40. テスト:どの研究デザイン?
Active salvage chemotherapy versus best supportive care for patients
with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus
refractory or intolerable to fluorouracil, platinum, and taxane.
PURPOSE:The survival benefit of chemotherapy (CTx) compared with
best supportive care (BSC) is unclear in patients with recurrent or
metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (R/M-ESCC) previously
treated with fluorouracil (FU), platinum (PT), and taxane (TAX).
PATIENTS AND METHODS:The data of 283 consecutive patients with
R/M-ESCC, who could not tolerate or whose tumor was refractory to all
three agents (FU, PT, and TAX) between March 2003 and November
2014, were retrospectively reviewed. Patient selection criteria
were as follows: age 20-75 years, performance status 0-2, and
preserved organ function. Prognostic factors for overall survival (OS),
defined as survival time from the last administration of all three agents,
were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional
hazards model.
RESULTS:
40
PMID: 27778070 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-016-3179-3
RCT?コントロールありの観察研究?症例報告?
41. テスト:どの研究デザイン?
Active salvage chemotherapy versus best supportive care for patients
with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus
refractory or intolerable to fluorouracil, platinum, and taxane.
PURPOSE:The survival benefit of chemotherapy (CTx) compared with
best supportive care (BSC) is unclear in patients with recurrent or
metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (R/M-ESCC) previously
treated with fluorouracil (FU), platinum (PT), and taxane (TAX).
PATIENTS AND METHODS:The data of 283 consecutive patients with
R/M-ESCC, who could not tolerate or whose tumor was refractory to all
three agents (FU, PT, and TAX) between March 2003 and November
2014, were retrospectively reviewed. Patient selection criteria
were as follows: age 20-75 years, performance status 0-2, and
preserved organ function. Prognostic factors for overall survival (OS),
defined as survival time from the last administration of all three agents,
were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional
hazards model.
RESULTS:
41
PMID: 27778070 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-016-3179-3
RCT?コントロールありの観察研究?症例報告?
42. テスト:どの研究デザイン?
Effect of School-Based Home-Collaborative Lifestyle Education on Reducing Subjective
Psychosomatic Symptoms in Adolescents: A Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial.
In this study, we aimed to assess the effectiveness of a school-based home-
collaborative lifestyle education program for adolescents (PADOK) in reducing poor
subjective psychosomatic symptoms (SPS). The study was designed as a two-armed
parallel cluster randomised controlled trial and the study population comprised
adolescent students (aged 12-14 years, n = 1,565) who were recruited from 19
middle schools in Japan. The PADOK intervention or usual school programme was
provided in schools to all eligible participants. The primary outcome was the SPS score
at 6 months, while secondary outcomes included lifestyle factors, BMI, and dietary
intakes. Analyses were undertaken on an intention to treat (ITT) basis accounting for
the clustered design. Nineteen schools were randomised to the PADOK group (10
schools) and control group (9 schools). The numbers of students used for analysis
were 1,509 for ITT and 1,420 (94.1%) for PPS. At 6 months, the crude mean change
from baseline of the SPS scores by ITT analysis showed a significantly greater
reduction in the PADOK group compared to that in the control group (-0.95, 95% CI -
1.70 to -0.20, P = 0.016), while those for baseline-adjusted and multivariate-adjusted
values showed similar directionality but were not significant (P = 0.063 and P =
0.130). The results indicated that the PADOK program may improve poor SPS scores
among adolescents.
42
PMID: 27780251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165285
RCT?コントロールありの観察研究?症例報告?
43. テスト:どの研究デザイン?
Effect of School-Based Home-Collaborative Lifestyle Education on Reducing Subjective
Psychosomatic Symptoms in Adolescents: A Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial.
In this study, we aimed to assess the effectiveness of a school-based home-
collaborative lifestyle education program for adolescents (PADOK) in reducing poor
subjective psychosomatic symptoms (SPS). The study was designed as a two-armed
parallel cluster randomised controlled trial and the study population comprised
adolescent students (aged 12-14 years, n = 1,565) who were recruited from 19
middle schools in Japan. The PADOK intervention or usual school programme was
provided in schools to all eligible participants. The primary outcome was the SPS score
at 6 months, while secondary outcomes included lifestyle factors, BMI, and dietary
intakes. Analyses were undertaken on an intention to treat (ITT) basis accounting for
the clustered design. Nineteen schools were randomised to the PADOK group (10
schools) and control group (9 schools). The numbers of students used for analysis
were 1,509 for ITT and 1,420 (94.1%) for PPS. At 6 months, the crude mean change
from baseline of the SPS scores by ITT analysis showed a significantly greater
reduction in the PADOK group compared to that in the control group (-0.95, 95% CI -
1.70 to -0.20, P = 0.016), while those for baseline-adjusted and multivariate-adjusted
values showed similar directionality but were not significant (P = 0.063 and P =
0.130). The results indicated that the PADOK program may improve poor SPS scores
among adolescents.
