SHYAM GIRJESHKUMAR MISHRA
roll.no 33 (hm)
Sub : cpi
Submitted to : DR HIMANSHU SANGHVI SIR
Project report on invention of pencil

AGENDA
Introduction
History Of Pencil
Conrad GesnerAnd His Pencil
Nicholas Jacques Conte
Pencil Manufacturing
Types Of Pencil
Grading And Classification Of Pencils
Conclusion
References

PENCIL:
A pencil is a writing implement or art
medium constructed of a narrow,
solid pigment core inside a protective casing
which prevents the core from being broken or
leaving markson the user’s hand during use.

HISTORY OF PENCIL
1564- This is where the story of the graphite pencil
begins.
The first pencil was invented by “Conrad Gesner”.
The Gesnerpencil wascalled as “lead pencils”.
This "Gesner pencil" has a special history because
some people believe itwas used by Shakespeare.
In Gesner pencil they use only pure graphite, so it is
verydifficult to use, because thegraphitewasverysoft
When people handle this pencil itwill be broken.

CONRAD GESNER AND HIS PENCIL

In 1795, Nicholas-Jacques Conte of France
discovered the process of mixing graphite with
clay.
This mixture was then placed in a kiln fire,
which produced a superiorwriting material.
After the kiln fire, strips were cut and placed
intowood.

Nicholas-Jacques Conte

Pencil Manufacturing
The topsequence
shows the old
method that
required pieces of
graphite to becut to
size;
the lower
sequence is the new,
current method
using rods of
graphiteand clay
.

MANUFACTURE
 The pencil isactually a mixof finelygrinded graphiteand
clay powders.
 Before the two substances are mixed, theyare separately
cleaned and dried in a manner that creates large square
cakes.
 Once thecakes have fullydried, thegraphiteand theclay
squaresare mixed togetherusing water.
 Theamount of clay and graphitedecides the pencil hardness
 And theamount of timespent on grinding the mixture
determines thequalityof the lead.
 The mixture is then shaped, cut, and then tempered in
a kiln.
 The resulting stringsaredipped in oil or molten wax, this
final process used forsmooth writing abilityof the pencil.

Types Of Pencil
By marking material:-
Graphitepencils
Solid graphitepencils
Charcoal pencils
Carbonpencils
Colored pencils, orpencil crayons
Greasepencils
Watercolorpencils
Erasablecolorpencils

SHAPE & SIZE
SHAPE:-
Triangular
Hexagonal
Round
Bendable (flexible plastic)
SIZE:-
Typical(19 cm[7.5inch])
Biggest[(23 m) long]it is world record.

BY MANUFACTURE
Mechanical Pencils
Plastic Pencils Pop a Point Pencils

ERASER ATTACHED PENCILS
On 30 March 1858, the first patent
was introduced.
Forattaching an eraser to theend
of a pencil.

Grading and Classification
 H ("hardness")
B ("blackness")
 F ("fineness")
The standard
writing pencil is
graded HB.

Smart pencil
Technology has become very smart that they
have created a smart pencil
which is used in computers, smartphones, etc
electronic gadgets

CONCLUSION
Pencilsare so useful and socommon in ourdaily lives
Pencils trulyare oneof thegreatest technological
inventionsof all-time.
One pencil has the potential todraw a line 35 miles
long, write an average of 45,000 words, absorb 17
sharpening, delete itsown errors.

THANKYOU……