The document discusses the origins of Thanksgiving Day in the United States and Canada. It describes how the holiday originated from a mix of European harvest festival traditions and Native American harvest celebrations. It then provides details about the Mayflower voyage that brought the Pilgrims to America in 1621 and the challenges they faced establishing the Plymouth colony that first winter with the help of the Patuxet native Squanto.
The document summarizes important events and monarchs of England from 1485-1603:
- Henry VII united the houses of Lancaster and York and established the Tudor dynasty. Henry VIII had six wives and changed England's religion to Protestantism.
- Edward VI was Protestant but died young at age 16. Jane ruled for just 9 days before Mary took the throne. Mary was Catholic and had 300 Protestants killed.
- Elizabeth I was Protestant but tolerant of Catholics. She was one of England's greatest rulers and defeated the Spanish Armada.
- The document outlines a role play scenario where two speakers are discussing which candidate to select for a market research assistant position for their supervisor Bob.
- Speaker 1 introduces the topic and provides initial analysis of the first candidate as enthusiastic but young and inexperienced. Speaker 2 agrees with this assessment.
- The speakers then discuss the second candidate who knows the job but does not seem engaged. They agree neither of the first two candidates are suitable.
- By process of elimination, they conclude the third candidate is the best choice despite not being ideal, as he has relevant work experience and qualifications for the role.
The Iguazu Falls are located on the border of Brazil and Argentina. It is one of the seven natural wonders of the world and can be visited year-round. In the Iguazu Falls area, there are many activities like hiking, wildlife viewing, canoeing, and helicopter rides over the falls. Transportation to the falls is available via taxi, bus, or an ecological train from the airport or surrounding areas.
The document discusses Field Marshal Douglas Haig's plan to defend France during World War 1 through heavy bombardment that left no rats alive. Despite the losses, Haig's plan helped defend Paris and prevent France's defeat. While the nature of war is death, Haig was a moral giant who was a better man though perhaps not the most brilliant according to the document.
The industrial revolution began in Britain between 1750-1830 due to certain social conditions that were ideal for industrialization. Britain had a large, educated workforce from urbanization, a flexible middle class with political power and money to invest, and a government supportive of commerce. The growth of population and exports increased demand for goods, while technological innovations and new sources of power like steam allowed for factory production. As a result, Britain experienced rapid economic and social changes including the rise of industrial centers, a new class system divided between capitalists and workers, and shifting lifestyles as production moved to factories.
This document lists various TV channels across different categories such as documentaries, animal shows, sports, films and arts. Channels mentioned include Animal Planet, TLC, National Geographic Wild, TRU TV, Discovery Channel, Films & Arts, Discovery Science, National Geographic, ESPN+, TyC Sports, Fox Sports, NBA TV, ESPN 3, Speed Channel, Poker Sports, Discovery Turbo, Telefe, A24, 26, TV Pública.
The Spanish Inquisition was a formal court established in 1478 by King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile with approval of Pope Sixtus IV. It aimed to try those accused of not following Catholic Church teachings and had authority to torture and execute. It primarily targeted Jewish people, Muslims, and later Protestants in Spain and Spanish territories, examining both religious and political cases. King Philip II later established branches in Peru and Mexico to administer the Spanish colonies in South and Central America.
The document discusses the origins of Thanksgiving Day in the United States and Canada. It describes how the holiday originated from a mix of European harvest festival traditions and Native American harvest celebrations. It then provides details about the Mayflower voyage that brought the Pilgrims to America in 1621 and the challenges they faced establishing the Plymouth colony that first winter with the help of the Patuxet native Squanto.
The document summarizes important events and monarchs of England from 1485-1603:
- Henry VII united the houses of Lancaster and York and established the Tudor dynasty. Henry VIII had six wives and changed England's religion to Protestantism.
- Edward VI was Protestant but died young at age 16. Jane ruled for just 9 days before Mary took the throne. Mary was Catholic and had 300 Protestants killed.
- Elizabeth I was Protestant but tolerant of Catholics. She was one of England's greatest rulers and defeated the Spanish Armada.
- The document outlines a role play scenario where two speakers are discussing which candidate to select for a market research assistant position for their supervisor Bob.
