20. Friendship- some young people the people they ‘hang out’ with are their group of friends in a group rather that it being a gang.
21. Status Frustration- Albert Cohen (1955) said that some working class children fail to succeed in school and so join a gang so that they have a new and higher status.
22. Sense of belonging- Walter Miller (1958) says that gang membership offers young people a sense of belonging
23. Peer group pressure – joining a gang can be a rite of passage. It is not optional as you could be picked on if you don’t join.
24.
25. Identify and explain 2 examples of a transitional stage from Britain and another culture (8)
26. ‘The term youth is just a social construction’. Evaluate the arguments for and against this claim. (24)