43
PMID: 27780251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165285
RCT?コントロールありの観察研究?症例報告?
57. Eligibility sheet, SOFない場合の具体例
Types of studies
Randomized controlle d trials (RCTs), using
a parallel design, comparing surgical
stabilization (any type) with clinical
management
Types of participants
Adults or children with FC
Types of interventions
Any type of surgical intervention to stabilize FC
compared with clinical management. Clinical
management included any type of chest wall
stabilization without surgical intervention such as
strapsor bags and any type of ventilatory assistance.
57
Surgical versus nonsurgical interventions for flail chest (CD009919)
58. Eligibility sheet, SOFない場合の具体例
Types of outcome measures
Primary outcomes
• Mortality:
◦ early mortality (death from any cause within the 30
days following trauma);
◦ l ate mortality (death from any cause more than 30
days after trauma).
Secondary outcomes
• Long-term sequelae (chronic ch est wall pain or deformity).
• Adverse effects related to the interventions (wounds infection, bone infection,
pain).
• Adverse pulmonary evolution (pneumonia, adult respiratory distress syndrome,
and sepsis).
• Tracheostomy.
• Duration of mechanical ventilation.
• Length of ICU stay.
• Length of hospital stay.
58
Surgical versus nonsurgical interventions for flail chest (CD009919)
94. 参考文献
94
• Higgins JPT. & Green S (editors). Chapter 5: Defining the review
question and developing criteria for including studies: Cochrane
Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions - version 5.1.0
[updated March 2011]. Cochrane Collaboration. 2011;1–11.
• Yamakawa K, Aihara M, Ogura H, Yuhara H, Hamasaki T, Shimazu T.
Recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin in severe sepsis: a
systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thromb Haemost. 2015
• Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. Preferred reporting
items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA
statement. PLoS Med . 2009 Jul 21;6(7):e1000097.
• Annane D, Bellissant E, Pe B, Briegel J, Keh D, Kupfer Y.
Corticosteroids for treating sepsis ( Review ). 2015;(12).
• 相原守夫 『診療ガイドラインのためのGRADEシステム 第2版』
• Guyatt G, Oxman AD, Akl EA, Kunz R, Vist G, Brozek J, et al.
GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction - GRADE evidence profiles and
summary of findings tables. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011;64(4):383–94.
• Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Kunz R, Atkins D, Brozek J, Vist G, et al.
GRADE guidelines: 2. Framing the question and deciding on
important outcomes. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011;64(4):395–400.
文献を選び出す流れを記述したフローチャートです。
詳しくは、系統的レビューの報告に際して守るべき基準であるPRISMA Statementに書いてあります。
1. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med [Internet]. 2009 Jul 21 [cited 2013 Dec 12];6(7):e1000097. Available from: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2707599&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract
1. Yamakawa K, Aihara M, Ogura H, Yuhara H, Hamasaki T, Shimazu T. Recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin in severe sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thromb Haemost [Internet]. 2015;n/a – n/a. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jth.12841
みなさんには宿題で、PubMedまたは医中誌からの抽出をお願いしたところでした
重複を除くのは、Mendeleyが勝手にやってくれます。
1. Yamakawa K, Aihara M, Ogura H, Yuhara H, Hamasaki T, Shimazu T. Recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin in severe sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thromb Haemost [Internet]. 2015;n/a – n/a. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jth.12841
ここが今日やる所です
1. Yamakawa K, Aihara M, Ogura H, Yuhara H, Hamasaki T, Shimazu T. Recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin in severe sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thromb Haemost [Internet]. 2015;n/a – n/a. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jth.12841
参考にこのさきの文献抽出に関する流れです
1. Yamakawa K, Aihara M, Ogura H, Yuhara H, Hamasaki T, Shimazu T. Recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin in severe sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thromb Haemost [Internet]. 2015;n/a – n/a. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jth.12841
参考にこのさきの文献抽出に関する流れです
1. Yamakawa K, Aihara M, Ogura H, Yuhara H, Hamasaki T, Shimazu T. Recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin in severe sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thromb Haemost [Internet]. 2015;n/a – n/a. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jth.12841