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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and carotid atherosclerosis in children
- 1. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Children Lucia Pacifico, Vito Cantisani, Paolo Ricci, John F. Osborn, Elisa Schiavo, Caterina Anania, Eva Ferrara, Giuliano Dvisic, and Claudio Chiesa Departments of Pediatrics, Radiology, and Public Health Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome; National Research Council, Rome, Italy Pacifico L, et al. Pediatr Res 2008; vol. 63, April issue. Epud ahead of print January 24, 2008
- 7. RESULTS Values are means (95% confidence intervals) <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.16 0.50 0.89 P 69 ( 68-70) 73 (72-74) Diastolic BP mmHg 106 (104-108) 115 (109-120) Systolic BP mmHg -0.04 (-0.39-0.29) 1.92 (1.78-2.07) SD score-BMI 17.5 (16.6-18.4) 24.7 (23.8-25.7) BMI- kg/m 2 10 (33.3) 17 (27.4) Prepubertal stage: 14 (46.6) 34 (54.8) Gender – Male (%) 10.1 (8.8-11.3) 10.0 (9.4-10.7) Age - years Controls Obese children
- 8. RESULTS Values are geometric means (95% confidence intervals) <0.01 17 (15-19) 35 (28-42) ALT <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.01 <0.01 <0.0001 0.51 <0.05 0.67 <0.01 P 75 (65-87) 105 (90-123) Triglycerides mg/dL 144 (131-157) 146 (123-162) Total cholesterol mg/dL 0.39 (0.35-0.43) 0.49 (0.46-0.52) Mean IMT mm 0.40 (0.36-0.43) 0.53 (0.50-0.56) Maximum IMT mm 1.8 (1.5-2.1) 3 (2.4-3.7) HOMA-IR 8.2 (7.0-9.6) 13.7 (11.2-16.7) Insulin μ U/mL 6 (4.8-7.5) 17 (14.6-20) Leptin ng/dL 12.2 (10.0-14.9) 11 (9.6-12.8) Adiponectin ng/mL 42 (40-45) 38 (36-40) HDL mg/dL Controls Obese children
- 9. RESULTS Obese children 46,7% Values are means (95% confidence intervals) The diagnosis of NAFLD was based on ultrasoun scan 0.09 <0.01 0.81 0.24 0.90 0.56 0.59 P 110 (108-113) 115 (112-118) Systolic BP mmHg 72 (71-74) 74 (72-76) Diastolic BP mmHg 10 (9.0-11.0)) 10.4 (9.5-11.4) Age - years 19 (57.5) 15 (51.7) Gender – Male (%) 10 (30.3) 7 (24.1) Prepubertal stage 24.3 (23.0-25.6) 25.4 (24.2-26.5) BMI- kg/m 2 1.91 (1.67-2.15) 1.95 (1.82-2.07) SD score-BMI no NAFLD NAFLD
- 10. RESULTS Obese children 46,7% Values are geometric means (95% confidence intervals) <0.01 <0.01 <0.05 0.43 <0.05 <0.05 0.31 0.28 0.48 <0.0001 P 22 (18-27) 52 (39-65) ALT 99 (75-130) 108 (91-134) Triglycerides mg/dL 125 (93-167) 152 (132–174) Total cholesterol mg/dL 39 (37-42) 37 (34-40) HDL mg/dL 0.45 (0.42–0.48) 0.54 (0.50–0.58) Mean IMT m. 0.49 (0.46-0.52) 0.58 (0.54–0.62) Maximum IMT m. 12.7 (10.6–15.1) 9.3 (7.4–11.7) Adiponectin ng/mL 16.1 (12.9–20.2) 18.3 (14.4–23.4) Leptin ng/mL 2.5 (1.9–3.3) 4 (2.8–5.5) HOMA-IR 11 (8.8–14.7) 17.3 (12.6-23.7) Insulin μ U/mL no NAFLD NAFLD
- 11. RESULTS Variables independently associated with carotid IMT in obese children: * Results of a stepwise linear regression analysis started with the following independent variables: age, gender, pubertal stage, BMI, fat mass, systolic and diastolic BP, total and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, HOMA-IR values, adiponectin and leptin levels. <0.01 <0.0001 P 1.022-1.084 1.041-1.119 95% CI for e b e b Coefficient, b Independent variable 1.083 0.080 Fatty liver severity score 1.053 0.053 Tanner stage Stepwise regression analysis*