7. “ Bio-Diesel” refers to the neat ethyl or methyl esters of vegetable oils Biodiesel is a domestically produced renewable liquid fuel that can be manufactured from the oils and fats of plants. It contains no petroleum and can be blended at any level
9. Motivation for Research Since the introduction of diesel engine, Rudolph Diesel (1895) intended to burn modified vegetable oil for development of agriculture . It is only now that we are developing biodiesel for this purpose.
10. Biodiesel for Energy Vegetable Oil Degummification Esterification Removal of water Separation of Glycerine Filter Washings BIO OIL BIO DIESEL
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12. Environmental Motivations No Sulphur or aromatic compounds Safer to breathe Reduced emissions in 3 of the 4 regulated categories: total unburned HC, CO, SPM Promotes more vegetation (C fix) Non toxic and biodegradable
13. Economical Motivations Provides investment in innovations Reduces subsidies New job creation: production, manufacturing, processing, construction, distribution, marketing Import substitution Protects over-dependence on limited sources of fuels
14. Industrial Motivations Increased use will decrease deficit by reducing imports Scope for cleaner technologies Operators use clean fuel with less health problems Links agriculture to energy Storage and transport need little or no modification
15. Government Motivations Energy independence gives strength to countries Biodiesel meets international standards for clean S free diesel Fuel standards for use of renewable energy Incentives for alternate and clean fuel
16. Scientific Motivations Challenge to develop biodiesel at competitive price Develop alternative protocols and tools Develop clean catalysts Reduce cost of lipase technology Achieve environment standards
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22. Biodiesel feedstock Palm oil Rs. 23 Soybean oil Coconut oil Castor oil Rs. 37 Rs. 73/76 Rs. 41/47 Cotton seed Rs. 32 Rubber oil Rs. 25 Peanut oil Rs. 32 Sunflower oil Rs. 57 Rice bran oil Rs. 19/22/25 Neem oil Rs. 26 Karanj oil Rs. 37 Malaysia Philippines USA Brazil EU India
33. - High yield of oil % -Least risks of failure -Least cultivation inputs -High acceptability of farmers -Suitability of oil for diesel-Wide adaptability to stress -Fast growing & short rotation -Availability of seed material -Least disease occurrence Selection of biofuel tree Jatropha curcas
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36. Wasteland that can be available for Jatropha Plantation Source: Dr. J. Parikh, IRADE
45. Seed size variation Seed size: Small = 40.07 g per 100 seeds Large = 78.88 g per 100 seeds Average = 64.29 g per 100 seeds Seeds kg -1 : 1341 to 1806, (1564.34 113.9),
49. DEMONSTRATION PLANTATION OF JATROPHA CURCAS To create public awareness and unused and marginal land utilization demonstration plantation of J. curcas were carried out on total 290 hectares in collaboration with U.P. Government, Railways (NR & NER), Industries (Birla, Tata NTPC), CSIR labs (HRDC, Gaziabad, ITRC), MNRE (SEC, Gwalpahari, Gurgaon).
59. BASIC REACTION Diesel has a chain of 11-13 C Vegetable oil has a chain of 18 C CH 2 COOR’ | CHCOOR” | CH 2 COOR”’ 3 ROH Catalyst CH 2 OH | CHOH | CH 2 OH R'COOR + R''COOR + R'''COOR 60 Kg Oil 6.78 Kg Alcohol 0.60Kg NaOH 6.5 Kg Glycerin 58 Kg Biodiesel
62. Alternatives: Petro agro sector Cakes constitute nearly 70 % of the feed stock. Application as bio fertilizers or for energy usage such as substitute of coal or as a feed for gasifiers Biodiesel in India
70. Exploration Refining Use in Cars and Trucks Fossil CO 2 Release to Atmosphere PETRO-DIESEL CO 2 CYCLE 13 pounds of fossil CO 2 released per gallon burned
71. BIODIESEL CO 2 CYCLE No fossil CO 2 Released ; No global warming Biodiesel Production Use in Cars and Trucks Oil Crops Renewable CO 2
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