SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 27
Descargar para leer sin conexión
ASUHAN KEFARMASIAN DIABETES
MELLITUS TIPE 2 DENGAN INSULIN
ANALOG
INSULIN
hormon peptida
Diproduksi sel β Pulau
Langerhan pancreas
Terdiri atas 2 rantai asam
amino (rantai A 21 AA, B 30
AA)
Berperan dalam metabolism
karbohidrat, lemak dan
protein
MEKANISME AKSI
INSULIN
HOMEOSTASIS GLUKOSA
EFEK FISIOLOGIS
INSULIN
• Facilitates entry of glucose into muscle,
adipose and several other tissues.
• Stimulates the liver to store glucose in the
form of glycogen
• To decrease the concentration of glucose
in blood
Insulin and Carbohydrate
Metabolism
• promotes synthesis of fatty acids in the
liver
• inhibits breakdown of fat in adipose tissue
Insulin and Lipid Metabolism
• stimulates the uptake of amino acids
• increases the permiability of many cells to
potassium, magnesium and phosphate ions
Other Notable
JENIS INSULIN
BERDASARKAN JENIS
• Skala labor, protein insulin dalam
bakteri e-coli (regular dan NPH)
HUMAN INSULIN
• Meniru pelepasan insulin
manusia dengan modifikasi
struktur asam amino
INSULIN ANALOG
• Sangat mirip dengan insulin
original/ paten
• Karakter dan profil klinis berbeda
BIOSIMILAR
BERDASARKAN FUNGSI KONTROL
GLUKOSA DARAH DAN LAMA KERJA
• RAPID ACTING : Aspart, Lispro,
Glulisine
• SHORT ACTING : Regular Insulin
PRANDIAL (BOLUS) INSULIN
• INTERMEDIATE ACTING : NPH
• LONG ACTING (Detemir, Glargine,
Degludec
• ULTRA LONG ACTING
BASAL INSULIN
• NPH/ LISPRO, ASPART/ASPART,
NPH/REGULER
PREMIX INSULIN
FARMAKOKINETIK INSULIN
FARMAKOKINETIKA
INSULIN
INSULIN ONSET PEAK DURATION HALFTIME
PRANDIAL (BOLUS) INSULIN
RAPID ACTING
Insulin
Aspart
Novolog : 0,2 to 0,3
hr
Novolog mix 70/30 :
10 to 20 mins
Novolog : 1 to 3
hrs
Novolog mix 70/30
: 18 to 24 hrs
Novolog : 3 to 5 hrs
Novolog mix 70/30 :
18 to 24 hrs
Subcutaneous.
Novolog : 81 min
Novolog mix 70/30
: 8-9 hrs
Insulin
Lispro
Subcutaneous :
0,25 to 0,5 hr
Subcutaneous : 0,5
to 2,5 hrs
Subcutaneous : ≤ 5
hrs
Subcutaneous : ≈ 1
hr,
IV : 51 to 55 mins
Insulin
Glulisine
5 to 15 mins 1,6 to 2,8 hr ≤ 5 hrs IV : 13 mins
Subcutaneous : 42
mins
SHORT ACTING
Regular
Insulin
Subcutaneous ≈ 0,5
hrs
IV : 10 to 15 mins
Subcutaneous : 3
hrs
U 100 : 4 to 12 hrs
U 500 : up to 24 hrs
IV : 17 mins
Subcutaneous : 80
to 141 mins
FARMAKOKINETIKA
INSULIN
INSULIN ONSET PEAK DURATION HALFTIME
BASAL INSULIN
INTERMEDIATE ACTING
NPH 1 to 1,5 hrs 4 to 12 hrs 14,5 hrs ≤ 4,4 hrs
LONG ACTING (NOT BE MIXED WITH OTHER INSULINS)
Insulin
Detemir
3 to 4 hrs none Up to 24 hrs 5 to 7 hrs
Insulin
Glargline
Lantus : 3 to 4 hrs,
Toujeo : 6 hrs
none Lantus : up to 24
hrs
Toujeo : ≥ 24 hrs
Insulin
Deglude
1 hr 9 hrs At least 42 hrs 25 hrs
FARMAKOKINETIK
INSULIN
INSULIN ONSET PEAK DURATION HALFTIME
Pre-Mixed Products
NPH/ 30 Regular
Not to be mixed with other insulin
NPH/ 50 Regular
NPA/ 25 Lisppro
NPH/ 50 Lispro
Aspart/ 30 Aspart
Aspart/ 50 Aspart
PENGGUNAAN
BOLUS INSULIN
Mengendalikan
hiperglikemia setelah
makan
10-20% diperlukan
setiap makan
Mencapai peak dalam
1 jam
Penggunaan 10 menit
sebelum makan
PENGGUNAAN
BASAL INSULIN
Menekan produksi
insulin dalam periode
makan sampai malam
hari
40-50% dari kebuthan
insulin harian
Bed time
INTERAKSI OBAT
DENGAN INSULIN...
DRUGS CLASS POTENTIAL INTERACTION
GLUCOCORTICOIDS
• Dexamethasone
• Prednisolone
• Prednisone
• Methylprednisolon
• Promote peripheral insulin resistance and
