運動と消費カロリーの計算式 運動とメンタルヘルス

1. Japanese Society of Physical Education
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酸 素 摂 取 量 か ら の 計 算 し た カ ロ リ ー 消 黄 髭 と 心 拍 法
R列R 法 お よ び 隈 法 に ょ る 値 と の 比 較
○ 北 川 喜 一郎 酉 谷 明子 早川 宏 子 鈴 木 昭太郎 （中央大 学 保 健体 育研究所 ）
心 拍 数 カ ロ リ
ー消 黄量 エ ネル ギ ー RMR METS
工 ．
’
ま え が き ．
従来 ，被験 者 の エ ネル ギ ー代謝湿 を カ ロ リ ー恒で算出す
る に は ， 呼気ガ ス 重 とそ の 温 度 ，お よび 酸 素 ，
二 敢化 炭棄
、ガ ス濃 度 を測定 して ， 呼 吸交換比 を勘案して 間接 的熱量計
算zateよ り非 蛋 白性 代謝 工 耄 ル ギ ー量 を 算 出す る （以 下 ，
常 法と呼ぶ）諳雑な過程に よ らな けれ ばな らなか v 冱6 筆
者 らは簡便 に 概算慷を求める 方怯 として ，運動時の 心拍数
か らカ
『⊃
リー磴 を 求 め る 方法 （以 下， 心 拍数法 と呼ぶ ） を
鞭告 したが ， 本 眼 告 は ， 性別 ， 年齢， 体表面積か ら求め 粒
墓 礎 代謝量 と 運動に よっ て 定 まるエ ネ ル ギ ー代謝畢 RMR
か らカ ロ リ ー値 を算出する方法 （以 下 ， RMR 法 と 呼ぶ ） お
よ び METS 値か ら計算す る方法 （以 下 ，
NeTstaと呼ぶ ）な
どに よ る 結果 を夫 々 比較 して ，心拍 法 の 実用 性 と各法 の 特
徴 を検 討 した もの で あ る 。
2 ，実 験 方法
2 ．1 被険者 に つ い て
健康 な身体 条 件 の 男性 5名 （平 均 年 齢 20。2 歳 ， 以 下 ，
M 群 で 示す） ， 女性 5名 （平均年齢 2：．4 歳以下， F 群で・
示す ） の 計 10 名 に つ い て の 測 定 星 行 な っ た。
2 ．2 運動負 荷rtttつ い て
トレ ツ ド ミ 丿レ 電…使 ｝穏レ，速 度 を O − 200m ！面in ， 傾
斜角度 0度の 運 動負荷条件を 基準 と し 卩 各被険者に
一定の
運動負荷 を 5 分間与え た後 に 5 分問 の 休 息 を行な うこ とを
一行程 と して 測定 を行な っ た 。以下 ，文 中 では運 動 負荷 量
を速度で し萄 し沌 。
2 ．3 測定項巨
呼吸数 R 卿R ワ（Nノ 即in ） ， 呼気量VE（1ノ 旧「n） g 呼気艶昆 度
（
OF， 3 、諜鸞 1 ）糴
騨矗 ス （X ）の
渦度， 1 使用 し
定し た 』 呼 気 量， 酸 素ガ ス濃度 お よ び 心 拍数 値は ，測 定
が ほ ぼ 安： 定 する測 定開 始 後 1 分 か ら5 分 迄 の 値 の 平 均
を使用 し た， 呼 気 畳， 酸素 濃 度の サ ン ブ リ ング タイム
5秒（デー タ数 ： C8 ） ，心 ・拍数 は 同1秒 （デ ー タ 数
240 ）で あるり 2
4 常 法によ る計 算 負蕎時
毎
の 酸棄摂取 量鴨 を 測 定
し ， 次式によ って工嘉 ル ギー消黄量（ kca
Imih ）を 計 算 し 抱9 ．エ ネ・・
ギ哨鰍 脚即 i
ρ
E ・ （P ・P．・4 鋤 ・ボ
2・
S ・1 白 数 法 己 こ よる計 r 算 次 式によって得 た値 に 被険
の
体重（ kg ）を掛 けてエネル ギー 消 費
（ kca ） ！min ）を求めた。 エ ネルギー
消黄量（kcal！kg ・
n ） ＝ ［ 2 ． 324 x （ 心 拍 数
・3
− 50
冫幗30rsB 〕
0 2 ．6 RMR 法 に よ る計算 被験者の体表面 積 を求
め
基 礎代 謝 重（kcal ！h ）を墓礎 代 1 謝基準恆 （20 厳 台：
性 37．O ， 女 性 34 ． O ，19 な 台：勇 性38 ． 2 ）
よって 計算し， こ の基礎代謝 重 とエ
ネル ギー 代謝率RMR から RMR
によ る エ ネ ル ギ ー消 黄 量 （
allmin ） を次式に よって 計算した
。 エ ネルギ ー消 黄 量（k
l ／ min ）：（
5 ＋ RMR ）X墓礎代 ． 謝量
@1 ／60 2 ・ 7 勃ETS 法に よ る 計 算
@ 水平進行畤の連度
から HETS値を 次式から
求め ド1
εTS（VO ml ／ 3．5隅 ；●kg・
n ） ； 匸 3 ． 5 鵬 1 尋 速 度 （ 閏 ！ 国ln ＞ A’
0 ．2mlj ／ 3 ．5 田 1 被険
の体量 V （
） を次 式
に代入してエネル ギー消 黄量を 計算した。 エネルギー 消黄量（kca
m 副． 陶 ）＝
METS 値 xV （ k8 ） ／ 60 （
n ） 3 ． 結 果 3 ・ 1 常法 によ っ て求めた
速 度に対 する 男女 被
険者 の エ ネ ル ギ 呻 消 鼠 量 の計算結果
では ，M 一 群 の散 布 度が F 一群 に比べてやや大
き く ，150m ！即 i
演 ﾗ 時で
