2. Ionic Bonding
Ionic Bonding occurs between metals
and nonmetals.
Electrons are transferred from the metal
atoms to the nonmetal atoms.
The driving force behind ionic bonds is
that cations (+ ion) give up electrons
and anions (- ions) accept electrons to
make Noble Gas Configurations
3. Ionic Bond Formation
Check your Bohr models to see how
many electrons an element will
want to lose or gain. Mark each
family.
The resulting electrostatic forces are
what hold the two ions together.
Total charges on an ionic
compound are equal but opposite.
6. Draw what happens
when sodium reacts with
chlorine to form sodium
chloride
DRAW THE DOT AND CROSS DIAGRAM TOO.
7. Naming Ionic Compounds
1. Always name the cation (positively charged ion)
first, the anion (negatively charged ion) second
2. Use the name of the cation without any
alterations.
3. Use the root and “-ide” to the end for anions
4. For the transition metals, use brackets and
Roman Numerals after the name to denote its
charge
9. Polyatomic Ions
Poly – Many Atomic - Atoms
Ions formed of multiple atoms usually covalently
bonded together and should be treated as one
entity.
Nitrate: NO3
-
10. Polyatomic Ions
Pb2+
+ 2 NO3
-
→ Pb(NO3)2
The brackets tell
us that
everything inside
is doubled.
12. Try These
Iron (III) Nitrate
Al2(CO3)3
KOH
Silver (II) Sulfate
Calcium Bicarbonate
Fe(NO3)3
Aluminum Carbonate
Potassium Hydroxide
Ag2SO4
Ca(HCO3)2
13. Ionic Bonding
Properties:
Solids at room temperature
Due to strong electrostatic
interactions between the cation (+
ion) and anion (- ion).
Tend to have high melting points
Typically quite hard
14. Ionic Bonding
Properties (cont’d)
Poor conductors in solid state
The electrons are being taken up in the
bonding
Great conductors when molten or
aqueous
When the ions dissociate the electrons are
free to move and pass the charge
15. Ionic Bonding
Properties (cont’d)
Most dissolve or dissociate nicely in water
Water has partial charges that interact with
the ions’ charges
17. Ionic Structure
Ionic compounds join together to
form Crystal Lattice Structures
The atoms arrange themselves in
such a way that gives the structure
stability
19. Determining the Crystal
Structure
We use a technique called X-Ray
Crystallography
X-rays are shot at a sample and will
bounce off the atoms in a specific
pattern according to how they’re
arranged.
21. Crystal Structures
A lot depends on the size of the ions.
Na+
is relatively small compared to
Cl-
so it can slip in between the Cl-
ions and form a simple cubic
structure.
Cs+
, however, is about the same size
as Cl-
so it’s more like packing ping-
pong balls.