- Speaker 1 introduces the topic and provides initial analysis of the first candidate as enthusiastic but young and inexperienced. Speaker 2 agrees with this assessment.
- The speakers then discuss the second candidate who knows the job but does not seem engaged. They agree neither of the first two candidates are suitable.
- By process of elimination, they conclude the third candidate is the best choice despite not being ideal, as he has relevant work experience and qualifications for the role.
The Iguazu Falls are located on the border of Brazil and Argentina. It is one of the seven natural wonders of the world and can be visited year-round. In the Iguazu Falls area, there are many activities like hiking, wildlife viewing, canoeing, and helicopter rides over the falls. Transportation to the falls is available via taxi, bus, or an ecological train from the airport or surrounding areas.
The document discusses Field Marshal Douglas Haig's plan to defend France during World War 1 through heavy bombardment that left no rats alive. Despite the losses, Haig's plan helped defend Paris and prevent France's defeat. While the nature of war is death, Haig was a moral giant who was a better man though perhaps not the most brilliant according to the document.
The industrial revolution began in Britain between 1750-1830 due to certain social conditions that were ideal for industrialization. Britain had a large, educated workforce from urbanization, a flexible middle class with political power and money to invest, and a government supportive of commerce. The growth of population and exports increased demand for goods, while technological innovations and new sources of power like steam allowed for factory production. As a result, Britain experienced rapid economic and social changes including the rise of industrial centers, a new class system divided between capitalists and workers, and shifting lifestyles as production moved to factories.
This document lists various TV channels across different categories such as documentaries, animal shows, sports, films and arts. Channels mentioned include Animal Planet, TLC, National Geographic Wild, TRU TV, Discovery Channel, Films & Arts, Discovery Science, National Geographic, ESPN+, TyC Sports, Fox Sports, NBA TV, ESPN 3, Speed Channel, Poker Sports, Discovery Turbo, Telefe, A24, 26, TV Pública.
The Spanish Inquisition was a formal court established in 1478 by King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile with approval of Pope Sixtus IV. It aimed to try those accused of not following Catholic Church teachings and had authority to torture and execute. It primarily targeted Jewish people, Muslims, and later Protestants in Spain and Spanish territories, examining both religious and political cases. King Philip II later established branches in Peru and Mexico to administer the Spanish colonies in South and Central America.
Neuquen Province in Argentina is a tourist region that is most visited in winter for skiing and in summer for its national parks. Tourism provides employment and cultural preservation but can also cause pollution and environmental destruction. Off-season, the local economy struggles when tourism is low.
The Meiji period in Japan from 1870 to 1912 saw rapid industrialization and modernization as Japan opened up to Western influence. Feudal isolationism was replaced by foreign trade treaties that integrated Japan into the global economy. Society was reformed with the abolition of feudal classes, establishment of a national education system, and adoption of a Western-style constitution. Economically, industries like textiles, mining, and manufacturing grew quickly by investing in new technologies and infrastructure like railways. By 1912 at the end of the Meiji period, Japan had transformed into a highly developed nation with a modern economy, education system, and military capabilities.
Carilo is a beach resort town on the Argentine coast that sees its population swell from 30% to 100% during the summer vacation season. Typical coastal foods like seafood are common, as well as amenities for children like fast food. The beaches, forests, and large sand dunes provide opportunities for relaxing, sports, swimming, and excursions. At night, the town center lights up with colorful lights and restaurants. Carilo has experienced infrastructure but limited paved roads, and sees increased traffic and reduced space during peak tourist season.
This document outlines rules and guidelines for students in an English language classroom. It contains instructions on only speaking English to teachers, paying attention during class time, submitting assignments, formatting written work, working in groups, consequences for low marks, and encouragement to take advantage of learning opportunities. Students are told to speak English, pay attention, format work neatly, follow rules of behavior, and open their minds to learning. Teachers are there to help, and students can improve by redoing work.
A conglomerate is a combination of two or more corporations engaged in different businesses under one corporate structure, usually with a parent company owning subsidiaries. Conglomerates are often large, multinational companies operating in diverse industries. Examples include Ling-Temco-Vought, ITT Corporation, Litton Industries, Textron, Teledyne, and Gulf and Western Industries. The document then discusses how different departments within a company interact, with finance interacting with legal, R&D, administration, purchasing, HR, marketing, and production on matters like new investments, budgets, costs, revenues, and more.
