1. Human life is priceless. It’s something which money can’t buy. Hindu mythology says that one
actually gets life as a human on the basis of deeds done in the past. Religion says that we have
been granted (or gifted) human life by God. But my question to God is “When he is the one
granting us life, why does he take it?” Alas! I never realised that the answer was so simple.
Putting it in Steve Jobs’ words I can say “Remembering that I’ll be dead soon is the most
important tool I’ve ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost
everything — all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure - these
things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that
you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to
lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.”
Now technology has changed the face of the world. Technology has helped us to predict natural
disasters. Indirectly, one could say that humans have learnt to cheat Gods’ systems through
technology! Yet, the Tsunami which occurred in the year 2004 in the south-eastern part of the
Asia heavily damaged the south-eastern countries like Indonesia, Singapore, and Thailand and is
a stark reminder of how wrong we are when we think so. Humans have developed technologies
for all sorts of things. One could use a private jet to go from New York to Tokyo for dinner yet
we don’t have any efficient way of helping people in calamities. In this paper I intend to make a
prototype for a biplane that could act as an amphibious helicopter as well as an airplane
increasing its scope to go into the areas where it would otherwise be tough at times of calamaties.
The backbone of the plane i.e. the engines are chosen to be radial engines. These engines are
generally used to generate large amount of power, similar to those such as jets, helicopters,
choppers etc. These engines are similar to reciprocating engines, in which the combustion
cylinders point outwardly, from one point, and the crankshaft in the centre, is joint to the
pistons and hence translates the linear motion of the pistons, together, to a rotatory
motions, which can then be directly, with the help of gears, transferred to the propellers of
the amphibious tiltrotor.
The details about the structure of the amphibious tiltrotor are as follows-
Length= 20.2m
Wing span= 16.1m
Wing area= 30 m2
Hull area= 250 m2
Total volume of the plane= 2,500 m3
Disk area= 300 m2
Rotor diameter= 40 ft
Crew= 2(pilot, co-pilot)
Radial engines can generate huge amounts of power. There are in total 2 radial engines. Each
being 10,000 HP that in total will generate 20,000hp. This will be distributed as follows-
• 10,000 will be given to the left propeller, which is on the wings of the plane.
• 10,000 will be given to the right propeller, which is on the right wing of the plane.
The details of the engines are as follows-
(Both the engines are the same)

2. RADIAL 112 Cylinder Series (2x 56 Cylinder combined):
Engine Model- BM507A-2
Fuel stop power- 7360kW @ 2000RPM (10000HP)
Dimensions LxWxH (mm) - 7000x1820x2490
Dry weight (kg) - 17100
Total weight (kg) (approx) 34200
The engines are Four-stroke, supercharged & turbocharged, with heptagonal radial scheme,
B=160mm, S=170mm for extra power which might be required due to the high winds of
gale speed.
The 56 Cylinder Series has a low fuel consumption of 225 g/kWh. But this will have
consumption, twice of that, as it is 2x56 Cylinder Series.
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Hydraulic Systems
The hydraulic systems would be used for changing the alignment of the engines for the purpose
of running the aircraft.
The hydraulic systems are also used in the following things(Ref 1)
o Retraction and extension of landing gear
o Shock absorption systems and valve lifter systems
o Dive, landing, speed and flap brakes
o The ailerons
o Spoilers
o Rudders
o Some other minute parts for the purpose of manoeuvre
Ref 1- sourced from http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aerojava/Hydr01.htm
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Propellers-
The rotorcraft has two set of propellers. One set on each wing. The propeller fan has two spokes
on it. The rotorcraft, in order to be strong, has its propellers made up of Nibral. The reason
Nibral was chosen was due to its strength and durability. Also, it’s lightweight thus decreasing
the gross weight of the aircraft. Its melting point is roughly around 1930º F (1054º C) which
makes it suitable for the plane. An anti-torque fan just the same, as found in helicopters etc is
found in this also. The size of this fan is not as large as the main propellers. These are also
made out of Nibral, same as the main propellers. The motor is an electric motor, for the
same. This anti-torque rotor is to make the plane more stable, during windy conditions.
Changing directions in this is very easy, due to the side propellers. One of the propeller’s

