagram shows a hydrometer.

Diagram
A hydrometer is used to measure density of liquid. Explain how a hydrometer functions.
[4 marks]

Question 9 [Heat]

(i) What is the meaning of thermal equilibrium? [1mark]
(ii) Explain, in terms of thermal equilibrium, how a thermometer which is placed into the boiling water reads
at the temperature of 100 ˚C.
[4marks]

Question 10 [Heat]
Using kinetic theory of gaseous, explain how the pressure increase when the temperature increase.
[4 marks]
Question 11 [Heat]
Diagram shows the phenomenon of sea breeze.

Diagram
Using the concept of specific heat capacity, explain how the phenomenon of sea breeze occurs.

[4 marks]


SBP 2012

Question 12 [Light]
Diagram shows the “superior mirage “ which occurs over cold water surface and snow.

Warm air Image of ship

Cool air

ship

Using physics concepts, explain why the observer can only see the image of the ship.
[4 marks]

Question 13 [Light]
Explain why a piece of paper burns when placed under a convex lens aimed towards hot sun rays.
[4 marks]

Question 14 [Waves]
Sonar technique can be used to determine the distance between two positions. Ultrasonic wave is used
in this technique.
(i) What is sonar?
[ 1 mark ]
(ii) Explain why using ultrasonic wave is better than just ordinary sound waves.
[ 2 marks ]
(iii) A marine researcher wants to use ultrasonic sound to determine the depth of the ocean bed.
Explain how he can do so.

[ 4 marks ]
Question 15 [Waves]
Explain why strong double-glazed glass is used as walls of the observation tower in an airport.
[4 marks]


SBP 2012

Question 17 [Electricity]
Explain the advantages of parallel circuit in a house wiring system
[4 marks]
Explain why the bulb connected to two dry cells lights up brighter than one bulb connected to one dry
cell.
[4 marks]
Question 19 [Electromagnetism]
Explain what happens to magnet P and magnet Q when the switch is on.

[4 marks]

Diagram shows a simple direct current electric motor.

Using the concept of the magnetic effect of an electric current, explain with the aid of diagrams how
forces are produced on a wire in the coil, as shown in the diagram above.

Diagram shows a circuit breaker. Explain how the circuit breaker works.
[ 4marks]


SBP 2012

(i) What is meant by ideal transformer?
[ 1 mark ]
(ii) Explain the working principle of a transformer.
[ 4 marks ]

Diagram shows the model of an electricity transmission system.

Transmission wire at 24 V a.c

Power stationn

Industry at 8 V a.c

House at 6 V a.c
Most of the electric energy that we are using come from hydroelectric and thermal power station. This
power station is connected to each other using cable to transmit electric energy to industries, office,
school and house. This system called National grid network.
State the form of energy transfer at hydroelectric power station.
Explain the importance of National grid network system in electricity transmission to consumers.


SBP 2012

Question 24 [Electronic]
Diagram shows a Cathode-Ray Oscilloscope.

Explain how the Cathode-Ray Oscilloscope can be used to measure the potential difference of a dry cell.
[ 4marks ]

Question 25 [Radioactivity]
Radioisotope Strontium-90 is used to measure the thickness of paper in a paper industry .Explain how
Strontium-90 is used to measure the thickness piece of paper?
[4 marks]

Radioisotopes can be used as tracers to detect leaks from pipes underground. Diagram 12.1 shows a leak
that occurred in an underground water pipe.

(a) What is meant by radioisotopes?
[ 1 mark ]
(b) With the aid of diagram, explain how radioisotopes can be used to detect the location of the
leakage as shown in Diagram.
[ 3 marks ]
The following equation shows a fission reaction of Uranium-235.

Nuclear fission produces a chain reaction.
Describe how the chain reaction occurs in a nuclear fission of an atom of Uranium- 235.
[4 marks]


SBP 2012

SECTION IV – DECISION MAKING (Paper 2 Section A – Question 8; Section C )

Question 1 [Force and Pressure]
Table 1 shows the characteristics of four structures of ship P, Q, R, and S.