increase visceral adipose tissue
• Increase requirement for insulin during steroid
therapi
ANTIDUBETIC DRUGS
• Glipizide
• Glimepiride
• Glyburide
• Netaglinide
• Repaglinide
• Stimulate insulin release from pancreatic beta
cell
• Rise in endogenous insulin may decrease
amount of exogenous insulin therapy required
ORAL CONTRASEPTIVES
• Ethinyl estradiol
• Medroxyprogesterone
May cause insulin resistance via estrogen receptor
stimulation in pancreas
IMMUNOSUPPRESSANTS
• Cyclosporine
• Sirolimus
• Tacrolimus
Less insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cell leads
to increased requirement for exogenous insulin
INTERAKSI OBAT
DENGAN INSULIN
DRUGS CLASS POTENTIAL INTERACTION
ANTIPSYCHOTICS
• Clozapine
• Olanzapine
Weight gain can decrease insulin secretion and increase
insulin resistance
ANTIBIOTICS
Fluoroquinolones
Sulfa antibiotics
Stimulate endogenous insulin secretion, potentially
lowering amount of exogenous insulin required
THIAZIDE DIURETICS
Chlorthalidone
Chlortiazide
Hydrochlorthiazide
Reduce glucose-dependent insulin release
Increase pheripheral resistance to insulin
Inhibit glucose uptake in pheruphery
BETA_BLOCKERS
Labetalol
Nadalol
Propanolo
Non selective beta blockers may inhibits insulin release
from pancreatic beta cell via beta receptor blockade
ALKOHOL Chronic, heavy use associated with peripheral insulin
resistance and may require increase insulin
EFEK SAMPING INSULIN
• Ringan
• Berat
HIPOGLIKEMIA
INFEKSI PADA
BEKAS SUNTIKAN
BENTUK SEDIAAN INSULIN
RUTE ADMINSTRASI
INSULIN
INDIKASI INSULIN
INDIKASI ABSOLUT
DM Tipe 1
DM Gestasional
INDIKASI TEMPORER
HbA1C > 7,5% dan menggunakan 1-2 OAD
HBA1C > 9%
Penurunan berat badan yang cepat
Hiperglikemi berat disertai ketosis
Krisis hiperglikemia
Gagal dengan OAD dosis optima
Stree berat (infeksi sistemik, operasi besar)
Gangguan fungsi ginjal atau hati
Pro operatif
KI terhadap ADO
PRINSIP PENGGUNAAN
INSULIN
Mampu menyerupai pola
seksresi fisiologi insulin
basal maupun prandial
Untuk koreksi terhadap
defisiensi yang terjadi
Defisiensi insulin berupa
defisiensi basal atau
prandial atau keduanya
HUMAN INSULIN vs INSULIN ANALOG
JENIS INSULIN KELEBIHAN KEKURANGAN PEMAKAIAN
HUMAN INSULIN Biaya relative lebih murah • Insulin kerja pendek :
awitan lebih lama
• Insulin kerja panjang :
puncak dan lama kerja
bervariasi, tergantung
respon individu
• Efek samping : kenaiakn
berat badan, lebih sering
sebabkan hipoglikemia
Pada individu dengan
kepatuahn lebih baik
INSULIN ANALOG • Insulin kerja cepat : segera
bekerja setelh disuntikkan
• Insulin kerja panjang :
relative tidak memiliki aktivitas
puncak sehingga kerjanya
mudah diprediksi dan risiko
hipoglikemia lebih rendah
• Meminimalkan kenaikan
tajam glukosa darah segera
setelah makan
Efek samping : letargi,
kenaikan berat badan
Pada individu dengan
kepatuhan diet yang
relative tidak terlalu
baik
Riskesdas 2018
Terkait Diabetes Melitus
PENYEBAB KETIDAKPATUHAN
Sering lupa
Obat tidak tersedia di
fasyankes
Obat tradisional
Tidak tahan efek
samping
Tidak mampu membeli Tidak rutin berobat
Merasa sudah sehat
APOTEKER CARE Dalam Terapi Insulin
INFORMASI DAN EDUKASI
Penggelolaan Insulin
Target Terapi
• Cara penyiapan
• Waktu penggunaan
• Cara penyuntikan
• Lokasi penyuntikan
• Rotasi pennyuntikan
Penggunaan Insulin
Efek sampin dan cara
pengatasn
MONITORING
Outcome terapi
Kepatuhan
Efek samping
ASUHAN KEFARMASIAN DIABETES MELLITUS Hisfarsi.pdf