This document discusses an FCE exam for the speaking portion. It focuses on a personal conversation where the examinee must describe two opinions on photographs, one being a landscape and the other being a seaside scene.
The document provides guidance on writing formal emails and memos for work. It discusses choosing an appropriate tone depending on who the message is for - a boss, colleague, assistant, or staff. Examples are given of paraphrasing phrases to avoid repetition. An email is drafted informing all staff that due to economic reasons, English courses will be cancelled except for those in the export department. A sample response is also included.
Impacts of the industrial revolution in germanyJennifer hc
Germany's Industrial Revolution began in the 1800s, over a century after England's, due to a lack of political unification. The establishment of the German Customs Union in 1834 eliminated trade barriers and boosted the mining and manufacturing industries. The Southern Ruhr area became the epicenter of industry as villages grew into cities around new factories. Germany benefited from starting its Industrial Revolution later than Britain, as it was able to imitate British industrial processes and technologies, allowing it to surpass Britain in industries like steel and machinery by the late 19th century.
In medieval England, there were different types of schools including parish churches, song schools, chantry schools, and guild schools. Students at these schools learned basics like the alphabet, religious teachings, and commandments. Grammar schools also taught Latin, composition, and translation. Most schools lacked books, so students learned from memory and teachers. School days lasted up to 13 hours with breaks for meals. University students could choose their own studies, hire professors, and set their own schedules. They could change professors if unsatisfied. Modern schools are larger, all children must attend, and resources like books are more available.
When discussing a topic, it is important to consider multiple relevant factors. For example, when speaking about Africa one should consider not only the number of countries but also its dense population. Similarly, in discussions about Asia, one must account for both its large size and significant importance in the global economy. Additionally, analyses of specific countries need to take into account relevant context, such as Nigeria's political circumstances or the challenges faced by its government.
The document provides guidance on how to summarize and describe photographs in 3 sentences or less by introducing the photos, comparing and contrasting elements within them, and answering any questions about their content. Key recommendations include using adverbs and adjectives to describe visual elements clearly and employing comparative language and conditional statements to analyze similarities and differences between photos. The summary should conclude by answering any explicit or implicit questions raised about the subject matter or scenes depicted in the photographs.
This document discusses the FCE Speaking Part 2 exam which involves a personal conversation about two photographs, one depicting a landscape and the other a seaside scene. The student is asked to describe the photographs and give their opinion on them.
This document discusses the FCE Speaking Part 2 exam which involves a personal conversation about two photographs, one depicting a landscape and the other a seaside scene. The student is asked to describe the photographs and give their opinion on them.
This document discusses various options for attracting customers to a business, including providing a large car park, reduced prices, different types of restaurants on site, a children's play area, and an internet cafe. The positives and negatives of each option are outlined. Providing a large car park is seen as important for attracting customers but expensive. Different restaurants could make the business more sophisticated but would be difficult and costly to manage. Reduced prices may not be sustainable and could undermine competing locally. A children's play area could help parents shop more easily but also poses safety and space concerns. An internet cafe may not drive enough customers to the core business. Overall the document weighs the pros and cons of each approach to attracting customers without
Part 3 and 4 of the FCE Speaking Test last about 3 and 4 minutes respectively. In Part 3, candidates are given visuals and instructions to discuss different forms of transportation for a hypothetical holiday. They must talk about each option and decide on the best one. Part 3 tests a candidate's ability to discuss, express opinions, agree/disagree, and speculate. Part 4 involves the examiner in a discussion on the same topic, testing a candidate's ability to express and justify opinions and agree/disagree.
Elizabeth is crying because she received a letter from a general informing her that her 18-year-old son Damon met his tragic death in battle at the Somme. Rose has a 22-year-old son who has gone to war before and she understands Elizabeth's worry. Elizabeth reads the general's letter to Rose, which expresses shock at Damon's death but says he died serving his country and defending peace, and that their faith will help them withstand the grief. Rose says she can understand Elizabeth and her family's feelings, as she too worried when her son Richard went to war but was also proud that he represented their country.