Volume of the air
Structure of Strength Of the Ship Base Cross
Shape space in the ship
ships metal used section area

U Streamlined High Wide High

V Oval Low Wide High

W Circle High Small Low

X Streamlined Low Small Low

Table 1

As a researcher in a ship manufacturing company, you are assigned to study the structure used to make
the ship to support heavy cargoes.
You are given four choices of the structures P, Q, R and S. The table above shows the structures of the ship.
Explain the suitable characteristics of the structure to be used to make the ship.
Determine the most suitable structure to be used to make the ship to support heavy cargoes.
Give reasons for your choice.
[10 marks]

At National Water Rocket competition, the winner is supposed to design a water rocket which can be
launched to a higher altitude, further distance and take the longest time to land.
You are asked to investigate the characteristics of the water rockets in thediagram 11.2 and determine
the best rocket to use in the competition. Give reasons for your choice.

P

Q


SBP 2012

R

S

T

[10 marks]


Diagram 3 shows four racing motorcycles, P, Q, R and S, with different specifications. You are required
to determine the most suitable motorcycle to move fast and safe when racing.

Study the specifications of all the four motorcycles from the following aspects:

Explain the suitability of the aspects.

Justify your choice.

Racing bike A
Type of brake : without ABS
Mass : 205.0 kg


SBP 2012

Racing bike B
Type of brake : without ABS
Mass : 220.0 kg

Racing bike C
Type of brake : ABS
(Antilock Brake System)
Mass : 208.0 kg

Racing bike D
Type of brake : ABS
(Antilock Brake System)
Mass : 242.0 kg

Diagram 3
[10 marks]

Diagram 4 shows the parts of brake systems car.

Brake pads
Brake pedal

Brake fluid

Brake disc

Diagram 4

Table 4 shows the specifications of components that can be used in brake systems , P,Q,R, S and T.

Based on Table 4;You are required to determine the most suitable brake system and explain the
suitability of the aspects in Table 4


SBP 2012

Specifications of components in a car brake system
Brake Specific heat capacity Melting point The material
Compression of
system of brake disc of brake disc use of brake
brake fluid
J kg-10 C-1 0C pads
ceramics
P 360 930 Difficult

Q 2400 1220 Difficult steel

R 890 580 Easy ceramics

S 2210 1940 Difficult ceramics
steel
T 1460 2070 Easy

Table 4

[10 marks]

You are asked to investigate the characteristics of each backhoes in table 11 and choose a backhoe
that can do heavy works, an example of a backhoe is shown in diagram 11.2. Explain the suitability of
the characteristics each backhoes. Determine the most suitable backhoe. Give reason for your choice

Characteristics of Backhoe
Type of
Backhoe Fluids used in Centre of
Size of tyre Mass Base area
hydraulic system gravity

M Large Liquid Large Large Low

N Large Liquid Small Large Low

P Large Gas Large Small High

Q Medium Liquid Large Medium Low

R Large Liquid Large Medium High

Table 11


SBP 2012

[10 marks]

You are requested to choose a suitable wing to be installed with the body of the aircraft. By referring to
the information given in Table 11.1, explain the suitability of each characteristic and suggest the most
suitable wing to be installed with the body of the aircraft.

Design Shape of cross section of wing Area of Density of Difference in
wing/m2 wing material speed of air
/ kg m-3 above and
below the wing
/ m s-1

P 40.0 2100 10.0

Q 41.5 2300 0.0

R
42.5 2000 0.0

S 38.2 2050 8.0

Table 11.1 shows the characteristic of four designs of the aircraft wings.

[10 marks]


SBP 2012

Diagram 11.5 shows a hot air balloon.

Balloon

Basket

Diagram 11.5

Table 11.1 shows four hot air balloon with different specifications.

Volume of the
Material used for Material used for Temperature of air
balloon
Hot air balloon the balloon the basket inside the balloon
(envelope)

J 560 m3 Nylon Aluminium 500C
Rattan
K 2800 m3 Nylon 990C

L 4 m3 Cotton Aluminium 500 C
Rattan
M 25 m3 Cotton 1200 C

Table 11.1

You are required to determine the most suitable hot air balloon which can travel at higher
altitude. Explain the suitability of each of the characteristic of the balloon. Choose the most
suitable balloon and justify your choice.
[10 marks]

As a researcher you are assigned to investigate the characteristics of four types of liquid that are
suitable to be used as a coolant for a car engine.
Table 5 shows the characteristics of the liquids.

character Boiling point Viscosity Specific heat Ability to react
istics / oC Capacity / J with metals
kg-1 C-1 .
Liquid
J 121 High 5500 High

K 128 Low 4750 Low

L 210 High 1195 Low

M 101 Low 3588 medium

Table 5


SBP 2012

(i) Explain the suitability of the characteristics of the liquid to be used as a coolant for the car engine.
(ii) Determine the most suitable liquid to be used and give a reason for your choice.
[10 marks]
Question 9 [Light]

Diagram 6 shows an astronomical telescope consist of objective lens and eye piece. An astronomical
telescope is used to view very large objects like moon.

