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The imperfect tense
 (El tiempo imperfecto)
      Antes, siempre     Sí, pero con las
     hacía mis compras     rebajas que
       en las mejores    ofrecen en este
         boutiques.        almacén . . .
                           ¡qué ganga!
The conjugation of -ar verbs
Just as with other tenses, we always start with
the stem of the verb.
                                         Notice the
                   hablar                  written
                                        accent mark!

         hablaba          hablábamos
         hablabas         hablabais only on the
                                    nosotros form

         hablaba          hablaban
There are no irregular -ar verbs in the imperfect!
The conjugation of -er verbs
           comer
    comía         comíamos
    comías        comíais
    comía         comían
     All forms have a written
         accent over the í.
The conjugation of -ir verbs
                   escribir
          escribía           escribíamos
          escribías          escribíais
          escribía           escribían
             All forms have a written
                 accent over the í.
Notice that the conjugation of -ir verbs is identical to
that of -er verbs.
There are only three irregular verbs!
                 ser            Notice the
                                  written
                               accent mark!

          era          éramos
          eras         erais only on the
                              nosotros form

          era          eran
There are only three irregular verbs!
                 ir           Notice the
                                written
                             accent mark!

          iba         íbamos
          ibas        ibais only on the
                            nosotros form

          iba         iban
There are only three irregular verbs!
                 ver
         veía          veíamos
         veías         veíais
         veía          veían
         All forms have a written
             accent over the í.
The use of the imperfect
 The imperfect is always used to express
 age and time of day in the past:

Yo tenía quince años cuando aprendí a manejar.
 I was fifteen years old when I learned to drive.

Eran las diez cuando el tren llegó a la estación.
 It was ten o’clock when the train arrived at the
 station.
The use of the imperfect
While the preterit tense is used to describe
actions viewed as completed, the imperfect is
used to . . .
• Express that which happened habitually
• Express ongoing actions and states in the past,
  without reference to their beginning or ending
• Express mental, physical, and emotional states in
  the past
• Describe scenarios and situations in the past
• Express indirect statements
The use of the imperfect
Expressing the habitual (used to, would)
  One of the classic uses of the imperfect is to
  describe our childhood habits and activities:
Cuando yo era niño, yo . . .
  When I was a child, I . . .
  . . . siempre estudiaba solo en mi cuarto.
       . . . always studied (used to study) alone in my room.

  . . . jugaba con mis amiguitos todos los días.
       . . . would play with my friends every day.
The use of the imperfect
Expressing the habitual (used to, would)
Cuando yo era niño, yo . . .
  When I was a child, I . . .
  . . . comía cereal cada mañana.
       . . . used to eat cereal every morning.
  . . . leía tebeos todo el tiempo.
       . . . read comic books all the time.
  . . . iba todos los veranos a Disneylandia con mis
  padres.
       . . . would go to Disneyland every summer with my
       parents.
The use of the imperfect
Expressing the habitual (used to, would)
Of course, the imperfect is not limited to discussing
childhood activities. Any habitual activities are
expressed in the imperfect.
    Pedro comía en ese restaurante todos los
    sábados.
      Pedro used to eat at that restaurant every
      Saturday.
    Ana iba de compras todo el tiempo.
      Ana used to go shopping all the time.
The use of the imperfect
While the preterit tense is used to describe
actions viewed as completed, the imperfect is
used to . . .
• Express that which happened habitually
• Express ongoing actions and states in the past,
  without reference to their beginning or ending
• Express mental, physical, and emotional states in
  the past
• Describe scenarios and situations in the past
• Express indirect statements
The use of the imperfect
  Expressing the ongoing (was . . . ing)
The imperfect expresses something that was
happening at a given time, without reference to its
beginning or ending:
  Roberto estudiaba en su cuarto.
   Roberto was studying in his room.
  Elena lavaba los platos en la cocina.
    Elena was washing the dishes in the kitchen.
Ayer a eso de las cuatro yo leía el periódico mientras
mi esposa miraba la tele.
   Yesterday around four o’clock I was reading the
   newspaper while my wife was watching TV.
The use of the imperfect
 Expressing the ongoing (was . . . ing)
Frequently the ongoing action is interrupted by another
abrupt or completed action that is expressed, of course,
in the preterit:
 Roberto estudiaba en su cuarto cuando el teléfono
 sonó.
   Roberto was studying in his room when the phone rang.
 Elena lavaba los platos en la cocina cuando alguien
 tocó a la puerta.
   Elena was washing the dishes in the kitchen when
   someone knocked at the door.
The use of the imperfect
 Expressing the ongoing (was . . . ing)
Frequently the ongoing action is interrupted by another
abrupt or completed action that is expressed, of course,
in the preterit:
Conversábamos con el dependiente cuando Lourdes
entró en la joyería.
  We were talking with the clerk when Lourdes entered the
  jewelry store.