鼬 Qの範 囲R ：5 ． t8 ， F 一群
D ；3 ．33 で あ v た一 3 ・ ， 2 心 珀法によって求めた
算出値 の
敏 布 の範 囲は常法に比ぺ て やや 大きく，t50m ！ 』，
in 負荷時で， Mr 群 R ：5 ．4
CF 一群R ：3 ． 57 と な っ 拒。 3．3 RMR 法 によ7て求
た値 算 出 蠖の散 布 の 範 囲 は，M 一群 で R ： 2 ，3 しF
群 R ：0 ． 72 と 前2 法 よ り も少な く ，ま
値 の速 度に対する変 化 が エ ネ ルギ
代謝 ＄の特 性 に比 例するこ とが 分か る。 3 ・ 4 MET
@ に よ って求め た恒 陀 TS 法 による 算 出値 の 変
化は
線 的で ，各被険者間 の 消 黄 カロリーの違 いが 体重 の み に よ る 特
が示
れ ，M 一 群
ﾌ範囲R ：2 ．23 ， F 一薜は R ： O ． 63 と 最 も 少ない煩
なっ
た
， 4 ．考 察 1 ） 各速度 負 荷 によ o て
険者が消黄す る 真のカロ リ ー 嶂は 常 怯 ’に 1 よ ¶っ℃求
沌値に近いものと考え ら れる 。 ’ 2 ） 心 拍法による結果を鴬法 と比 較す
と，常法 の標準 偏 差 S ． D ． ： 1 。154に た い し て 心多白
で は S ． D ， ： 1 ． 79 ？ と な ゆ ， 心 拍法の 散 布の 範
はやや大きい が， RMR 法 ある
はMErS 法とほぼ同 じ レ ベルの 消黄 カ ロリ ー激の 推 定 法 と
て 使 用．が可 能 であると 考え ら れる 。 3 ） RMR 法
よ る消黄カロ リ ー埴は ， 体裘面 積BSA と 速度 に る エネ
ギ ー代 謝
RMR で決ま る 事から，消黄カロ リー値 とBSA の 変 動 係数
同 咳 となり， 散布の 範囲が常法と 比べ 少 な
。 4 ＞門ETS 法 も変数を
険者の体重のみと し ている距め ， RMR 法 と 同様に散布
範囲が 常法
に
比ぺ 少ない。 文
献 1 ） 鈴木昭太郎，酉谷
子他：トレヅドミ ル の 運
動
負 荷に よ る エネル ギ ー 消黄童と
拍 数との関係，日本 体育学 会 第 3B 会大 会論 文鏑 （ 1
7） 2 ） 鈴木昭木郎，酉谷．明子他；
ト
ッ ドミルに
る 負 荷
童 の 運 動 機 能 に 与え
る影 響 ， 中 夾 大
学保健体 百 研 寃所 紀

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[Original]
The Effectsof a Walking Intervention on DepressiveFeelingsand Social
AdaptationinHealthyWorkers
AtsukoIKENoucHi-SuGHAi,ReijiYbsHiMuRAi, KazunariSuGuA2,Hikaru HoRit, Kumi YAMADA3,Mayumi SAKAuE3
and JunNAKAMuRAi
'Department
qlCRsychiattyfJZicultyqirMledicine,Uhiversityoj'Occupationaland EnvironmentalHealth, Jinpan,
l2Jhatanishi-ku,Kitakyushu 807-8555,Jinpan
2Department
of'Dermatologyhacutty ofMladicine,UhiversityofOccupationaland E"vironmental Htialth,.lapan,
}hhatanishi-ku,Kitalp;ushu807-8555, Jdpan
3
7bshiba CorporationSemiconductorCompa,oLKitalyushu Ciperations.Kbkurakita-ku,Kitakyushu 803-868a .lapan
Abstract : The effects of walking on mental healthproblemsamong healthyJapaneseworkers are not fu11yun-
derstood. In the presentstudy, we investigatedtheeffects of a fbur-weekwalking programon the psychological
functioningof a nonclinical sample ofhealthy workers in Japan. A total of 606 healthysubjects were enrolled inthe
study and were evaluated by theZung SelflratingDepressionScale(SDS)and the SocialAdaptationSelievaluation
Scale(SASS)bothbefbreand after the walking program. The subjects were dividedintoan exercising groupand a