Diagram 6

Table 7 shows the characteristics of four different simple astronomical telescopes.

focal length of The distance
Type of Objective Diameter of the
Telescope objective of, f between two
o
lens objective lens /cm
/cm lenses / D
S Convex 40 D <fo+fe 5.0
T Concave 10 D >fo+fe 5.0
U Convex 10 D <fo+fe 2.5
V Concave 40 D >fo+fe 2.5

Table 6
Explain the suitability of each characteristicof the telescope and determine the most suitable telescope
to be used to observe very far object. Give reason for your choice.
[10 marks]


SBP 2012

Question 10 [Electricity]]

Table 12.1 shows four heating elements F, G, H and J with different specifications. Three identical eating
panels are needed to be fixed on three sides of an electric dryer.

Heating Diameter Type of heating panel Arrangement Melting
element of wire of heating point
panels

Thick Parallel circuit Low
F

Straight wire

Thin Parallel circuit High
G

Coil wire

Thin Series circuit High
H

Straight wire

High
Thick Parallel circuit
J

coil wire

Table 12.1

You are required to determine the most suitable heating element that can produce highest
amount of heat faster.
Study the specifications of all the four heating elements based on the following aspects:
(i) Diameter of the wire.
(ii) Type of heating panel
(iii) Arrangement of three heating panels.
(iv) Melting point of the wire.
Explain the suitability of each aspects and then determine the most suitable heating
element.
Give a reason of your choice.
[10 marks]


Question [Electromagnet]

Diagram 12.2 shows four types of moving coil ammeter, R, S, T and U to measure small direct current.
You are required to determine the most suitable moving coil ammeter to measure the small direct
current effectively.


SBP 2012

Moving coil
ammeter R

Moving coil
ammeter S


SBP 2012

Moving coil
ammeter T

Moving coil
ammeter U

Diagram 12.2
You are required to determine the most suitable moving coil ammeter to measure small direct
current effectively.
Study the specification of all the four moving coil ammeters based on the following aspects:
(i). The shape of the permanent magnet and core [2 marks]
(ii). The material of the core [2 marks]
(iii) The stiffness of the hair spring [ 2 marks]
(iv) The type of scale of the ammeter [2 marks]


SBP 2012

Explain the suitability of each aspect and then determine the most suitable moving coil
ammeter. Give a reason for your choice.
[2 marks]

The transmission of electricity over the National Grid Network uses high voltage cables. You are assigned
to study the characteristics of cables which could be used as transmission cable. Table 7 shows the
characteristics of four transmission cables.

Rate of
Cable Resistivity /Ωm-1 Density / kg m-3
oxidation Rate of thermal expansion

High
P 3.0 x l0-7 5 x l05 Low
Low
Q 1.8 x l0-8 2 x l03 Low
Medium
R 7.5 x l0-7 8 x l02 High
High
S 7.0 x l0-8 4 x l03 Medium

Table 7

Based on the table 7;

(i) Explain the suitability of the characteristics of the cables to be used as transmission cable.
(ii) Determine the most suitable transmission cable to be used and give reasons for your choice.

[10 marks]


SBP 2012

Question 13 [Electronic/electromagnetism]

You are asked to investigate the design and the characteristics of four alternating current generators
shown in Table 8. Explain the suitability of each characteristic of the alternating current generators and
determine the alternating current generator which can supply a large direct current to an electrical
component X shown in Diagram 8.

x

Diagram 8

Density of Rectification circuit
Frequency of
Generator the coil / kg
rotation
m–3

G 9200 High

11600
H Medium

High
I 8960

J 10500 Medium

[10 marks]


SBP 2012

Question 14 [Electronic]

As a research engineer in a factory, you are asked to investigate the characteristics of several
substances in order to produce p-type or n-type to produce semiconductor diode.