Las chicas salían de la tienda cuando Jorge las vio.
  The girls were leaving the store when Jorge saw them.
The use of the imperfect
While the preterit tense is used to describe
actions viewed as completed, the imperfect is
used to . . .
• Express that which happened habitually
• Express ongoing actions and states in the past,
  without reference to their beginning or ending
• Express mental, physical, and emotional states in
  the past
• Describe scenarios and situations in the past
• Express indirect statements
The use of the imperfect
Expressing mental, physical and emotional states
  Alicia estaba contenta durante el concierto.
      Alicia was happy during the concert.
  Nos sentíamos mal después de comer allí.
     We felt sick after eating there.
  De niño yo siempre creía en Santa Claus.
      As a child I always believed in Santa Claus.
  Los estudiantes no querían estudiar aunque
  sabían que era necesario.
      The students didn’t want to study even though they
      knew that it was necessary.
The use of the imperfect
While the preterit tense is used to describe
actions viewed as completed, the imperfect is
used to . . .
• Express that which happened habitually
• Express ongoing actions and states in the past,
  without reference to their beginning or ending
• Express mental, physical, and emotional states in
  the past
• Describe scenarios and situations in the past
• Express indirect statements
The use of the imperfect
     Describing scenarios and situations
Era un día triste. Hacía muy mal tiempo y llovía.
Yo leía en mi cuarto y esperaba una llamada
telefónica. Anita practicaba el piano en la sala y
los niños jugaban a la pata coja en el garaje.

It was a sad day. The weather was very bad and it was
raining. I was reading in my room and waiting for a
telephone call. Anita was practicing the piano in the
living room and the children were playing hopscotch in
the garage.
The use of the imperfect
While the preterit tense is used to describe
actions viewed as completed, the imperfect is
used to . . .
• Express that which happened habitually
• Express ongoing actions and states in the past,
  without reference to their beginning or ending
• Express mental, physical, and emotional states in
  the past
• Describe scenarios and situations in the past
• Express indirect statements
The use of the imperfect
     Expressing indirect statements
Carlos dijo que Juan venía a mi casa a las ocho.
 Carlos said that Juan was coming to my house at eight
 o’clock.
Los agentes afirmaron que los espías hablaban
muy bien el inglés.
 The agents affirmed that the spies spoke English very well.
El volante policíaco representa que el delincuente
era bajo y cojeaba un poco.
 The police flyer states that the criminal was short and
 limped somewhat.
Overview of the use of the imperfect
 1. Age and time of day in the past
     Yo tenía treinta años cuando me
    casé. thirty years old when I got married.
      I was
    Eran las tres cuando Hugo llegó.
      It was three o’clock when Hugo arrived.
 2. Habitual action
    De niño, yo siempre comía cereal.
      As a child, I always used to eat cereal.
    Íbamos al parque con frecuencia.
      We would go to the park frequently.
    Hablábamos español en nuestra casa.
     We spoke Spanish in our house.
Overview of the use of the imperfect
 3. Ongoing action

   Carlos leía el periódico mientras su hijo cortaba
   el césped.
    Carlos was reading the newspaper while his son was
    mowing the lawn.
 4. Description—setting the scene
    Era un día muy lúgubre. El cielo estaba nublado
    y llovía a cántaros.
     It was a very gloomy day. The sky was cloudy and it
     was raining cats and dogs.
Overview of the use of the imperfect
 5. Mental, physical, and emotional states
   Juan pensaba que necesitaba más dinero del que
   tenía para el viaje.
     Juan thought that he needed more money than he
     had for the trip.