Más contenido relacionado

Similar a ASUHAN KEFARMASIAN DIABETES MELLITUS Hisfarsi.pdf

Drugs for treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
Drugs for treatment of Diabetes MellitusDrugs for treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
Drugs for treatment of Diabetes MellitusNaser Tadvi
 
Anti diabetic agents,Medicinal Chemistry,Mr.Jimmy Alexander ,Associate Profes...
Anti diabetic agents,Medicinal Chemistry,Mr.Jimmy Alexander ,Associate Profes...Anti diabetic agents,Medicinal Chemistry,Mr.Jimmy Alexander ,Associate Profes...
Anti diabetic agents,Medicinal Chemistry,Mr.Jimmy Alexander ,Associate Profes...JIMMYALEX8
 
Blood glucose monitoring
Blood glucose monitoringBlood glucose monitoring
Blood glucose monitoringBari Berger
 
Insulins in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Insulins in type 2 diabetes mellitusInsulins in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Insulins in type 2 diabetes mellitusSharat Kolke
 
Diabetes mellitus (basics)
Diabetes mellitus (basics)Diabetes mellitus (basics)
Diabetes mellitus (basics)Yash Gulati
 
Insulin presentation
Insulin presentationInsulin presentation
Insulin presentationYumnA SAeed
 
DIABETES MANAGMENT
DIABETES MANAGMENT DIABETES MANAGMENT
DIABETES MANAGMENT Kamal Sharma
 
Antidiabetic Drugs
Antidiabetic DrugsAntidiabetic Drugs
Antidiabetic DrugsMrunalAkre
 
Types of insulin & correction of hyperglycemia
Types of insulin & correction of hyperglycemiaTypes of insulin & correction of hyperglycemia
Types of insulin & correction of hyperglycemiaAbdulmoein AlAgha
 
Insulin, Insulin Analouges & Oral Hypoglycemic Agents.pptx
Insulin, Insulin Analouges & Oral Hypoglycemic Agents.pptxInsulin, Insulin Analouges & Oral Hypoglycemic Agents.pptx
Insulin, Insulin Analouges & Oral Hypoglycemic Agents.pptxanupjagarlamudi1
 
Insulin and antidiabetics 24.2.15
Insulin and antidiabetics 24.2.15Insulin and antidiabetics 24.2.15
Insulin and antidiabetics 24.2.15DrVishal Kandhway
 
What is diabetes mellitus
What is  diabetes mellitusWhat is  diabetes mellitus
What is diabetes mellitusSadia Unnisa
 