non-exercising group, Therewere significant differencesinthe SDS and SASS scores betweentheexercising and the
non-exercising
groups.Following the walking
program,the non-exercising group's SDS scores decreasedand their
SASS scores increasedcompared to beforethe walking
program,In contrast, the SDS and SASS scores of the exer-
cising groupdidnot change. These results suggest that subjects who exercise regularly experience fewerdepressive
feelingsand exhibit bettersocial adaptation inthe workplace than those who do not exercise. The walking
program
improveddepressivefeelingsand social adaptation inthenon-exercising group,
Klay wortts : walking, mental health,depression,social adaptation, healthyworker.
(ReceivedNovember 2,2012, accepted December 1O,2012)
Introduction
Depression management inworkers isan important
component inthe fieldof occupational healthbecause
depressioncontributes to reduced work perfbrrnance,
absence from work, and, occasionally, to suicide [1].
Regular physicalexercise provides psychologicalben-
efits, includingreduced depressionand anxiety [2].
Ithas also been reported that exercise isusefu1 for
preventingdepressionand fbrtreating mild to moder-
ate depression[3].Althoughthe precisemechanisms
by which exercise isusefu1 formental healthremain
unknown [4],Severalstudies havedemonstratedthat
exercise increasesthe synthesis ofbrain-derived neu-
rotrophic factor(BDNF) [5],A recent study demon-
strated a negative correlation between plasmaBDNF
levelsand the severity ofmentaljeb stress [6].
A close negative correlation hasbeenfoundbetween
depressivesymptoms and social adaptation, meaning
that patientswith severe depressionhavepoor social
CorrespondingAuthor]AtsukolKENoucm-SuGrm,DepattmentofPsychiatrMFacultyofMedicine.UniversityofOccupationalandEnvironmenta
Japan.Ylahatanishi-ku,Kitakynshu807-8555,Japan.Tel:+ 81-93-603-1611ext2606. Fax:+81-93-692-4894, E-mail/atsuko-i@med.uoeh-u.ac.jp
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2 A IBENoucHi-SuGrrA et al
adaptation [7].An association betweendepressionand
impairedsocial functionhaslongbeenrecognized, and
itisacknowledged thatrecovery from depressionre-
quiresnot only the resolution of depressivesymptoms
butalso an improvementof the individual'spersonal
relationships insocial situations [8,9].