 6. Indirect statements
   Pancho dijo que su hermano vendía su coche.
     Pancho said that his brother was selling his car.
FIN

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El Imperfecto

  • 1. The imperfect tense (El tiempo imperfecto) Antes, siempre Sí, pero con las hacía mis compras rebajas que en las mejores ofrecen en este boutiques. almacén . . . ¡qué ganga!
  • 2. The conjugation of -ar verbs Just as with other tenses, we always start with the stem of the verb. Notice the hablar written accent mark! hablaba hablábamos hablabas hablabais only on the nosotros form hablaba hablaban There are no irregular -ar verbs in the imperfect!
  • 3. The conjugation of -er verbs comer comía comíamos comías comíais comía comían All forms have a written accent over the í.
  • 4. The conjugation of -ir verbs escribir escribía escribíamos escribías escribíais escribía escribían All forms have a written accent over the í. Notice that the conjugation of -ir verbs is identical to that of -er verbs.
  • 5. There are only three irregular verbs! ser Notice the written accent mark! era éramos eras erais only on the nosotros form era eran
  • 6. There are only three irregular verbs! ir Notice the written accent mark! iba íbamos ibas ibais only on the nosotros form iba iban
  • 7. There are only three irregular verbs! ver veía veíamos veías veíais veía veían All forms have a written accent over the í.
  • 8. The use of the imperfect The imperfect is always used to express age and time of day in the past: Yo tenía quince años cuando aprendí a manejar. I was fifteen years old when I learned to drive. Eran las diez cuando el tren llegó a la estación. It was ten o’clock when the train arrived at the station.
  • 9. The use of the imperfect While the preterit tense is used to describe actions viewed as completed, the imperfect is used to . . . • Express that which happened habitually • Express ongoing actions and states in the past, without reference to their beginning or ending • Express mental, physical, and emotional states in the past • Describe scenarios and situations in the past • Express indirect statements
  • 10. The use of the imperfect Expressing the habitual (used to, would) One of the classic uses of the imperfect is to describe our childhood habits and activities: Cuando yo era niño, yo . . . When I was a child, I . . . . . . siempre estudiaba solo en mi cuarto. . . . always studied (used to study) alone in my room. . . . jugaba con mis amiguitos todos los días. . . . would play with my friends every day.
  • 11. The use of the imperfect Expressing the habitual (used to, would) Cuando yo era niño, yo . . . When I was a child, I . . . . . . comía cereal cada mañana. . . . used to eat cereal every morning. . . . leía tebeos todo el tiempo. . . . read comic books all the time. . . . iba todos los veranos a Disneylandia con mis padres. . . . would go to Disneyland every summer with my parents.
  • 12. The use of the imperfect Expressing the habitual (used to, would) Of course, the imperfect is not limited to discussing childhood activities. Any habitual activities are expressed in the imperfect. Pedro comía en ese restaurante todos los sábados. Pedro used to eat at that restaurant every Saturday. Ana iba de compras todo el tiempo. Ana used to go shopping all the time.
  • 13. The use of the imperfect While the preterit tense is used to describe actions viewed as completed, the imperfect is used to . . . • Express that which happened habitually • Express ongoing actions and states in the past, without reference to their beginning or ending • Express mental, physical, and emotional states in the past • Describe scenarios and situations in the past • Express indirect statements
  • 14. The use of the imperfect Expressing the ongoing (was . . . ing) The imperfect expresses something that was happening at a given time, without reference to its beginning or ending: Roberto estudiaba en su cuarto. Roberto was studying in his room. Elena lavaba los platos en la cocina. Elena was washing the dishes in the kitchen. Ayer a eso de las cuatro yo leía el periódico mientras mi esposa miraba la tele. Yesterday around four o’clock I was reading the newspaper while my wife was watching TV.
  • 15. The use of the imperfect Expressing the ongoing (was . . . ing) Frequently the ongoing action is interrupted by another abrupt or completed action that is expressed, of course, in the preterit: Roberto estudiaba en su cuarto cuando el teléfono sonó. Roberto was studying in his room when the phone rang. Elena lavaba los platos en la cocina cuando alguien tocó a la puerta. Elena was washing the dishes in the kitchen when someone knocked at the door.
