1. The document summarizes observations from visits to bioshield project villages in Sri Lanka, including non-mangrove and mangrove sites. 2. Recommendations are provided for improving bioshield designs, nursery practices, species selection, planting patterns, and training community members on maintenance and propagation techniques. 3. Overall, the communities were engaged but participation could be increased, nursery practices and bioshield designs need more structure, and thorough training is required for maintenance, monitoring and propagation skills.

1. Bioshield programme in the project villages of Sri Lanka – some observations Dr. V. Selvam Programme Director M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation Chennai, India

3. Villages visited and nature of bioshield Non-mangroves Kalumunai Maruthamunai Karaitheevu Amparai Non-mangroves Walhangoda Bramanawatta Pathegama Galle Non-mangrove Bathigama, Talalla Pelana Matara Mangroves Madilla Hambatotta Sand dune, non-mangrove, mangrove Adaragagasyaya Hambantota Sand dune, non-mangrove, mangroves Wandruppa Hambantota Bioshield Village District

4. Village 1. WANDRUPPU Sand dune Associated vegetation Village River Mangroves Open area 1.5 km SEA Profile

5. Sand dune Stakeholders have developed a good design Sea Foreshore Back dune Crest Front dune Spinifex Ipomea Scaevola Bushy type Cassia Morinda Calotropis Casuarina Coconut Terminalia etc.,

6. Sand dune - Suggestions 1.One of the choices of the people in back dune is PHONIX – related livelihood It may be included – propagation technique – training necessary 2.Scaevola propagation technique – people should be trained 3.Already GOAL planted casuarina – how to coordinate?

8. Open area Scaevola Pandanus

9. Mangrove area Sonneratia caseolaris – KIRALA Fruit used to make a drink Well conserved – Acrostichum, a weed spreading Preventing nal increase in population Suggestion: Manual removal of Acrostichum And planting of seedlings of Kirala Issue: Technique to remove Acrostichum Propagation technique for Kirala Acrostichum Suggestion: Training Issue: GOAL Project site

10. Village 2. ANDRAGASYAYA Pandanus Sand dune Mangroves

11. Sand dune…... Complex multiple dune system Stabilized – creepers, some bushy type of vegetation, Pandanus occasionally seen

13. Mangroves…... A small mangrove ecosystem Dominated by Luminitzera racemosa (veronia) Some part of the mangroves is fenced by the Forest Department for restoration and Conservation FD has also introduced some species like Rhizophora, Bruguiera etc.

14. A part of the land is undertaken for raising mangroves – typical wetland suitable for raising mangroves There is a dispute – govt. planning to allot this land to villagers – a community leader informed he would solve this problem and get the land allotted Suitable for Integrated Brackish water farming or canal plantation Canal plantation Rhizophora can be planted along the canal Luminitzera can be planted in between Maintenance will be a major issue - grazing THERE IS A NEED FOR DEEPENING OF THE CANAL – DRAINAGE Save the paddy field and provide more water for mangroves

15. B U N D Brackish water farming system to integrate mangroves plantation and culture Of fish and crabs Fish/ Crab Outlet Inlet Inner bund with mangroves Halophytes can also grown as cash crops Gravity flow of tidal water

16. View of the Integrated Seawater farm Inner bund TIDAL OUTLET Mangrove plantation Outer bund Grow out area For fish, crab

17. Rhizophora plantation Sesuvium plantation A halophyte can be used as a salad

22. MATARA DISTRICT and GALLE DISTRICT Bathigama, Talalla and Pelana and Walhangoda,Bramanawatta and Pattegama Only non-mangrove bioshield Bathigama - about 1 km long 2 to 5 m wide Talalla - about 1.5 km 2 to 10 m wide Pelana - about 1 km

23. General feature very narrow beach Physiographically may be divided into three zones Foreshore area or lower beach – Harsh environ. Wave Wind Salt spray Storm Beach crest Pandanus Scaevola Unidentified species Inland Ipomea Most of the areas converted

28. In case no space then Pandanus Can be planted in the front row

30. AMPARAI DISTRICT Villages : Kalmunai, Marathumunai, Karaitheevu Only non-mangrove bioshield Kalmunai - Beach Profile Sea Small sand dune Boat land 65 m CCD Tsunami affected area Given to CCD Residential area

31. Sea Small sand dune Boat land 65 m CCD Residential area Present plan No bioshield activity Bioshield Casuarina Cashew Coconut

33. Maruthamunai Profile and bioshield plan SEA Beach – no bioshield activity Wet area Casuarina Coconut already present Cashew in the middle Tsunami affected area Residential area 65m CCD