Ithas been reported thatwalking can lead to sub-
stantial improvementsinthe mood of patientswith
major depressivedisorders[10].However,theeffect
of walking on menta1 healthproblems among healthy
Japanese workers isnot fu11yunderstood, We there-
fore hypothesized that the interventionof walking
could have a beneficialeffect on depressivefeelings
and social adaptation inhealthyJapaneseworkers. To
confirm thishypothesis,we investigatedtherelation-
ship betweena walking interventionand the mental
status or social adaptations inhealthyJapanesework-
ers beforeand after participationina four-weekwalk-
mg program,
Methods
Subjectsandprocedures
We explained the effects ofwalking on physicaland
mental wellness, and describedthe four-weekwalk-
ingprogram through meetings and leafletspresented
to the 1,193 healthyworkers includedinthisstudy,
excluding workers who were on medical leave.We
recommended 30 minutes of walking per daywithout
regulating either the distanceor speed inthe wallcing
program period.In November 2008, 587 ofthese 1193
subjects didnot wish to participate,and the remaining
606 subjects (508males and 98 females;age, mean ±
SD = 41.02± 8.16years)agreed to participateinthe
walking program.The 606 subjects were dividedinto
an exercising
group (n=
151) and a non-exercising
group(n= 455) basedon responses toa questionnaire
[14].Subjectswho had the habitof exercising forat
least20 minutes twice per week were includedinthe
exercising group, while those who didnot have exer-
cise habitsfbrat least20 minutes twice perweek were
included in the non-exercising
group. The members
of the exercising group didnot stop theirregular ex-
ercise duringthiswalking program study (Fig.1).All
the participantsused a pedometer. Participantswere
dividedinte five-person groups,and each group re-
corded theirtotalsteps, competing against each other,
duringthestudy period.
All the participantswere evaluated by the Zung
SelflratingDepression Scale (SDS)and the Social
AdaptationSelfievaluationScale (SASS)both be-
fbreand after the walking program. In addition, to
rule out any psychiatricdisorders,all the participants
were screened by the StructuredClinicalInterviewfbr
DSM-IV-TR Disorders(SCID)[11-13].None of the
participantshadpsychiatricdisorders,This study was
approved by the EthicsCommittee of the University
of Occupationaland EnvironmentalHealth.Allthe
participantsgave their written informedconsent to
participateinthestudy.
Fig.1.Walking program study flow chart.

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INleilkingand Mental Health 3
SDS
The SDS isa 20-questionselflrating measure to as-
sess depressivesymptoms inadults over the previous
week. The advantages of the SDS includeitsease of
administration and itsbrevity[11].The SDS shows
good psychometricpropertiesas a screening tool for
depression,and has beenused to assess outcomes in
response totreatment ina wide range ofresearch. The
SDS has beenalso widely used to assess depressed
feelingsinthe generalpopulation[15-17].
SL4ss
Socialbehaviorshavebeen shown to exert a strong
infiuenceon determiningacceptance and rejection be-
tween strangers and friends[18].Deficitsinsocial ski11s
(e.g.,lackof smiling, sad facialexpression, avoidance
ofeye contact, monotonic speech, and lackof verbal re-
sponses) have been shown to be common among those
with low levelsof social contact and in depressedpa-
tients[19,20]. Thesesorts of behaviorwere foundto
result insocial rejection by strangers and friends[21].
Such behavioraltraitshavealso beensuggested toplay
an importantrole inthe etiology and maintenance of
depressivesymptoms, Thus, inthe etiology of depres-
sive disorders,social adaptation skills are considered
importantforadjustment to theworkplace, Bosc et aL
demonstratedthatsocial motivation could bemeasured
bythe SocialAdaptation SeleevaluationScale(SASS),
a 20-item selfreport questionnaire[12].The SASS has
beenshown to possess adequate psychometric proper-
tiesand good internalconsistency. Dubiniet al. fbund
thatdepressedpatientsreported lowerSASS scores than
didhealthyvolunteers [22].Furtherrnore,depressedpa-
tientshavebeenfoundto generallyhavelesssocial sup-
port. The Japaneseversion of theSASS was produced
by Goto et al.,who confirmed thatthe translatedinstru-
ment was suitable forevaluating social adaptation inthe
Japanesepopulation[23],The SASS hasalso beenvali-
datedand foundtobeeasy touse and sensitive tochang-
es indifferentsocial functioningareas [24,25].We have
recently reported thata significant negative correlation
was obtained betweenSASS and the Stressand Arousal
Check List(SACL),which assessesjob stress inhealthy
workers. Thus, we considered that some healthywork-
ers can wotk even ifthey have poorsocial adaptation
[6,26].