INSULIN BY DR RASIK.ppt
INSULIN BY DR RASIK.pptINSULIN BY DR RASIK.ppt
INSULIN BY DR RASIK.pptMohamed Rasik
 

Similar a ASUHAN KEFARMASIAN DIABETES MELLITUS Hisfarsi.pdf (20)

Insulin & Oh Gs(10 13)
Insulin & Oh Gs(10 13)Insulin & Oh Gs(10 13)
Insulin & Oh Gs(10 13)
 
Drugs for treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
Drugs for treatment of Diabetes MellitusDrugs for treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
Drugs for treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
 
Anti diabetic agents,Medicinal Chemistry,Mr.Jimmy Alexander ,Associate Profes...
Anti diabetic agents,Medicinal Chemistry,Mr.Jimmy Alexander ,Associate Profes...Anti diabetic agents,Medicinal Chemistry,Mr.Jimmy Alexander ,Associate Profes...
Anti diabetic agents,Medicinal Chemistry,Mr.Jimmy Alexander ,Associate Profes...
 
Insulin
InsulinInsulin
Insulin
 
Blood glucose monitoring
Blood glucose monitoringBlood glucose monitoring
Blood glucose monitoring
 
Insulin analogues ppt
Insulin analogues pptInsulin analogues ppt
Insulin analogues ppt
 
DIABETES MELLITUS.pdf
DIABETES MELLITUS.pdfDIABETES MELLITUS.pdf
DIABETES MELLITUS.pdf
 
Insulins in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Insulins in type 2 diabetes mellitusInsulins in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Insulins in type 2 diabetes mellitus
 
Diabetes mellitus (basics)
Diabetes mellitus (basics)Diabetes mellitus (basics)
Diabetes mellitus (basics)
 
INSULIN & ITS PREPARATIONS
INSULIN & ITS PREPARATIONSINSULIN & ITS PREPARATIONS
INSULIN & ITS PREPARATIONS
 
Diabetes and insulin
Diabetes and insulinDiabetes and insulin
Diabetes and insulin
 
Insulin presentation
Insulin presentationInsulin presentation
Insulin presentation
 
DIABETES MANAGMENT
DIABETES MANAGMENT DIABETES MANAGMENT
DIABETES MANAGMENT
 
Antidiabetic Drugs
Antidiabetic DrugsAntidiabetic Drugs
Antidiabetic Drugs
 
Diabetes
DiabetesDiabetes
Diabetes
 
Types of insulin & correction of hyperglycemia
Types of insulin & correction of hyperglycemiaTypes of insulin & correction of hyperglycemia
Types of insulin & correction of hyperglycemia
 
Insulin, Insulin Analouges & Oral Hypoglycemic Agents.pptx
Insulin, Insulin Analouges & Oral Hypoglycemic Agents.pptxInsulin, Insulin Analouges & Oral Hypoglycemic Agents.pptx
Insulin, Insulin Analouges & Oral Hypoglycemic Agents.pptx
 
Insulin and antidiabetics 24.2.15
Insulin and antidiabetics 24.2.15Insulin and antidiabetics 24.2.15
Insulin and antidiabetics 24.2.15
 
What is diabetes mellitus
What is  diabetes mellitusWhat is  diabetes mellitus
What is diabetes mellitus
 
INSULIN BY DR RASIK.ppt
INSULIN BY DR RASIK.pptINSULIN BY DR RASIK.ppt
INSULIN BY DR RASIK.ppt
 

Último

Bangalore Call Girls Marathahalli 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% Safe
Bangalore Call Girls Marathahalli 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% SafeBangalore Call Girls Marathahalli 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% Safe
Bangalore Call Girls Marathahalli 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% Safenarwatsonia7
 
VIP Call Girls Mumbai Arpita 9910780858 Independent Escort Service Mumbai
VIP Call Girls Mumbai Arpita 9910780858 Independent Escort Service MumbaiVIP Call Girls Mumbai Arpita 9910780858 Independent Escort Service Mumbai
VIP Call Girls Mumbai Arpita 9910780858 Independent Escort Service Mumbaisonalikaur4
 