George Coppard was a British machine-gunner who fought in World War I. He was born in 1898 in Brighton, England and lied about his age to join the military in 1915. Coppard fought in major battles like the Somme in 1916, where he described in his book how hundreds of soldiers died in grotesque positions. The Somme was a horrific battle that resulted in heavy casualties and demoralized troops. Coppard was wounded twice in battle, including having his femoral artery severed in 1917 during the Battle of Cambrai, but survived both times thanks to quick medical aid.
David Lloyd George was a British Prime Minister. He led the country during World War I and helped negotiate the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. Lloyd George played a pivotal role in British politics during a tumultuous period that included the war and its aftermath.
The document describes various emotional reactions and states, including being excited, surprised, thrilled, astonished, scared, frightened, shocked, amazed, delighted, awed, overwhelmed, depressed, defeated, destroyed, attacked, encouraged, told, given help, and defended. Each reaction is accompanied by a short description of how the person felt in response to something that happened.
This document is a guide to using different conjunctions and connecting words in English sentences. It provides examples of sentences using conjunctions like "after", "although", "as", "because", "before", "if", "since", "unless", "until", "when", "whenever", "wherever", "while", "or", "yet", "so", and "because". The sentences demonstrate how to properly structure ideas and clauses around these connecting words to form complete thoughts in English.
The Weimar Republic was established in Germany in 1919 after World War I and the fall of the German monarchy. It attempted to create a democratic government but faced many challenges, including hyperinflation, political violence, and resentment over the Treaty of Versailles. Despite early struggles, economic and cultural progress was made in the mid-1920s due to the efforts of Gustav Stresemann and Charles Dawes. However, the Great Depression led to the rise of the Nazi party and the eventual collapse of the Weimar Republic's democracy in 1933.
Neuquen Province in Argentina is a tourist region that is most visited in winter for skiing and in summer for its national parks. Tourism provides employment and cultural preservation but can also cause pollution and environmental destruction. Off-season, the local economy struggles when tourism is low.
The Meiji period in Japan from 1870 to 1912 saw rapid industrialization and modernization as Japan opened up to Western influence. Feudal isolationism was replaced by foreign trade treaties that integrated Japan into the global economy. Society was reformed with the abolition of feudal classes, establishment of a national education system, and adoption of a Western-style constitution. Economically, industries like textiles, mining, and manufacturing grew quickly by investing in new technologies and infrastructure like railways. By 1912 at the end of the Meiji period, Japan had transformed into a highly developed nation with a modern economy, education system, and military capabilities.
Carilo is a beach resort town on the Argentine coast that sees its population swell from 30% to 100% during the summer vacation season. Typical coastal foods like seafood are common, as well as amenities for children like fast food. The beaches, forests, and large sand dunes provide opportunities for relaxing, sports, swimming, and excursions. At night, the town center lights up with colorful lights and restaurants. Carilo has experienced infrastructure but limited paved roads, and sees increased traffic and reduced space during peak tourist season.
This document outlines rules and guidelines for students in an English language classroom. It contains instructions on only speaking English to teachers, paying attention during class time, submitting assignments, formatting written work, working in groups, consequences for low marks, and encouragement to take advantage of learning opportunities. Students are told to speak English, pay attention, format work neatly, follow rules of behavior, and open their minds to learning. Teachers are there to help, and students can improve by redoing work.
A conglomerate is a combination of two or more corporations engaged in different businesses under one corporate structure, usually with a parent company owning subsidiaries. Conglomerates are often large, multinational companies operating in diverse industries. Examples include Ling-Temco-Vought, ITT Corporation, Litton Industries, Textron, Teledyne, and Gulf and Western Industries. The document then discusses how different departments within a company interact, with finance interacting with legal, R&D, administration, purchasing, HR, marketing, and production on matters like new investments, budgets, costs, revenues, and more.
This document discusses an FCE exam for the speaking portion. It focuses on a personal conversation where the examinee must describe two opinions on photographs, one being a landscape and the other being a seaside scene.
The document provides guidance on writing formal emails and memos for work. It discusses choosing an appropriate tone depending on who the message is for - a boss, colleague, assistant, or staff. Examples are given of paraphrasing phrases to avoid repetition. An email is drafted informing all staff that due to economic reasons, English courses will be cancelled except for those in the export department. A sample response is also included.