Table 9 shows the characteristics of five semiconductors P, Q, R, S and T

Size of the doping atom compared
Electron Valens of
Semiconductor Electron Valens of with the size of the atom relative to
intrinsic
doping substance intrinsic semiconductor atom
semiconductor

P 2
5 Big

Q Small
4 5

Small
R 3 4

Almost the same
S 5 2

3
T 4 Almost the same

Table 9

Explain the suitability of the characteristics of the semiconductor P, Q, R, S and T to be used in the
production of a semiconductor diode. Give reasons for your choice

Which type of intrinsic semiconductor below is the most suitable to be used. Give your reason for your
answer.

Type of intrinsic
semiconductor
Silicon

Germanium

[ 10 marks]



As a researcher, you are assigned to investigate the characteristics of radioactive substances with to
be used for the treatment of cancer.
Table 10 shows radioactive rays directed towards the cancer cells in a patient’s brain.

Ionizing power
Radioactive Type of radiation Half-life State of matter

J Beta 6 hours Liquid High

K Gamma 1620 years Solid Low

L Gamma 5 years Solid Low

M Beta 15 days Liquid High

Table 10

(i) Based on Table 10, explain the suitable properties of the radioactive substances for use to kill
cancer cells in patients brains.
(ii) Determine which radioactive substance is the most suitable for the treatment of cancer cells in a
patient and give your reasons.
[10 marks]

39
X A-Plus Physics Module 2012

X A-PLUS 2012

SECTION V– CONCEPTUALIZATION (Paper 2 Section A – Question 5/6; Section B )


Diagram 1(a) and Diagram 1(b) show two solid spheres A and B with different density placed in the water.

Diagram 1(a) Diagram 1 (b)

Based on Diagram 1(a) and Diagram 1(b),
(i) compare the density of sphere A and sphere B. [ 1 mark ]
(ii) compare the weight of sphere A and sphere B [ 1 mark ]
(iii) compare the weight of water displaced by sphere A and sphere B [ 1 mark ]
(iv) relate the weight of sphere and the weight of water displaced [ 1 mark ]
(v) relate the weight of water displaced and upthrust [ 1 mark ]


A fisherman finds that his boat is at different levels in the sea and in the river, although the boat carries the
same load. The density of sea water and river water is 1025 kg m-3 and 1000 kg m-3 respectively.

In the sea In the river

DIAGRAM 2(a) DIAGRAM 2(b)

Diagram 2(a) and Diagram 2(b) illustrate the situation of the boat in the sea and in the river.
(a) What is meant by density? [1 mark]
(b) Based on Diagram 2(a) and Diagram 2(b)
(i) Compare the level of the boat in the sea water and in the river water. [1 mark]
(ii) Compare the volume of water displaced by the boat in the sea and in the river. [1 mark]
(iii) Compare the density of sea water and river w [1 mark]
(c) (i) Relate the volume of water displaced to the density of water. [1 mark]
(ii) Deduce relationship between weight of the boat and the weight of the water
displaced. [1 mark]
(d) Name the physics principle that explains the situation above. [1 mark]

X A-Plus Physics Module 2012 40

X A-PLUS 2012

Question 3 [Heat]

Diagram 3(a) shows a balloon filled with air attached to a test tube before and after the test tube is
heated.

Diagram 3(b) shows a pingpong ball before and after it is poured with boiled water.

(i) (ii)
Diagram 3(a)

(i) (ii)

Diagram 3(b)

(a) (i) Observe Diagram 3(a) and Diagram 3(b).State two similarities about the air inside the balloon and
ping pong ball. [2 marks]
(ii) Compare the mass of air in Diagram 3(a)(i) with Diagram 3(a)(ii); and Diagram 3(b)(i) with Diagram
3(b)(ii). [1 mark]
(b) (i) Based on your observation in Diagram 3(a) and Diagram 3(b), state the relationship between
the physical quantities in (a) (i). [1 mark]
(ii) Name physics law involved in (b)(i). [1 mark]
(iii) Using observation in Diagram 3(a) and Diagram 3(b), explain the physics law stated in b(ii)
using kinetic theory of matter. [3 marks]


X A-PLUS 2012

Question 4 [Wave]

Diagram 4.1 shows the pattern of the water wave after passing through a gap.
The experiment was repeated with different wavelength of waterpassing through the same gap. The wave
pattern is as shown in Diagram 4.2.