Call Girls Whitefield Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Whitefield Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Whitefield Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Whitefield Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Availablenarwatsonia7
 
Call Girls Jayanagar Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Jayanagar Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Jayanagar Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Jayanagar Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Availablenarwatsonia7
 
Hemostasis Physiology and Clinical correlations by Dr Faiza.pdf
Hemostasis Physiology and Clinical correlations by Dr Faiza.pdfHemostasis Physiology and Clinical correlations by Dr Faiza.pdf
Hemostasis Physiology and Clinical correlations by Dr Faiza.pdfMedicoseAcademics
 
call girls in Connaught Place DELHI 🔝 >༒9540349809 🔝 genuine Escort Service ...
call girls in Connaught Place  DELHI 🔝 >༒9540349809 🔝 genuine Escort Service ...call girls in Connaught Place  DELHI 🔝 >༒9540349809 🔝 genuine Escort Service ...
call girls in Connaught Place DELHI 🔝 >༒9540349809 🔝 genuine Escort Service ...saminamagar
 
Low Rate Call Girls Pune Esha 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girl...
Low Rate Call Girls Pune Esha 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girl...Low Rate Call Girls Pune Esha 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girl...
Low Rate Call Girls Pune Esha 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girl...Miss joya
 
Russian Call Girls Chickpet - 7001305949 Booking and charges genuine rate for...
Russian Call Girls Chickpet - 7001305949 Booking and charges genuine rate for...Russian Call Girls Chickpet - 7001305949 Booking and charges genuine rate for...
Russian Call Girls Chickpet - 7001305949 Booking and charges genuine rate for...narwatsonia7
 
Call Girls Hebbal Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Hebbal Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Hebbal Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Hebbal Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Availablenarwatsonia7
 
Call Girls Kanakapura Road Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service A...
Call Girls Kanakapura Road Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service A...Call Girls Kanakapura Road Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service A...
Call Girls Kanakapura Road Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service A...narwatsonia7
 
College Call Girls Pune Mira 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girls...
College Call Girls Pune Mira 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girls...College Call Girls Pune Mira 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girls...
College Call Girls Pune Mira 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girls...Miss joya
 
97111 47426 Call Girls In Delhi MUNIRKAA
97111 47426 Call Girls In Delhi MUNIRKAA97111 47426 Call Girls In Delhi MUNIRKAA
97111 47426 Call Girls In Delhi MUNIRKAAjennyeacort
 
Ahmedabad Call Girls CG Road 🔝9907093804 Short 1500 💋 Night 6000
Ahmedabad Call Girls CG Road 🔝9907093804  Short 1500  💋 Night 6000Ahmedabad Call Girls CG Road 🔝9907093804  Short 1500  💋 Night 6000
Ahmedabad Call Girls CG Road 🔝9907093804 Short 1500 💋 Night 6000aliya bhat
 
High Profile Call Girls Jaipur Vani 8445551418 Independent Escort Service Jaipur
High Profile Call Girls Jaipur Vani 8445551418 Independent Escort Service JaipurHigh Profile Call Girls Jaipur Vani 8445551418 Independent Escort Service Jaipur
High Profile Call Girls Jaipur Vani 8445551418 Independent Escort Service Jaipurparulsinha
 
Russian Call Girl Brookfield - 7001305949 Escorts Service 50% Off with Cash O...
Russian Call Girl Brookfield - 7001305949 Escorts Service 50% Off with Cash O...Russian Call Girl Brookfield - 7001305949 Escorts Service 50% Off with Cash O...
Russian Call Girl Brookfield - 7001305949 Escorts Service 50% Off with Cash O...narwatsonia7
 
Housewife Call Girls Bangalore - Call 7001305949 Rs-3500 with A/C Room Cash o...
Housewife Call Girls Bangalore - Call 7001305949 Rs-3500 with A/C Room Cash o...Housewife Call Girls Bangalore - Call 7001305949 Rs-3500 with A/C Room Cash o...
Housewife Call Girls Bangalore - Call 7001305949 Rs-3500 with A/C Room Cash o...narwatsonia7
 