Statisticaianalysis
Tb compare the baselinecharacteristics ofthe SDS
and SASS, Student'st-testwas used to assess difTer-
ences betweenage and sex intheexercising and non-
exercising group. Apaired t-testwas also used to ex-
amine differencesinthe SDS and SASS scores before
and after the walking
program.ANOVA was used to
determinethe interactionof the effects of exercise
habitsand the walking program.Allstatisticalanaly-
ses were carried out using SAS version 9,1.
Results
Characteristicsof the panicipantsare presentedin
fable1.Age and sex hadno significant interactionef
fectson the aims ofstudy. The exercising grouptook
significantly more steps than the non-exercising group
duringthe walking program period (P< O,OOO1). All
participantscompleted the program.
Table1.Characteristicsofthe walking program participants
Characteristic Exercisinggroup Non Exercisinggroup
Men Wbmen All Men Wbmen All
NumberAge
(mean± SD)
Mean steps inthe walking
program !day(rnean±
SD)
Wbrkingpattern
(shiftwork lnonshift work)
12740.8
± 9.8
2446.8
± 11.7
12S65,O±
5399.812452.0±
41972
45 f82 4120
ISI41.7
± 10,3
1254S.4±
5218.6
491102
38140.9
± 7.9
7441.6
± 9.7
45541.0
± 82
10811,9±
4461,S 9904,4±
3151.710661.4±
4282,4
188f193 25f49 213 f 242
SD: standard deviation

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4 AIKENoucm-SuGIT)tetal
ANOX4XoftheSDSandSASSresultsrevealedsignifi
icantdifferencesbetweenthetwo groups,At baseline,
beforestarting thewalking program,the SDS scores in
the exercising group(mean± SD = 34.7± 9.35)were
significantly lewer than those inthe non-exercising
group(38.6± 7.80,P< O.OOI) (Fig.2A).The baseline
SASS scores
(38.1± 6.07)inthe exercising groupwere
significantly higherthanthoseinthenon-exercising
group(35.0± 6.98)(Fig.2B).The SDS scores of the
non-exercising group significantly decreased(37,2±
8.0,P= O.045)(Fig.2A),and theirSASS scores signifi-
cantly increased(36,1±
7.1,P ==
O.O12)(Fig.2B)after
thewalking program,On the other hand,the SDS and
the SASS scores (SDS;34.9± 8.3,SASS; 37.9± 5.7)
of theexercising groupdidnot change beforeand after
the walking program.ANOXCeLrevealed no significant
interactioneffect betweenexercise habitsand thewalk-
ingprogram. The exercising group's scores were sig-
nificantly higher in the baselineSASS sub-items 1,3,
4, 5,8,9,10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, and 18 than those in
thenon-exercising group.The scores inthe SASS sub-
items3,5,6,7,9,10,12,14,15,and 16were signifi-
cantly higherinthenon-exercising group after thewalk-
ing programcompared to beforetheprogram([lable2).
A40
38Ave=
36'5ema
34ca
32
30before
after
B40
38Ave='6
36eenca<
34ca
32
30
F---------I
**
before after
Fig.2. A. Changes inzung selfrating DepressionScale(SDS)scores forthe exercising and
thenon-exercising groups:thebaselineSDS scores intheexercising group(mean±
SD)were
significantly lower than thoseinthe non-exercising group (P<O.OOI).The SDS scores in
the non-exercising group decreasedsignificantly after thewalking program,
':
P=O.045, B.
ChangesinSocialAdaptationSelfievaluationScale(SASS)scores forthe exercising and the
non-exercising groups:thebaselineSASS scores inthe exercising group (mean±
SD)were
significantly higherthan these inthe non-exercising group (P<O.OOI).The SASS scores in
the non-exercising group increasedsignificantly after the walking program. **: P=O.O12,
- - : exerclsmg groups,- : non-exerclsmg groups.