3. speeds can be decreased, to turn it towards that side. And the front facing propellers can
pull this forward, quite easily. The anti torque rotor can be switched of in this stage.
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Floating properties
The base of the plane is double layered with a titanium mesh in between the outer and the layer
below. This will help the plane be more resistible to shocks etc, when in water, as mostly, after a
tsunami etc, there is a lot of debris in water. Then, when it is to land, it will have to resist certain
shocks due to the debris, which might hit it while landing. This is even more important, as, if by
any chance, the layers get damaged then plane will have no means, to float.
There are pressurised air cylinders in the body of the plane. When in air, theses cylinders are
fully pressurised. But when the plane is about to land, then the air in these cylinders is made to
fill the cavity in the lower part of the plane. Then the plane can land in the water. This will
decrease the density of the plane, thus making it capable of floating. It will be able to siphon
water in two little tanks, made in the lower sides of the plane. This water will be let in, when two
valves will open. While taking off, these two valves will be opened again, and then, the water
can be taken out. This siphoning in of water, when the plane is in water will help the plane to be
balanced much more properly in water. Water will be siphoned in, into a tank in the lower side of
this ‘water plane’, when two valves will open, on both sides of the ‘water plane’. This is done, to
lower the centre of gravity of the plane.
Further more, there are two pontoons of the two wings. These pontoons can help the plane to be
balanced, when floating in water. The dimensions of the pontoons are 4 feet. These pontoons can
be pulled in, while the plane is in air, as this will prevent friction and further, loss of power. The
coming out of the wings is totally vertical, and no bending in the holding pipes will take place. A
slot in the lower side of the plane will open, and the holding pipe extends. It is compressed in a
way that the pipe’s larger areas came over the smaller diameter pipe area. Hence, the pontoon
just comes out of the wing vertically. And vice-versa happens, when it goes back into the
wing, when the plane has taken off, and is airborne. This coming into the wing and being
able to go out has been designed, as otherwise, the pontoons could break due to the friction
and pressure on then, when the plane is moving in air with quite high speeds.
This would also reduce sound.
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Emergency Features
The following are the emergency features that need to be present in the plane the reasons for
their presence are given with them:-
Emergency signaling-
A self-contained emergency signal has a base which contains a battery and a high-intensity
flash/lamp actuating unit. The actuating unit is electrically connected to a battery and to a high-
intensity flash lamp. A switch turns the actuating unit on and high-intensity lamp bursts are

4. displayed through a transparent, translucent, polarized, and colored or symbol containing a lens
arrangement, or a combination of such elements. The emergency signal may have different forms
such as cylindrical, elliptical, rectangular or triangular. This can help the aircraft to signal other
aircrafts also, especially, when there is too much dust. E.g. After a volcanic eruption.
High performance pontoons
The trailing end of the pontoons end in a sharp edge, thus eliminating the need for a hull or float
step or venting. A channel is formed by the pontoons and the underside of the fuselage, which
channel has a constant cross-section and produces a surface lift effect facilitating take-off and
landing.
Emergency power supply-
There is an emergency power supply, which can therefore power the various important
equipment on the aircraft, and also the important medical equipment for the causalities. Also this
would help power the aircraft in case of an engine malfunction and would atleast give the chance
of the pilot to have some of the information about the airplane by powering the vital instruments
such as altimeter, glide slope etc.
Energy generating turbines-
Some slots in the wings and the body of the plane can be opened up, if there is a failure of the
engines, to generate electricity. Due to the speed of the plane, these turbines will rotate
hence generating electricity, again, to power the various important equipment on the aircraft,
and also the important medical equipment for the causalities, which have been rescued. They can
generate power, till the aircraft remains in motion, and in enough speed that these turbines can
revolve. If the plane can recover, then the covers of these turbines can be put back, as otherwise
there would be a lot of friction. These covers are shape in such a way, that, when they are fixed,
they merge with the main streamlined body of the plane.
Medical equipment
Since this is a plane designed to handle emergencies, it is recommended to carry some equipment
such as life boats. Also the plane would be fitted with a medical recovery unit consisting of vital
equipment to provide aid to the casualties.
Wings-
The information about the basic structure is already given above. The main design of the plane is
as follows-
The wings of this tiltrotor are basically of two parts. One is the part with the propeller, and the
other is the part which is fixed.
• The first part is fixed to the main body of the plane, and joins the second part to the body
of the plane. It is on the end of this part of the wing that the second part rotates.
• The second part which is the part with the propellers has the capacity to rotate with the
propellers, when they change their direction, from vertical to a horizontal position. That
is from the helicopter mode to the airplane mode respectively.
The second part rotates with the propellers, because if they didn’t, then, when the propellers
would be facing upwards i.e. in the helicopter mode, then, the wing would act like a barrier in he
way of the air being pushed by the propeller. But when it rotates with the plane, it always
remains perpendicular to the flow of air, hence providing the least friction. In the helicopter
mode, this will also help in turning the helicopter.