Impacts of the industrial revolution in germanyJennifer hc
Germany's Industrial Revolution began in the 1800s, over a century after England's, due to a lack of political unification. The establishment of the German Customs Union in 1834 eliminated trade barriers and boosted the mining and manufacturing industries. The Southern Ruhr area became the epicenter of industry as villages grew into cities around new factories. Germany benefited from starting its Industrial Revolution later than Britain, as it was able to imitate British industrial processes and technologies, allowing it to surpass Britain in industries like steel and machinery by the late 19th century.
In medieval England, there were different types of schools including parish churches, song schools, chantry schools, and guild schools. Students at these schools learned basics like the alphabet, religious teachings, and commandments. Grammar schools also taught Latin, composition, and translation. Most schools lacked books, so students learned from memory and teachers. School days lasted up to 13 hours with breaks for meals. University students could choose their own studies, hire professors, and set their own schedules. They could change professors if unsatisfied. Modern schools are larger, all children must attend, and resources like books are more available.
When discussing a topic, it is important to consider multiple relevant factors. For example, when speaking about Africa one should consider not only the number of countries but also its dense population. Similarly, in discussions about Asia, one must account for both its large size and significant importance in the global economy. Additionally, analyses of specific countries need to take into account relevant context, such as Nigeria's political circumstances or the challenges faced by its government.
The document provides guidance on how to summarize and describe photographs in 3 sentences or less by introducing the photos, comparing and contrasting elements within them, and answering any questions about their content. Key recommendations include using adverbs and adjectives to describe visual elements clearly and employing comparative language and conditional statements to analyze similarities and differences between photos. The summary should conclude by answering any explicit or implicit questions raised about the subject matter or scenes depicted in the photographs.
This document discusses the FCE Speaking Part 2 exam which involves a personal conversation about two photographs, one depicting a landscape and the other a seaside scene. The student is asked to describe the photographs and give their opinion on them.
This document discusses the FCE Speaking Part 2 exam which involves a personal conversation about two photographs, one depicting a landscape and the other a seaside scene. The student is asked to describe the photographs and give their opinion on them.
This document discusses various options for attracting customers to a business, including providing a large car park, reduced prices, different types of restaurants on site, a children's play area, and an internet cafe. The positives and negatives of each option are outlined. Providing a large car park is seen as important for attracting customers but expensive. Different restaurants could make the business more sophisticated but would be difficult and costly to manage. Reduced prices may not be sustainable and could undermine competing locally. A children's play area could help parents shop more easily but also poses safety and space concerns. An internet cafe may not drive enough customers to the core business. Overall the document weighs the pros and cons of each approach to attracting customers without
Part 3 and 4 of the FCE Speaking Test last about 3 and 4 minutes respectively. In Part 3, candidates are given visuals and instructions to discuss different forms of transportation for a hypothetical holiday. They must talk about each option and decide on the best one. Part 3 tests a candidate's ability to discuss, express opinions, agree/disagree, and speculate. Part 4 involves the examiner in a discussion on the same topic, testing a candidate's ability to express and justify opinions and agree/disagree.
Elizabeth is crying because she received a letter from a general informing her that her 18-year-old son Damon met his tragic death in battle at the Somme. Rose has a 22-year-old son who has gone to war before and she understands Elizabeth's worry. Elizabeth reads the general's letter to Rose, which expresses shock at Damon's death but says he died serving his country and defending peace, and that their faith will help them withstand the grief. Rose says she can understand Elizabeth and her family's feelings, as she too worried when her son Richard went to war but was also proud that he represented their country.
George Coppard was a British machine-gunner who fought in World War I. He was born in 1898 in Brighton, England and lied about his age to join the military in 1915. Coppard fought in major battles like the Somme in 1916, where he described in his book how hundreds of soldiers died in grotesque positions. The Somme was a horrific battle that resulted in heavy casualties and demoralized troops. Coppard was wounded twice in battle, including having his femoral artery severed in 1917 during the Battle of Cambrai, but survived both times thanks to quick medical aid.
David Lloyd George was a British Prime Minister. He led the country during World War I and helped negotiate the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. Lloyd George played a pivotal role in British politics during a tumultuous period that included the war and its aftermath.