Diagram 4.1 Diagram 4.2

(a) What is wavelength? [1 mark ]
(b) Based on Diagram 4.1 and Diagram 4.2, compare
(i) the wavelength before passing through the gap
(ii) the wavelength before and after passing through the gap
[2 marks]
(c) Compare the wave pattern in Diagram 4.1 and Diagram 4.2 after the wave passed through the
gap. [1 mark]

(d) Based on your answers in ( b) and (c), state the relationship between the wavelength and the
wave pattern after passing through the gap. [1 mark]
(e) Name the wave phenomenon which occurs in Diagrams 4.1 and 4.2. [1 mark]


Diagram 5.1 shows a bar magnet with northpole at point P and Diagram 5.2 shows a bar magnet with
south pole at point Q which are moved towards the solenoid to produce current.

DIAGRAM 5.1 DIAGRAM 5.2


X A-PLUS 2012

a) Observe the diagrams and state two differences between them. [2 marks]

b) What is the polarity of the solenoid at point P and Q when the magnet is moved towards the
solenoid?
P : …………………………… Q : ………………………… [2 marks]

c) What is the relationship between the number of turns and the magnitude of induced current?
[1mark]
d) Name the law involved in (c). [1mark]

e) Suggest another method to increase the deflection of the pointer. [1mark]

f) State an instrument that uses the application of induced current. [1mark]

Question 6 [Force and Motion]

Diagrams 6.1 and 6.2 show a load is being lift up.

Ground Ground


(a) What is gravitational potential energy? [1mark]
(b) Based on Diagrams 6.1 and 6.2 , compare the position of the loadafter being lifted up, the
gravitational potential energy and the work done.
State the relationship between
- the position of the load and the work done in lifting the load.
- The gravitational potential energy and the work done
[5marks]


X A-PLUS 2012

Question 7 [Force and Motion]
Diagram 7shows a 50 sen coin and a leaf falling in a vacuum container. The coin is heavier than the leaf.

Diagram 7

Using the diagram shown and the information given about the weight of the two objects, compare the
mass of the coin and the leaf, the time taken to fall, the falling position of the coin and the leaf,the
gravitational acceleration of the coins and the leaf. Deduce the relationship between the mass and the
gravitational acceleration of falling object.
[5 marks]


Diagram 8(a), Diagram 8(b) and Diagram 8(c) show a rock being hung on a spring balance in the air,
immersed in water and cooking oil respectively. The reading of the spring balance for each situation is as
shown in Diagram 8.

Diagram 8

Using Diagram 8(a), Diagram 8(b) and Diagram 8(c), compare the spring balance reading, the weight lost
of the rock and the density of the water and the cooking oil.
Relate the weight lost and the density to deduce a relevant physics concept.
[5 marks]


X A-PLUS 2012


Diagram 9(a) shows a hot air balloon carry up the loads at a certain height in the morning and Diagram
9(b) shows the same hot air balloon carry up the loads at a certain height in the afternoon. The hot air
balloon used helium gas at the same temperature in both situations.

Diagram 9

Using Diagrams 9(a) and 9(b), compare the density of the air, the load that can be carried up by the hot
air balloon and the height of the hot air balloon from the ground.
Relate the buoyant force with the density of the air to make a deduction regarding the relationship
between the density of the air and the weight of the load carried by the hot air balloon.
[5 marks]


Diagram10.1, Diagram10.2and Diagram10.3 show a fisherman pulling the fishing net out of the river. In
Diagram10.1, the fisherman finds it easy to pull up the fishing net while most of the fish is in the water.
However as more and more of the net is out of the water it gets harder to pull up the net as shown in
Diagrams10.2 and 10.3.

Diagram 10.1 Diagram 10.2 Diagram 10.3


X A-PLUS 2012

Using Diagrams10.1, 10.2 and 10.3, compare the mass of the fishand the volume of the fishing net
immersed in the water.

Relate the weight of water displaced with the amount of force required to lift the net and the buoyant
force, and deduce a relevant physics concept.

[5 marks]

Question 11 [Light]

Diagram 11(a) and Diagram 11(b) show two rectangular glass blocks with different optical density and
refractive index. Ray of light is directed toward the glass blocks with the same angle of incidence 30°.

Density = 2600 kgm-3 Density = 2670 kgm-3

Diagram 11(a) Diagram 11(b)

Based on Diagram 11(a) and Diagram 11(b), compare the density, the refractive index and the angle of
refraction of the glass blocks. Relate
- the angle of refraction, r and the density of the glass blocks.
- relate the angle of refraction, r and the refractive index of the glass blocks
[5 marks]

Question 12 [Light]

Diagram 12.1 and Diagram 12.2 show the parallel rays of light directed towards the convex lenses J and K.
Both the lenses produce real images. F is the focal point for each lens.