See the 2,456 pharmacies on the National E-Pharmacy Platform
See the 2,456 pharmacies on the National E-Pharmacy PlatformSee the 2,456 pharmacies on the National E-Pharmacy Platform
See the 2,456 pharmacies on the National E-Pharmacy PlatformKweku Zurek
 
Call Girls Hosur Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Hosur Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Hosur Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Hosur Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Availablenarwatsonia7
 
Glomerular Filtration rate and its determinants.pptx
Glomerular Filtration rate and its determinants.pptxGlomerular Filtration rate and its determinants.pptx
Glomerular Filtration rate and its determinants.pptxDr.Nusrat Tariq
 
Call Girls Service Chennai Jiya 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Chennai
Call Girls Service Chennai Jiya 7001305949 Independent Escort Service ChennaiCall Girls Service Chennai Jiya 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Chennai
Call Girls Service Chennai Jiya 7001305949 Independent Escort Service ChennaiNehru place Escorts
 

Último (20)

Bangalore Call Girls Marathahalli 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% Safe
Bangalore Call Girls Marathahalli 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% SafeBangalore Call Girls Marathahalli 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% Safe
Bangalore Call Girls Marathahalli 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% Safe
 
VIP Call Girls Mumbai Arpita 9910780858 Independent Escort Service Mumbai
VIP Call Girls Mumbai Arpita 9910780858 Independent Escort Service MumbaiVIP Call Girls Mumbai Arpita 9910780858 Independent Escort Service Mumbai
VIP Call Girls Mumbai Arpita 9910780858 Independent Escort Service Mumbai
 
Call Girls Whitefield Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Whitefield Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Whitefield Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Whitefield Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Call Girls Jayanagar Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Jayanagar Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Jayanagar Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Jayanagar Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Hemostasis Physiology and Clinical correlations by Dr Faiza.pdf
Hemostasis Physiology and Clinical correlations by Dr Faiza.pdfHemostasis Physiology and Clinical correlations by Dr Faiza.pdf
Hemostasis Physiology and Clinical correlations by Dr Faiza.pdf
 
call girls in Connaught Place DELHI 🔝 >༒9540349809 🔝 genuine Escort Service ...
call girls in Connaught Place  DELHI 🔝 >༒9540349809 🔝 genuine Escort Service ...call girls in Connaught Place  DELHI 🔝 >༒9540349809 🔝 genuine Escort Service ...
call girls in Connaught Place DELHI 🔝 >༒9540349809 🔝 genuine Escort Service ...
 
Low Rate Call Girls Pune Esha 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girl...
Low Rate Call Girls Pune Esha 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girl...Low Rate Call Girls Pune Esha 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girl...
Low Rate Call Girls Pune Esha 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girl...
 
Russian Call Girls Chickpet - 7001305949 Booking and charges genuine rate for...
Russian Call Girls Chickpet - 7001305949 Booking and charges genuine rate for...Russian Call Girls Chickpet - 7001305949 Booking and charges genuine rate for...
Russian Call Girls Chickpet - 7001305949 Booking and charges genuine rate for...
 
Call Girls Hebbal Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Hebbal Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Hebbal Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Hebbal Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Call Girls Kanakapura Road Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service A...
Call Girls Kanakapura Road Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service A...Call Girls Kanakapura Road Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service A...
Call Girls Kanakapura Road Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service A...
 
College Call Girls Pune Mira 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girls...
College Call Girls Pune Mira 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girls...College Call Girls Pune Mira 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girls...
College Call Girls Pune Mira 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girls...
 
97111 47426 Call Girls In Delhi MUNIRKAA
97111 47426 Call Girls In Delhi MUNIRKAA97111 47426 Call Girls In Delhi MUNIRKAA
97111 47426 Call Girls In Delhi MUNIRKAA
 
Ahmedabad Call Girls CG Road 🔝9907093804 Short 1500 💋 Night 6000
Ahmedabad Call Girls CG Road 🔝9907093804  Short 1500  💋 Night 6000Ahmedabad Call Girls CG Road 🔝9907093804  Short 1500  💋 Night 6000
Ahmedabad Call Girls CG Road 🔝9907093804 Short 1500 💋 Night 6000
 
