This document discusses different types of chemical bonds: ionic bonds form when one atom transfers an electron to another atom due to differences in electronegativity, while covalent bonds form when atoms share electrons due to similar electronegativity. Ionic bonds result in charged ions, while covalent bonds can be nonpolar or polar depending on electronegativity differences. Water is an example of a polar covalent molecule with partial charges on the oxygen and hydrogen ends. Hydrogen bonds are electrostatic attractions between polar molecules that are stronger than other intermolecular forces.

1. CHEMICAL BONDS
(atoms joining together)
Miss Sofia Paz

2. CHEMICAL BONDS
Process of SHARING
or TRANSFERRING
electrons
(attraction)
Ionic bond
Covalent Bond

3. CHEMICAL BONDS
Electronegativity values of
two atom are different...
Ionic bonds are formed,
electrons are transferred
Electronegativity values of two
atom are similar..
COVALENT
1.Nonpolar Covalent bonds form
when the electronegativity values
are very similar.
2.Polar Covalent bonds form
when the electronegativity values
are a little further apart.
Covalent bonds form between
two non-metal atoms.
IONIC BOND
COVALENT BOND

4. Ionic bond
One atom transfers
an electron to
another atom
(Electronegativity values of
two atom are different)

6. Atoms colide
and Cl strips
Na’s outer
electron
Cl has 8
electrons on its
outer level
Na has 8 on its
outer level
Electric balances have changed.

7. Two atoms share electrons
(Electronegativity values of
two atom are similar)
Covalent Bonds

8. Covalent Bonds

9. Covalent Bonds

10. Covalent Bonds

11. WATER
Polar Covalent Bond
Oxygen end of the
molecule has a slight
negative charge
The end with the
two hydrogen
atoms is slightly
positive.

12. Two or
more atoms
held
together by
covalent
bonds.
# and types
of atoms in a
molecule
# and types
of atoms in
a molecule
How atoms
are linked
by bonds
MOLECULES
Atoms and complexes
connected by non-covalent
bonds such as hydrogen
bonds or ionic bonds are
generally not considered
single molecules

13. Chemical reactions
Rearrangement of molecules.
Existing bonds break and
new ones form, resulting in
the formation of new
substances.
Release more
energy than
they absorb
Absorb more
energy than they
release.
EXOTHERMIC
REACTION
Endothermic reaction

14. Chemical reactions do not
create or destroy atoms,
but only rearrange them.
These rearrangements
usually involve breaking
chemical bonds in
reactants and forming new
bonds in products.
Exothermic reaction
Endothermic reaction
sunlight + 6CO2(g) + H2O(l) = C6H12O6(aq) + 6O2(g)
Release more energy than they absorb
Absorb more energy than they
release
Chemical reactions

15. The structure of Water
The end with
the two
hydrogen atoms
is slightly
positive.
Oxygen end of the molecule has a slight
negative charge
POLAR MOLECULE!!

16. The electromagnetic
attractive interaction
between polar
molecules, in which
hydrogen (H) is
bound to a highly
electronegative
atom, such as
nitrogen (N), oxygen
(O) or fluorine (F).
Hydrogen bond
is not a true bond but a strong dipole-
dipole attraction, and should not be
confused with a covalent bond

17. Q:How can water molecules
be compared to magnets?
A:Both water molecules and magnets have opposite poles that
cause them to be attracted to each other in a specific
orientation.

18. Life-Supporting Properties of WATER
WATER
H2O
Cohesion
&
Adhesion
Temperature
Moderation
Dissolve
Substances
Low
density of
ice

19. Life-Supporting Properties of WATER
WATER
H2O
Cohesion
&
Adhesion
Temperature
Moderation
Dissolve
Substances
Low
density of
ice

20. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WbadROu
9umc
Life-Supporting Properties of WATER

21. Life-Supporting Properties of WATER
WATER
H2O
Cohesion &
Adhesion

22. Life-Supporting Properties of WATER
WATER
H2O
Temperature
Moderation

23. Life-Supporting Properties of WATER
WATER
H2O
Dissolve
Substances

24. Life-Supporting Properties of WATER
WATER
H2O
Low density
of ice