Comparing conditional probabilities would yield the correct conclusion about whether women were given priority over men in accessing lifeboats from a sinking ship. Specifically, comparing p(survived|female) to p(survived|male), where a higher probability of surviving given being female would indicate women received priority access to lifeboats. The other approaches may not fully account for differences in the original populations.

1. You are likely familiar with the expression, Women and children first. Imagine having this kind of
data for a ship sinking (not necessarily the Titanic) and a researcher is interested in using the data
to support or refute the case that women were given priority over men, for example, in terms of
access to lifeboats. Which of the following approaches will yield the correct conclusion in all
cases?
Select all that apply.
Compare the number of females who survived with the number of males who survived. If more
females survived we can conclude women were given priority.
Compare p(female|survived) with p(male|survived). If p(female|survived) > p(male|survived) we
can conclude that women were given priority.
Compare p(survived and female) with p(survived and male). If p(survived and female) > p(survived
and male) we can conclude women were given priority.
Compare p(survived|female) with p(survived|male). If p(survived|female) > p(survived|male) we
can conclude that women were given priority.