1. Smart City Expo & World Congress
MITIGATION PROGRAM ACROSS MULTIPLE SECTORS
GHG MITIGATION IN URBAN AREAS THROUGH A CITY-WIDE APPROACH
CARBON FINANCE UNIT, THE WORLD BANK
José Andréu BARCELONA, DECEMBER 1, 2011

2. Content
1. Cities and GHG
2. Multi-sector approach in Cities
3. Cities and climate change
4. On-going work in Cities on GHG mitigation

3. Why are Cities important for GHG mitigation?
67% of
world's
energy
supply
 Cities need to build infrastructure now, to
support the large population inflow, making
them the fastest growing source of GHG
emissions
 Cities continuously face the challenge to 70%
balance development and environmental needs global
GHG
emissions
 Access to finance is critical to facilitate
low-GHG development in cities
Source: World Bank Institute
3

4. GHG emissions in Cities
Transportation of
Waste
Transport Waste Sources of emissions:
1. Transport
Traffic
2. Solid waste
Biogas-to-
management energy 3. Water
systems
4. Energy usage
Emission sink:
Pedestrian Energy
comfort
Sludge treatment Urban forestry
Heat
island effect
Efficient water
pumping
Urban Water
Forestry
Grey water reuse

5. Cities already work in a multi-sector framework
Urban services like Regulations such as
transport, waste, public building codes, vehicular
buildings, water services City emission and specific
and forestry (parks, Authorities awareness campaigns.
recreation areas). are
responsible
for: Improving the quality of
living for its residents
Understanding the
through urban planning
needs of their growing
and improved delivery of
population
municipal services.
Defining City’s future through
exercises such as, Master plans and
development strategies that outline
a vision for the city
Source: World Bank Institute

6. Marginal abatement cost curve for Mexico
• Cities have a major
role as emissions and
mitigation options are
concentrated there
• Transportation has a
large share
• Municipal services
and regulations under
its direct control
provide major
potential
• Benefits outweigh
the costs of these
mitigation actions
Recreated from Johnson et al. 2009

7. Illustration of GHG mitigation impact
Unit Tons of CO2e
GHG
Emission
(Cumulative)
Reductions
Year 1 10
Assumptions:
• 10% Annual growth of emissions in the Business As Usual (BAU) scenario
• Technology or measures implemented in each sector
• Implementation start date and length varies for project interventions in the 10 year period
• Emissions and emission reductions are cumulative

8. Cities are also engaged with climate change
ICLEI’s Cities for Climate Protection Campaign
1 Conduct a baseline inventory of global warming pollutants
2 Establish a target to lower emissions
Develop a local Climate Action Plan (CAP) to implement
3 actions that reduce global warming pollution
4 Implement the local Climate Action Plan
5 Measure, verify and report performance
The CCP’s 5 Milestones provides a simple, standardized means to enable communities to effectively
reduce the emissions from both government operations and the community as a whole.
Other key initiatives supporting climate change agenda in Cities are: UNEP, UN-HABITAT, Cities
Alliance, C40, UCLG
A variety of ongoing tools are such as Global City Indicators program, GHG Emission Standard…
Source: World Bank Institute Local Governments for sustainability – www.iclei.org

9. Greater Amman CWACF Program Framework
Amman Green
Growth Program
Sustainable Urban Urban
Waste
Energy Transport Forestry
EE street lighting Bus Rapid Transit Plantations
Landfill gas to energy
system
Residential CFL Light Rail Transit Urban agriculture
Plastics Recycling
system
Slaughterhouse waste-to- Solar water heaters Fuel switch for public
energy vehicles
Wind farm
Buildings EE

10. The Rio de Janeiro CWACF Program Framework
Carbon
Markets Sold Retired
Registry
Rio’s Reduction
Target
Businesses Industry
$
Carbon
Assets
Rio Participants Project Data
MRV System
Verifier

11. Mexico -- Scaling-up of mitigation action: from a PoA to NAMA
Increase in mortgage penetration
Mitigation action is scaled up
CONAVI INFONAVIT FOVISSSTE SHF
from PoAs to NAMAs through
CFL Eff WH SHW Imp Insu Eff Ref Eff AC LED light PV
incremental enhancement to:
PoA-1
 increased penetration (more Esta es tu Casa
houses covered during the
same time) through additional
mortage providing entities PoA-2
Hipoteca Verde
and/or
 technology up-scaling (more
ambitious efficiency standards More technologies used
and/or inclusion of additional
technologies). Residential NAMA
Residential and Urban
NAMAs consist of measures
with robust MRV so that it will
be a creditable NAMA Urban NAMA
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12. Muchas gracias!
For more information:
jandreu@worldbank.org