High Profile Call Girls Jaipur Vani 8445551418 Independent Escort Service Jaipur
High Profile Call Girls Jaipur Vani 8445551418 Independent Escort Service JaipurHigh Profile Call Girls Jaipur Vani 8445551418 Independent Escort Service Jaipur
High Profile Call Girls Jaipur Vani 8445551418 Independent Escort Service Jaipur
 
Russian Call Girl Brookfield - 7001305949 Escorts Service 50% Off with Cash O...
Russian Call Girl Brookfield - 7001305949 Escorts Service 50% Off with Cash O...Russian Call Girl Brookfield - 7001305949 Escorts Service 50% Off with Cash O...
Russian Call Girl Brookfield - 7001305949 Escorts Service 50% Off with Cash O...
 
Housewife Call Girls Bangalore - Call 7001305949 Rs-3500 with A/C Room Cash o...
Housewife Call Girls Bangalore - Call 7001305949 Rs-3500 with A/C Room Cash o...Housewife Call Girls Bangalore - Call 7001305949 Rs-3500 with A/C Room Cash o...
Housewife Call Girls Bangalore - Call 7001305949 Rs-3500 with A/C Room Cash o...
 
See the 2,456 pharmacies on the National E-Pharmacy Platform
See the 2,456 pharmacies on the National E-Pharmacy PlatformSee the 2,456 pharmacies on the National E-Pharmacy Platform
See the 2,456 pharmacies on the National E-Pharmacy Platform
 
Call Girls Hosur Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Hosur Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Hosur Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Hosur Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Glomerular Filtration rate and its determinants.pptx
Glomerular Filtration rate and its determinants.pptxGlomerular Filtration rate and its determinants.pptx
Glomerular Filtration rate and its determinants.pptx
 
Call Girls Service Chennai Jiya 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Chennai
Call Girls Service Chennai Jiya 7001305949 Independent Escort Service ChennaiCall Girls Service Chennai Jiya 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Chennai
Call Girls Service Chennai Jiya 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Chennai
 