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Whlkingand Menta1Health 5
Table 2. Means and SD of SASS sub-item scores
Statement Before After
ExercisingNon-exer-
group clsmggroupPaExercising
Non-exer-
group cising groupP"
score SD score SD score SD score SD
Beforeversus after
PbP,
1.Jobinterest
2.Housework interest
3.Work enioyment
4.Interestinhobbies
5. Qualityofspare time
6.Familyseekingbehavior
7.Familyrelationship
quality
8,Gregariousness
9.Relationshipseekingbehavior
lO, Externalrelationship quality
11.Externalrelationship appreciation
12.Socialattractiveness
13.Socialcernpliance
14.Communityinvolvement
1S.Socialinquisitiveness
16.Intellectualinterest
17,Communicationdienculties
18.Rejectionsensitivity
19.Vainness
20.DiMcultiesincoping with resources
21.Controlofsurroundings
2.14 O.73 2.00 O.68
1,86 O.77 1.68 O.76
2,42 O.60 2.09 O.74
2.16 O.71 1.75 O.76
2.03 O.70 1.99 O,76
2,21 O.70 2.11 O.78
2.06 O.61 1.84 O.61
1.59 O.73 1.36 O.68
1.87 O.S9 1.67 O.61
1.96 O.62 1.82 O.64
1.81 O.51 1,65 O.57
2.42 O.53 2.36 O.54
1,41 O.95 O.93 O.81
1,89 O.65 1.69 O.67
1,85 O.82 1.70 e.78
1.63 O.71 1.58 O.71
2.33 O.69 2.20 O,70
1.35 O.75 1.45 O.70
1.75 O.78 1.72 O.79
1.46 O.63 1.45 O.65
O.046*
O.O04*<o,eol*<O.OOI*O.350O.167O.OOI*O.OOI*O.OOI*O.049*O.OIO*O.255<
2.08 O.63 2.01 O.62
1.87 O.66 1.79 O.72
2.47 O.66 2,15 O.71
2.27 O,53 1.84 O.71
2.11 O.73 2.11 O.71
2.23 O.76 2.20 O.74
2.08 O.58 1.84 O.63
1,63 O.63 1.48 O.74
1.96 O,52 1,82 O.60
1.93 O.57 1.84 O.63
1.83 O.42 1.71 O.56
2.43 O.52 2.37 O.51
1,36 O,83 1.10 O.87
1,89 O,61 1,79 O.58
1,81 O,71 1,75 O.78
1.69 O.72 1.59 O,73
2.33 O.66 2.16 O.69
1.29 O.75 1.42 O.70
1.65 O.76 1.62 O.83
1.60 O.57 1.51 O.65
O.205 O.843
o.lsg e.3oo
<O.OOI* O.321
<O.OOI* O.117
O,679 O,106
O.439 O.454
O.O02* O.254
O.054 O.843
O.O03* O.088
O.086 O.454
O.068 O.349
O.225 O.321
O.021*O,373
e.094 e.373
0252 O.454
O,121 O.859
O,O17* O.634
O.496 O,415
O.482 O.151
O.139 O.211
O.751
O.O14*O.084O.O05*
a:
Exercisinggroup versus Non-exercisinggroup,
b:
Exercisinggroupversus Exercising group,
C:
Non-exercising greupversus
Non-exercisinggroup,
':
P < O.05,SD: standard deviation,SASS: SocialAdaptationSelfievaluationScale
Discussion
The most important findings in the presentstudy
were thatthe SDS scores significantly decreasedand
the SASS scores significantly increasedinthe non-
exercising group after the walking program compared
to baseline. These results suggest thata walking pro-
gram can relieve feelingsof depression and improve
social adaptation inworkers with regular fitnesshab-
its,Also,workers who haveregular fitnesshabitsnot
only feellessdepressedand have higherselfiesteem,
butthey are also more eager to be incontact with other
people and to participateinsocial activities that rnight
be associated with improvingtheirmood. Ib the best
of our knowledge,thisisthe firstreport demonstrat-
ingthatwalking exercise infiuencesboth depressive
feelingsand social adaptation. Using meta-analyses,
Guszkowska hasreported the positiveeffects of exer-
cise on emotional states, includinganxiety, depression,
and mood disorders,in healthypeople and inclinical
populations,regardless ofage and sex [27].Another
study demonstratedthat exercise and social contact
both result in significant reductions inthe totaland the
psychologicalsubscale of the Beck Depression Inven-
tory(BDI)[28].Theseresults indicatethatshort term
exercise has a broadereffect than control conditions
in reducing symptoms ef depressionin moderately
depressedelderly populations,butthe precisemecha-

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6 A IKENoucm-SuGrm et al
nisms by which exercise influencesemotional states
remain unlcnown. The influenceof exercise on blood
IevelsofBDNF are well established [29].The results
of thisstudy suggest thatdailyexercising contributes to
a good menta1 condition, and the non-exercising sub-
jectsshowed significant improvementintheirmental
condition by starting and continuing to exercise.
