1. 3 C H A P T E R The Biomechanics of Resistance Exercise Everett Harman

2. Chapter Outline  The musculoskeletal system  Human strength and power  Sources of resistance to muscle contraction  Joint biomechanics: concerns in lifting  Movement analysis and exercise prescription

3. Muscle Pulling Force Manifested As a Pushing Force

4. Muscle Pulling Force Manifested As a Pulling Force

5. Front View of Adult Male Human Skeleton

6. Rear View of Adult Male Human Skeleton

7. The Vertebral Column

8. Front View of Adult Male Human Skeletal Musculature

9. Rear View of Adult Male Human Skeletal Musculature

10. A Lever

11. A First-Class Lever (The Forearm)

12. A Second-Class Lever (The Foot)

13. A Third-Class Lever (The Forearm)

14. Changes in Mechanical Advantage: Knee Extension and Flexion

15. Changes in Mechanical Advantage: Elbow Flexion

16. Changes in Mechanical Advantage: During Weightlifting

17. M ost of the skeletal muscles operate at a considerable mechanical disadvantage. Thus, during sports and other physical activities, forces in the muscles and tendons are much higher than those exerted by the hands or feet on external objects or the ground. 

18. Variations in Tendon Insertion

19. Anatomical Planes of the Human Body

20. Muscle Fiber Arrangements

21. Interaction Between Actin and Myosin Filaments

22. Resistive Torque: Free Weight

23. Resistive Torque: Weight Stack

24. W hen a weight is held in a static position or when it is moved at a constant velocity, it exerts constant resistance, only in the downward direction. However, upward or lateral acceleration of the weight requires additional force. 

25. Supporting the Vertebral Column During Lifting: The Fluid Ball

26. R esistance training is quite safe compared with other sports and fitness activities. Prudence can keep injuries to a minimum. Basic safety principles include good lifting form, appropriate resistance, accommodation to injuries, balance, and variety. 

27. S pecificity is a major consideration when designing an exercise program to improve performance in a particular sport activity. The sport movement must be analyzed qualitatively or quantitatively to determine the specific joint movements that contribute to the whole-body movement. Exercises that use similar joint movements are then emphasized in the resistance training program. 