Divergence trading involves identifying potential market turning points by looking for instances where a price moves in one direction while a technical indicator moves in the opposite direction. There are two main types of divergence - bullish divergence, where the price is falling but an indicator like MACD or RSI is rising, and bearish divergence, where the price is rising but the indicator is falling. Traders look for divergence patterns at potential support/resistance levels and use confirmation signals like candlestick patterns to identify trade entry points, with the goal of capitalizing on reversals in price triggered by changes in market momentum.