The document describes various emotional reactions and states, including being excited, surprised, thrilled, astonished, scared, frightened, shocked, amazed, delighted, awed, overwhelmed, depressed, defeated, destroyed, attacked, encouraged, told, given help, and defended. Each reaction is accompanied by a short description of how the person felt in response to something that happened.
This document is a guide to using different conjunctions and connecting words in English sentences. It provides examples of sentences using conjunctions like "after", "although", "as", "because", "before", "if", "since", "unless", "until", "when", "whenever", "wherever", "while", "or", "yet", "so", and "because". The sentences demonstrate how to properly structure ideas and clauses around these connecting words to form complete thoughts in English.
The Weimar Republic was established in Germany in 1919 after World War I and the fall of the German monarchy. It attempted to create a democratic government but faced many challenges, including hyperinflation, political violence, and resentment over the Treaty of Versailles. Despite early struggles, economic and cultural progress was made in the mid-1920s due to the efforts of Gustav Stresemann and Charles Dawes. However, the Great Depression led to the rise of the Nazi party and the eventual collapse of the Weimar Republic's democracy in 1933.
The Weimar Republic was established in Germany in 1919 after the Kaiser fled following World War I. It aimed to create a democratic government but faced significant challenges from right-wing groups who believed Germany was betrayed in the war. Paramilitary groups like the Freikorps and left-wing groups like the Spartacists engaged in revolts and uprisings that destabilized the new republic. In the early 1920s, France occupied Germany's industrial Ruhr region, crippling the economy and leading to hyperinflation until a new Chancellor, Gustav Stresemann, stabilized the currency and economy in 1923.
The Weimar Republic faced challenges from radical left and right forces from its beginning in 1918. The Freikorps were paramilitary groups composed of ex-soldiers and others that opposed radical left groups like the Spartacists and provided support for the young republic. In 1921 and 1923, the French occupied the industrial Ruhr region in response to Germany falling behind on reparations payments, crippling the German economy until the Dawes Plan was adopted in 1924. Gustav Stresemann served as foreign minister and chancellor in the 1920s and worked to negotiate international agreements to stabilize Germany. The 1920 Kapp Putsch was an attempted right-wing coup to overthrow the Weimar government.
The Weimar Republic refers to Germany's government between 1918-1933 after World War 1. It attempted to create a liberal democracy in Germany which had little experience with liberalism or democracy. The Freikorps were ex-soldiers who remained armed and opposed the new government. They helped defeat a communist uprising led by the Spartacists in 1919 but the government had little control over them, contributing to instability. France occupied the Ruhr region in 1923 when Germany missed reparation payments, worsening inflation. The Locarno Treaty of 1925 stabilized relations as Germany agreed to its new borders with France and Belgium. However, the Kapp Putsch of 1920 showed the government could not enforce its authority and relied on public strikes to maintain
A woman accuses someone of lying in three different scenarios: in the first she screams it, in the second she laughs it, and in the third she herself is lying. The document then provides options for gestures or actions that could accompany the statement "Go away!" such as whispering, shouting angrily or happily, desperately, blowing a kiss, tapping on the shoulder, waving a hand, or wiping one's eyes. The reader is prompted to choose from the given options or provide their own gestures.
This document provides instructions and prompts for 6 groups to engage in a creative writing exercise. Each group is given a theme - landscape, knight fight, wreck, beach at sunset, and party. They are instructed to:
1) List what they see based on the theme and their location.
2) Describe their surroundings in a paragraph.
3) Write about their sensations, feelings, and sounds heard in another paragraph.
4) Take an action related to the theme.
They are then asked to make a list of words or phrases related to their theme to continue expanding on the creative writing exercise.
The document discusses verb tenses in English including the present, past, and future tenses. It notes there are four forms for each: two simple, two continuous, and two perfect. Examples are provided for the present, past, and future tenses. The document also provides examples of short stories using the different tenses and advises that stories are normally told in the past tense, though they can begin or end in the present. It encourages writing a short story using past tense and formatting it in paragraphs.
The document provides a series of prompts for the reader to write down 5 things they see, 1 action they take, 2 sounds they hear, 3 things their body feels, and 4 sensations. These prompts are repeated multiple times throughout the document, asking the reader to focus on their present experiences and surroundings.