The participantswithout a regular fitnessroutine
had improvementsinsocial adaptation. Itisplausible
thatsubjects who havedepressivefeelingsare proneto
withdraw from theirsocial contacts, since ithasbeen
shown thatdepressedpatientstend to interpretsocial
inforrnationina negative way, feelingrejected and
thereforeavoiding social interaction[30].Recently,
we reported that the optimal SASS score cut offpoint
was between 2S and 26 [31].The mean scores in the
exercising and the non-exercising groupsat baseline
were 38,1and 35,O,respectively, meaning thatmost
ofthe participantsinthe presentstudy were adapted to
their dailysocial living.We speculated thatjoining the
walking
programwith ether employees might
prevent
them fromfeelingsocially isolatedinthe workplace.
A limitationof thisstudy isthat,forethical reasons,
we could not obtain explanations forwhy some work-
ers didnot participateinthis study, Also,we could not
analyze a repeated randomized clinical trial(RCT).An-
other limitationisthatwe ceuld not consider informa-
tion about confounding factorssuch as working time,
jobtype,jobtitle,and various personalitycharacteristics.
Furtherinvestigationwill ideallyinvolvea RCT.
Conclusion
The four-weekwalking program improveddepres-
sive feelingsand social adaptation inhealthyJapanese
workers who didnot haveregular fitnesshabits.
Acknowledgements
Fundingforthisprojectwas received fromtheHealth
and Labor SciencesResearchGrants,Comprehensive
Researchon DisabilityHealthand Welflire.
Disclosureof conflicts of interest
The authors have no conflicts ofinterest todeclare.
L
2.
3.
4.
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6.
7,
8.
9.
10.
ll.
I2,
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629

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8 A ouc 田
一SUGITA ei ai
健康 な 勤労 者 に お け る ウ ォ
ーキ ン グ の 抑 うつ お よ び 社会 適応 の 改 善効 果
杉 田 篤子
1
，吉村 玲児
1
，杉 田 和 成
2
，堀 輝
1
，山 田 久美
3
，坂 上 真弓
3
，中村 純
1
1
産 業医 科大学 医 学部 精 神医学教 室
2
産 業医科 大学 医学部 皮膚科学教 室
3
東芝 北 九 州工 場 健康支援 セ ン タ ー
要 旨 ： 勤 労者 の うつ 病対 策 は重要 な課題 で ある ．健康 な 目本 人労働者 に お い て ，ウ ォ
ーキ ン グ に よ る メ ン タ
ル ヘ ル ス 不調へ の 予防効果 は 明 らかで は ない ．本研 究 で は，企業 に お い て ，勤労者 の うつ 病予 1坊対 策 と して ，ウ ォ
ー
キ ン グの 有用性 を検討 した．事 前 に 運動 習慣 を確 認 した 上 で ，606 人 の 勤労 者 を対象に 4 週 間 の ウ ォ
ーキ ン グ プ ロ
グ ラム を実施 し，プロ グ ラ ム 前後 の Zung SelfLrating Depression Scale（SDS ）と Social Adaptation SelfLevaluation Scale
（SASS ）を評 価 した ．結 果，ウ ォ
ーキ ン グ プ ロ グ ラ ム を 実施前 の SDS は ，運 動習慣 有群 （有群 ）で は 運動習慣 無群 （無
群 ）に 比 して 低 く（P ＜ 0．001 ），SASS は ，有群 は 無 群 に 比 して 高 か っ た （P 〈 0．001）．実施 後 は ，有群 の SDS ，
SASS は
変化 しなか っ たが ，無 群の SDS は低 下 し，SASS は 上 昇 した ．有群 は，無群 に 比 べ 抑 うつ 度が 低 く社 会適応 度が 高い ．
無群 で ，ウ ォ
ーキ ン グ プロ グ ラ ム 実施 に よ り抑 うつ 度 が 改善 し社会 適 応 度が 増加 した ．
キ ーワ
ー ド ： ウ t 一キ ン グ ，メ ン タ ル ヘ ル ス ，うつ
病，社 会適応．勤労者 ．
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