John Keller's motivational theory outlines four categories to motivate learners: 1) gain attention through surprising events or questions, 2) ensure relevance through familiar examples and goals, 3) build confidence with clear expectations and challenge, and 4) provide satisfaction with natural consequences, feedback, and consistent standards. The theory was compiled from Keller's research on how to best capture and sustain learner interest, relate new concepts to their prior knowledge and experiences, help them build belief in their abilities to succeed, and reward accomplishments.

1. MOTIVATIONAL THEORY According to John Keller Compiled from the website: http://ide.ed.psu.edu/idde/ARCS.htm

3. 1. ATTENTION

7. 2. RELEVANCE

11. 3. CONFIDENCE

15. 4. SATISFACTION