X A-PLUS 2012

With reference to Diagram 12.1 and Diagram 12.2, compare the thickness of the lenses, the effects it has
on the refracted rays, and the focal length of the lens.Relate the thickness of the lens with the effect on the
refracted ray, to deduce a relationship between the thickness of the lens and the focal length.

[5 marks]

Question 13 [Wave]

Diagram 13.1 (a) and Diagram 13.2(a) show the apparatus set-up for a Young’s double-slit experiment, to
determine the wavelength of a monochromatic light. Diagram 13.1(b) and Diagram 13.2(b) show the
fringes formed on the screen for each situation.

Using the diagrams given, compare the distance between the double-slit and the screen, the distance
between two successive bright fringes, the number of fringes and the width of fringes.
Deduce the relationship between the distance between the double-slit and the screen, and the distance
between two successive bright fringes.
[5 marks]

Question 14 [Waves]

Diagram 14(a) and 14(b) show vibration of different thickness of guitar string.

Diagram 14(a)


X A-PLUS 2012

Diagram 14(b)

When microphone is used to detect the sound waves of each guitar string, the traces displayed on the
oscilloscopes as shown in the diagrams.
(i) Using Diagram 14(a) and 14(b), compare the number of oscillations, amplitude of wave and
diameter of Guitar string.
(ii) State the relationship between the frequency of sound wave and
-diameter of the string
-pitch of the sound

[5 marks]


Diagram 15.1 and 15.2 show two identical resistors with resistance R connected to the ammeter, voltmeter,
switch and batteries in different ways.

DIAGRAM 11.2

When the switch is on, the ammeter and the voltmeter show a reading. Based on Diagram 15.1 and
Diagram 15.2, compare the type of circuit connection, the reading of ammeter, the reading of voltmeter
and the effective resistance of the circuit.

Relate the current flows in a circuit with the effective resistance to make a deduction regarding the
relationship between type of a circuit connection and the effective resistance.

[6 marks]


X A-PLUS 2012


Diagram 16(a) and Diagram 16(b) show the relative motion between the magnet and solenoid. The ends
of the coils are connected to a zero centre galvanometer.

Diagram 16(a) Diagram 16(b)

Using Diagram 16(a) and Diagram 16(b),
(i) compare the direction of the movement of the magnet
(ii) compare the deflection of the galvanometer pointer
(iii) Relate the movement of the magnet, the polarity at the top of the coil and the force acting on
the magnet to explain a relevant physics law.
[5 marks]

Question 17 [Electronics]

Diagram 17.1 and Diagram 17.2 show a bulb is connected to a diode and a dry cell.


Observe Diagram 17.1 and Diagram 17.2. Compare the condition of the two bulbs, the connection of the
diode. Relate the diode connection with

- the condition of the bulbs, and
- the current flow through the diode

Deduce a relevant physics concept.

[ 4 marks]


X A-PLUS 2012


Table 18.1 shows a reaction equation and the total mass of atom before and after nuclear fission.

Nuclear Fission

Before Reaction After Reaction
239 1 141 97
Chemical Equation 94 𝑃𝑢 + 0 𝑛 56 𝐵𝑎 + 38 𝑆𝑟 + 2 1 𝑛 + 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦
0

Total mass of atom 240.06082 a.m.u 239.85830 a.m.u
TABLE 18.1

Table 18.2 shows reaction equation and the total mass of atom before and after nuclear fusion.

Nuclear Fusion

Before reaction After reaction

2 3 4 1
Chemical Equation 1 𝐻+ 1 𝐻 2 𝐻𝑒 + 0 𝑛 + 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦
Total mass of atom 5.03013 a.m.u 5.01043 a.m.u
TABLE 18.2

Using the information in Table 18.1 and 18.2 only, compare the process of nuclear fission and nuclear
fusion,total mass of atombefore and after the reaction, and then relate the relationship between mass
and energy released.

[ 5 marks ]


Diagram 19(a) and Diagram 19(b) show the activities of two radioactive sources P and Q.

DIAGRAM 19(a) DIAGRAM 19(b)


Perfect score module 2012

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Sekolah Menengah Agama Sains Kuala Pilah (SMASKP)

More from Sekolah Menengah Agama Sains Kuala Pilah (SMASKP) (7)

Perfect score module 2012