The document discusses brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), which allow humans to control external devices using brain signals alone. It provides an overview of BCIs, including their definition, components, training processes, and applications. BCIs could potentially help paralyzed individuals control devices, but face challenges from weak brain signals, complex neural connections, and lack of portability. Future improvements may enable more minimally invasive surgery, improved prosthetics, and calibration with fewer trials.

1. BRAIN
COMPUTER INTERFACE
Presented By:
Soumee sharmila
pattnaik
1

2. In the futuristic vision of the Wachowskibrothers’
movie trilogy “The Matrix”, humans dive into a
virtual world by connecting their brains directly to
a computer……..
MOVIE FICTION: THE MATRI
X
2

3. OVERVIEW
.Definition
.General Principle
.Background
.ComponenT
.Simplified model of BCI
.Training of BCI system
.Present Development and Future
.Applications
.BCI for Healthy Users
.Drawbacks
.Computational Challenges
Future Expansion
.Conclusion 3

4. A Brain
Computer Interfa
ce (BCI) is a
collaboration
in which a
brian accepts an
d controls a
mechanical
device as a
natural part of its 4

5. Signals from an array of neurons
read.
Cerebral electric activityrecorded.
Signals are amplified.
Transmitted to
computer Transformed to
devicecontrol commands.
Using computer chips
andprograms.
Signals translated intoaction. 5

6. 6

7. The implant
device,or chronic
multi-electrode
array.
The
signal recording
and processingse
ction.
An external
devicethe subject
uses toproduce &
controlmotion.
A feedback
section tothe
subject
7

8. Conduct electricity
Biocompatible
material(teflon)
Chemically inert
Provide the electrical
contactbetween the skin and
the
EEG recording apparatus
8

9. 9

10. Two different
approaches:
.Pattern
RecognitionApproach
.Operant
ConditioningApproach
BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR 10
LEARNING MODE

11. Development of BCI
Early work:
Algorithms to reconstruct movements from
motor cortexneurons, which control movement were
developed in 1970s.The first Intra-Cortical Brain-
Computer Interface was built
byimplanting neurotrophicconeelectrodes into
monkeys.After conducting initial studies in rats during
the 1990s, researchersdeveloped Brain Computer
Interfaces that decoded brain activity in monkeys and
used the devices to reproduce monkey movement in
robotics arm.
Present Developments:
.BCI for Tereaplegics
.Brain controlled Robot
‘.BRAINGATE’ BCI
.ATR HONDA’s new BCIBCI2000 11

12. BCI2000
.BCI
2000 is an open-source, general-purpose system
for
.BCI
research.It can also be used for data
acquisition,stimulus presentation, and
brainmonitoring applications.During operation,
.BCI
2000 stores datain a common format (
.BCI
2000 native orGDF).
.BCI
2000 also includes several tools fordata import
or conversion and exportfacilities into ASCII.
.BCI 12

13. BCI APPLICATIONS
.Medical
applications(restoration of
a communication channel for
patients with locked-in syndrome
and the control
of neuroprosthesesin patients
affected by spinal cord injuries )
.Counter terrorism(10 times faster
image search)
.multimedia and virtual reations
.millitary applications
13

14. BCI FOR HEALTHY USERS
.Induced disability
.Ease of use in
hardware.
Ease of use in software.
Otherwise unavailableinf
ormation.
Improved training
orperformance.
Confidentiality.
Speed.
Novelty. 14

15. DRAWBACKS
.EEGs measure tiny voltage poten
tials. The signal is weak and
prone to interference.
.Each neuron is constantly
sending and
receivinG signals throuh a comple
x web of connections.
. There are chemical processes
involved as well, which EEGs
can't pick up on.
.The equipment heavy(~10 lbs.)
& hencenot portable.
15

16. COMPUTATIONAL CHALLENGES
AND
FUTURE IMPLEMENTATIONS
.Minimally invasive surgical
methods.
.Next generation
Neuroprosthesis.
.Vision prosthesis.
.BCI for totally paralyzed.
.Minimal number of calibration
trials.
.Development of telemetry chip
to collect data without external
cables. 16

17. CONCLUSION
.A potential
therapeutic tool.
.BCI System is
nominated for the
European ICT Grand
price.
.Potentially high
impact technology.
17

18. REFERENCES
.www.howstuffworks.com
.www.techalone.com
.www.brainlab.org
. www.wikipedia.org
.http://en.wikipedia.org/w
iki
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