  • 16. The use of the imperfect Expressing the ongoing (was . . . ing) Frequently the ongoing action is interrupted by another abrupt or completed action that is expressed, of course, in the preterit: Conversábamos con el dependiente cuando Lourdes entró en la joyería. We were talking with the clerk when Lourdes entered the jewelry store. Las chicas salían de la tienda cuando Jorge las vio. The girls were leaving the store when Jorge saw them.
  • 17. The use of the imperfect While the preterit tense is used to describe actions viewed as completed, the imperfect is used to . . . • Express that which happened habitually • Express ongoing actions and states in the past, without reference to their beginning or ending • Express mental, physical, and emotional states in the past • Describe scenarios and situations in the past • Express indirect statements
  • 18. The use of the imperfect Expressing mental, physical and emotional states Alicia estaba contenta durante el concierto. Alicia was happy during the concert. Nos sentíamos mal después de comer allí. We felt sick after eating there. De niño yo siempre creía en Santa Claus. As a child I always believed in Santa Claus. Los estudiantes no querían estudiar aunque sabían que era necesario. The students didn’t want to study even though they knew that it was necessary.
  • 19. The use of the imperfect While the preterit tense is used to describe actions viewed as completed, the imperfect is used to . . . • Express that which happened habitually • Express ongoing actions and states in the past, without reference to their beginning or ending • Express mental, physical, and emotional states in the past • Describe scenarios and situations in the past • Express indirect statements
  • 20. The use of the imperfect Describing scenarios and situations Era un día triste. Hacía muy mal tiempo y llovía. Yo leía en mi cuarto y esperaba una llamada telefónica. Anita practicaba el piano en la sala y los niños jugaban a la pata coja en el garaje. It was a sad day. The weather was very bad and it was raining. I was reading in my room and waiting for a telephone call. Anita was practicing the piano in the living room and the children were playing hopscotch in the garage.
  • 21. The use of the imperfect While the preterit tense is used to describe actions viewed as completed, the imperfect is used to . . . • Express that which happened habitually • Express ongoing actions and states in the past, without reference to their beginning or ending • Express mental, physical, and emotional states in the past • Describe scenarios and situations in the past • Express indirect statements
  • 22. The use of the imperfect Expressing indirect statements Carlos dijo que Juan venía a mi casa a las ocho. Carlos said that Juan was coming to my house at eight o’clock. Los agentes afirmaron que los espías hablaban muy bien el inglés. The agents affirmed that the spies spoke English very well. El volante policíaco representa que el delincuente era bajo y cojeaba un poco. The police flyer states that the criminal was short and limped somewhat.
  • 23. Overview of the use of the imperfect 1. Age and time of day in the past Yo tenía treinta años cuando me casé. thirty years old when I got married. I was Eran las tres cuando Hugo llegó. It was three o’clock when Hugo arrived. 2. Habitual action De niño, yo siempre comía cereal. As a child, I always used to eat cereal. Íbamos al parque con frecuencia. We would go to the park frequently. Hablábamos español en nuestra casa. We spoke Spanish in our house.
  • 24. Overview of the use of the imperfect 3. Ongoing action Carlos leía el periódico mientras su hijo cortaba el césped. Carlos was reading the newspaper while his son was mowing the lawn. 4. Description—setting the scene Era un día muy lúgubre. El cielo estaba nublado y llovía a cántaros. It was a very gloomy day. The sky was cloudy and it was raining cats and dogs.
  • 25. Overview of the use of the imperfect 5. Mental, physical, and emotional states Juan pensaba que necesitaba más dinero del que tenía para el viaje. Juan thought that he needed more money than he had for the trip. 6. Indirect statements Pancho dijo que su hermano vendía su coche. Pancho said that his brother was selling his car.
  • 26. FIN