Reading skill & writing skill

2. It is a cognitive process of decoding symbols to deriveIt is a cognitive process of decoding symbols to derive
meaning from text (as in reading a book or reading music).meaning from text (as in reading a book or reading music).
Three Components of ReadingThree Components of Reading
1.1.DecodingDecoding
2.2.ComprehensionComprehension
3.3.RetentionRetention

3. Decoding refers to the process of translating a printed word into aDecoding refers to the process of translating a printed word into a
soundsound..
Comprehension
It is defined as the level of understanding of a text/message. ThisIt is defined as the level of understanding of a text/message. This
understanding comes from the interaction between the words that areunderstanding comes from the interaction between the words that are
written and how they trigger knowledge outside the text/message.written and how they trigger knowledge outside the text/message.
Retention
The condition of retaining (keeping) something. It could be inThe condition of retaining (keeping) something. It could be in
the Short term memory or Long term Memory.the Short term memory or Long term Memory.

4. There are two types of reading.
Intensive
Extensive

5. Extensive Reading
Extensive reading is carried out "to achieve a general
understanding of a text."
 The aims of extensive reading are to build reader
confidence and enjoyment.
Intensive Reading
- careful or in-depth reading
- you read for details and extract specific
info on particular topics
- has several techniques or sub-types:
scanning, skimming, exploratory reading,
study reading, critical reading, and
analytical reading

6. Why is reading Important ?
1. Reading is a vital skill in finding a good job.
2. Reading is important because it develops the mind.
3. It is how we discover new things.
4. Reading develops the imagination.
5. Reading develops the creative side of people.
6. Reading helps to expand the vocabulary

7. Reading strategies
1. Play word games.
2. Read aloud every day
3. Model reading as an enjoyable activity.
4. Listen to books.
5. Read to your child every night
6. Engage children’s senses while learning.

8. 1. Mumbling
2. Underlining key words/rereading
3. Start the conclusion
4. The Special Reading Place
5. Reading aloud to someone
6. Someone reading aloud to you
7. Skimming/Reading
8. Marginal Notes: Talking with the text
9. annotate a text
10. A reward
11. Hearing the text inside your head

9. Reading Teacher’s RoleReading Teacher’s Role
1. Diagnose each student’s reading skills to ascertain the grade level
of the material that the student can read.
2. Be aware of the reading demands and teaching strategies of the
content areas so that these skills can be highlighted and
reinforced.
3. Provide instruction in these skills at the appropriate level of
difficulty.

10.  Writing can be said to be the act of forming the
symbols: making marks on flat surface of some
kind.
 Writing is a process where symbols have to be
arranged according to a certain conventions to
form words and words have to be arranged to
form sentences.

11.  Writing aims to capture a thought or idea, to transfer it
to a permanent format, making it tangible.
 If communication is the ultimate goal, write for your
audience, not for personal style.
 Writing has to be much clearer than spoken language
because it lacks these assisting cues
 Students’ performance is assessed through written
work.
 Documentation is mostly done in written form.

12.  Free writing
 Independent Writing
 Process writing
 Easy writing
 Narrative writing
 Expository writing
 Persuasive writing

13. Teach students how to hold pen or pencil
Encourage students to write with pencil at early stages
Scribbling, and drawing lines, shapes, and pictures
are the first steps towards writing.
Dictation frequently at earlier stage.
Drawing should be encouraged by providing time and
materials as soon as children are old enough to hold a
crayon.
Focus grammar

14. Write every day it’s better to practice for fifteen
minutes every day than to practice for two hours three
times a week
Establish time for daily writing at school as well as at
home
Display students good writing pieces

15.  Scribbling
 Drawing lines
 Construct and de construct words
 Dot writing
 Dictation
 Copying