5. _____________________________________________________________________
Flight controls
This plane has, just like a rotorcraft, the controls of both, conventional aircrafts and helicopters.
The thrust control levers (TCLs), in the left of each seat of the pilot, are the providers for the
main fight controls. And the system is, just as in modern planes, has mostly a digitalised system
of controls. This system offers a lot of easiness hence in the controlling. It is very easy to control
the two modes which this airplane is capable of having i.e. the helicopter mode and the airplane
mode. The back anti torque rotor is also operated mostly by the digitalised system. This rotor is
capable of rotating both the sides. The automatic system of the plane always tries to keep the
plane horizontal, during winds etc. also, while shifting from one mode to the other. But it can be
operated manually also. The direction and the speed of the propeller can be fed in manually also.
The anti-torque rotor is shut, when the plane is in water.
If the aircraft misbalances to the forward of the back, the propellers have the ability to adjust the
directions of the propeller a little, so as to be enough for the tiltrotor to gain back its original
horizontal position.
In the helicopter mode, the rotor disks tilt forward, and hence this ‘helicopter’ has its nose
downwards. Then, then, it increases its forward speed. When the speed has to be decreased, the
rotor disk tilts towards the back; hence the ‘helicopter’ gains a nose up position. The speed hence
decreases.
In the airplane mode, the elevator present at the back of thos tiltrotor deflects downwards, and
the airplane also hence takes the position, with its nose downwards. Thus the plane’s altitude
decreases, and the speed increases. To decrease the speed, the elevator point upwards and so the
airplane takes a position with its nose upwards. The airspeed decreases and the altitude increase.
In the airplane mode, to increase the speed of the plane, without changing its altitude, the speed
of the rotors can be increased. And to decrease the speed, the air brakes can be taken out, with
directly decreses its speed.
In water, this tiltrotor can be operated in the airplane mode. The helicopter mode is not possible.
The speed can be decreased by the airbrakes etc.
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Materials of the plane-
This amphibious tiltrotor is made up of an alloy of many metals. The outer body of the plane
excluding the main structure i.e. the parts not requiring too much strength are made up of steel
and aluminium in the ratio
Steel : aluminium :: 35 : 65.
Coated with a layer of Fibre Glass which makes it more elastic to be a good shock
absorber.
Whereas the main structure of the plane, that is the inner body, the wings structure etc. (the parts
requiring a lot of strength) are made up of titanium.
Please note, that it is only the parts requiring too much strength that are made up of titanium.
Rest are made up out of the steel and aluminium. Many other materials will also be used in the
windscreen, the windows, the internal fitting etc. As mentioned above, we are using titanium
mesh in between the double layering of the hull so as to make it shockproof.
The following are the materials in the internal furnishing etc of the pane-

6. They are as follows-
• Floor and floor covering –
Epoxy/Carbon. It will have flexible urethane seat track covers and a urethane foam
edge band. There will be Mylar film over gallery and entry floor panels. We will be
keeping a wool or nylon carpet with double-backed tapes which will attach the carpet to
the floor.
• Lower Sidewall Panel –
Glass and Phenolic will be the best material to use and we will have a scuff-resistant
surface like Nomex for better results.
• Upper Sidewall Panel –
Carbon, decorative thermoplastic layer and Tedlar will be used.
• Light covers –
Polycarbonate will be very useful for light covers.
• Gap fillers –
Gap fillers shall be of Silicon and Urethane.
• Passenger seats – The chief material will be wool with leather upholstery. There will
be thermoplastic seat trays and Kevlar blocking layer.
• Cabin attendant seats – It will be same as passenger seats. It will also have
Polyethylene floatation foam.
• Partitions – Phenolic honeycomb with thermoplastic laminate.
• Insulation – For insulation, we will have a fiberglass batt and phenolic binder along
with Mylar covers, Nitrile rubber and Polyimide foam.
• Windows –Outer pane will be made up of stretched acrylic and Inner pane will be
made up of cast acrylic. There will be a dustcover made up of Polycarbonate.
• Passenger service units – These units will be made up of molded thermoplastics
(Radel) and Aluminum.
• Hoses – The hoses will be made up of Silicone, Nylon and Urethane.
• Air Ducting – Air ducting will be made up of epoxy; but polyester in case of large
ducts. There will be fire-retarded nylon for better results.

7. _____________________________________________________________________
Bibliography-
This rotor craft is based on the model V-22 Osprey.
Information has been collected from-
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/v-22-design.htm
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/v-22-flt-cntrl.htm
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/v-22-propulsion.htm
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/v-22-conversion.htm
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/v-22-bld-wing-seq.htm
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/v-22-fuel.htm
The follwing sites were used
http://google.com
http://www.wikipedia.org
http://answers.yahoo.com
http://carterac.tumblr.com/post/9351689573/steve-jobs-on-death