CAiSE 2003, Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering, Klagenfurt/Velden, Austria, June 2003 ABSTRACT: While there have been dramatic increases in the use of digital technologies for the storage and processing of information, the affordances of paper have ensured its retention as a key information medium. Recent developments in digitally augmented paper provide the potential to embed active links within printed documents, thereby turning paper into an interactive medium. In this paper, we address the issues of information granularity and semantics that arise in integrating paper as a first-class interactive information medium in hypermedia systems and show that the information server is vital in realising the true potential of this vision. Further, we discuss the authoring issues of cross-media information environments and the forms of tools required to support the various categories of authoring activity.

1. Issues of Information Semantics and
Granularity in Cross-Media Publishing
Moira C. Norrie
Beat Signer
Global Information Systems Research Group
Global Information Systems Group ETH Zurich
Department of Computer Science
Switzerland
ETH Zurich, Switzerland
CAiSE'03, 19 June, 2003

2. Outline
Motivation
Integration of digital and printed
information
information granularity
information semantics
Architecture / information concepts for
Digitally Augmented Paper
Other aspects of cross-media
Global Information Systems Group
publishing
Department of Computer Science
ETH Zurich, Switzerland

3. The Myth of the Paperless Office
For decades, people have predicted
the office of the future as a paperless
office
documents generated, published and
distributed electronically
documents read electronically
What has happened to this
imminent revolution?
Global Information Systems Group
Department of Computer Science
ETH Zurich, Switzerland

4. Paper++
Enriching the use of
paper in everyday
settings
EU Project (Disappearing
Computer Programme)
Global Information Systems Group
Department of Computer Science Arjo Wiggins
ETH Zurich, Switzerland

5. Case Study
BBC Blue Planet series
television series
available on video/DVD
book
web site
fact files
quizzes
games
Open University course book and CD
Global Information Systems Group
Department of Computer Science
ETH Zurich, Switzerland

6. Linking of Sections to Digital Resources
symbols as link
to video/CD
note timing
information to
locate parts of
video
Global Information Systems Group
Department of Computer Science
ETH Zurich, Switzerland

7. Problems of Printed Information
Coarse granularity of available links to
digital media (symbols)
sections of text linked to video/CD
good to have finer units of granularity
Missing link context in printed media
impossible to resolve links back to printed
paper (unidirectional linking)
Global Information Systems Group
Department of Computer Science
ETH Zurich, Switzerland

8. Paper++ Document Encoding
Use inductive ink to print
a grid of invisible position
information on paper
page number, x and y
positions
Use RFID tags (Radio
Frequency Identification)
for document identification
Global Information Systems Group
Department of Computer Science Information:
ETH Zurich, Switzerland
(DocID, pageNo, x, y)

9. Multi-Layered Active Areas
Linking of active areas to
resource files
image
video clip
Global Information Systems Group
Department of Computer Science
ETH Zurich, Switzerland

10. Paper++ Information Model
(0,*)
HasAnchor HasTarget HasPrefs Prefs
(0,*) (0,*)
(0,*)
(0,*) (0,*) (0,*)
Data AccessibleTo Users HasMembers
(1,1) (1,*) (1,1)
(0,*)
(0,*) (0,*) partition partition
Properties HasProperties Links CreatedBy (0,*)
Link Individuals Groups
User
(0,*) (1,1) (1,1) (0,*) (0,*)
|Layers| OnLayer Selectors RefersTo Resources Contains
(0,*)
Resource
page
Active Paper++ OnPage
(0,*)
Pages Containers Texts Media
Layers (1,1)
(0,*)
Shapes HasShapes (1,1)
document
Contains (0,*) Movies
partition (2,*) Docs
Pages
Complex
Rectangles Polygons Ellipses Circles Images Webpages
Shapes
Global Information Systems Group
Department of Computer Science
ETH Zurich, Switzerland

11. Problems of Digital Information
Coarse granularity of digital material
Single-level linking
No information semantics
Solution
Introduce richer information concepts
into the information server (e.g. appli-
Global Information Systems Group
cation DB)
Department of Computer Science
ETH Zurich, Switzerland

12. Linking to Application Objects
Data
Selectors Resources
Shape Page Query DB Object
Time Span / Movie Clip XPointer XHTML
Data/Metadata
Spatial Info Document
Global Information Systems Group
Department of Computer Science
ETH Zurich, Switzerland
Paper++ Application Database
Movie Clips HTML Documents

13. Paper++ Architecture Overview
Augmented encoded location
Document
HTTP request
(ID, page, (x,y))
HTTP response
iSERVER
Global Information Systems Group
Department of Computer Science
ETH Zurich, Switzerland
Barcode Transformer XIMA Server iServer with
and Output Device Paper++ Extension

14. Other Aspects
Link authoring
Publisher: Authoring as an integrated
output channel for cross-media publishing
User: authoring as an additional post-
processing step
Link sharing and derived linking
Personalisation and customisation
Integration of emerging technologies
new forms of paper, printing technologies
Global Information Systems Group
Department of Computer Science
and reader devices
ETH Zurich, Switzerland

15. Augmented Research Papers
Global Information Systems Group
Department of Computer Science
ETH Zurich, Switzerland

16. Zurich City Map
Global Information Systems Group
Department of Computer Science
ETH Zurich, Switzerland

17. Mammography Annotations
Global Information Systems Group
Department of Computer Science
ETH Zurich, Switzerland

18. Questions?
Global Information Systems Group
Department of Computer Science
ETH Zurich, Switzerland