ASUHAN KEFARMASIAN DIABETES MELLITUS Hisfarsi.pdf

  • 1. ASUHAN KEFARMASIAN DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE 2 DENGAN INSULIN ANALOG
  • 2. INSULIN hormon peptida Diproduksi sel β Pulau Langerhan pancreas Terdiri atas 2 rantai asam amino (rantai A 21 AA, B 30 AA) Berperan dalam metabolism karbohidrat, lemak dan protein
  • 5. EFEK FISIOLOGIS INSULIN • Facilitates entry of glucose into muscle, adipose and several other tissues. • Stimulates the liver to store glucose in the form of glycogen • To decrease the concentration of glucose in blood Insulin and Carbohydrate Metabolism • promotes synthesis of fatty acids in the liver • inhibits breakdown of fat in adipose tissue Insulin and Lipid Metabolism • stimulates the uptake of amino acids • increases the permiability of many cells to potassium, magnesium and phosphate ions Other Notable
  • 6. JENIS INSULIN BERDASARKAN JENIS • Skala labor, protein insulin dalam bakteri e-coli (regular dan NPH) HUMAN INSULIN • Meniru pelepasan insulin manusia dengan modifikasi struktur asam amino INSULIN ANALOG • Sangat mirip dengan insulin original/ paten • Karakter dan profil klinis berbeda BIOSIMILAR BERDASARKAN FUNGSI KONTROL GLUKOSA DARAH DAN LAMA KERJA • RAPID ACTING : Aspart, Lispro, Glulisine • SHORT ACTING : Regular Insulin PRANDIAL (BOLUS) INSULIN • INTERMEDIATE ACTING : NPH • LONG ACTING (Detemir, Glargine, Degludec • ULTRA LONG ACTING BASAL INSULIN • NPH/ LISPRO, ASPART/ASPART, NPH/REGULER PREMIX INSULIN
  • 8. FARMAKOKINETIKA INSULIN INSULIN ONSET PEAK DURATION HALFTIME PRANDIAL (BOLUS) INSULIN RAPID ACTING Insulin Aspart Novolog : 0,2 to 0,3 hr Novolog mix 70/30 : 10 to 20 mins Novolog : 1 to 3 hrs Novolog mix 70/30 : 18 to 24 hrs Novolog : 3 to 5 hrs Novolog mix 70/30 : 18 to 24 hrs Subcutaneous. Novolog : 81 min Novolog mix 70/30 : 8-9 hrs Insulin Lispro Subcutaneous : 0,25 to 0,5 hr Subcutaneous : 0,5 to 2,5 hrs Subcutaneous : ≤ 5 hrs Subcutaneous : ≈ 1 hr, IV : 51 to 55 mins Insulin Glulisine 5 to 15 mins 1,6 to 2,8 hr ≤ 5 hrs IV : 13 mins Subcutaneous : 42 mins SHORT ACTING Regular Insulin Subcutaneous ≈ 0,5 hrs IV : 10 to 15 mins Subcutaneous : 3 hrs U 100 : 4 to 12 hrs U 500 : up to 24 hrs IV : 17 mins Subcutaneous : 80 to 141 mins
  • 9. FARMAKOKINETIKA INSULIN INSULIN ONSET PEAK DURATION HALFTIME BASAL INSULIN INTERMEDIATE ACTING NPH 1 to 1,5 hrs 4 to 12 hrs 14,5 hrs ≤ 4,4 hrs LONG ACTING (NOT BE MIXED WITH OTHER INSULINS) Insulin Detemir 3 to 4 hrs none Up to 24 hrs 5 to 7 hrs Insulin Glargline Lantus : 3 to 4 hrs, Toujeo : 6 hrs none Lantus : up to 24 hrs Toujeo : ≥ 24 hrs Insulin Deglude 1 hr 9 hrs At least 42 hrs 25 hrs
  • 10. FARMAKOKINETIK INSULIN INSULIN ONSET PEAK DURATION HALFTIME Pre-Mixed Products NPH/ 30 Regular Not to be mixed with other insulin NPH/ 50 Regular NPA/ 25 Lisppro NPH/ 50 Lispro Aspart/ 30 Aspart Aspart/ 50 Aspart
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13. PENGGUNAAN BOLUS INSULIN Mengendalikan hiperglikemia setelah makan 10-20% diperlukan setiap makan Mencapai peak dalam 1 jam Penggunaan 10 menit sebelum makan
  • 14. PENGGUNAAN BASAL INSULIN Menekan produksi insulin dalam periode makan sampai malam hari 40-50% dari kebuthan insulin harian Bed time
  • 15. INTERAKSI OBAT DENGAN INSULIN... DRUGS CLASS POTENTIAL INTERACTION GLUCOCORTICOIDS • Dexamethasone • Prednisolone • Prednisone • Methylprednisolon • Promote peripheral insulin resistance and increase visceral adipose tissue • Increase requirement for insulin during steroid therapi ANTIDUBETIC DRUGS • Glipizide • Glimepiride • Glyburide • Netaglinide • Repaglinide • Stimulate insulin release from pancreatic beta cell • Rise in endogenous insulin may decrease amount of exogenous insulin therapy required ORAL CONTRASEPTIVES • Ethinyl estradiol • Medroxyprogesterone May cause insulin resistance via estrogen receptor stimulation in pancreas IMMUNOSUPPRESSANTS • Cyclosporine • Sirolimus • Tacrolimus Less insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cell leads to increased requirement for exogenous insulin
  • 16. INTERAKSI OBAT DENGAN INSULIN DRUGS CLASS POTENTIAL INTERACTION ANTIPSYCHOTICS • Clozapine • Olanzapine Weight gain can decrease insulin secretion and increase insulin resistance ANTIBIOTICS Fluoroquinolones Sulfa antibiotics Stimulate endogenous insulin secretion, potentially lowering amount of exogenous insulin required THIAZIDE DIURETICS Chlorthalidone Chlortiazide Hydrochlorthiazide Reduce glucose-dependent insulin release Increase pheripheral resistance to insulin Inhibit glucose uptake in pheruphery BETA_BLOCKERS Labetalol Nadalol Propanolo Non selective beta blockers may inhibits insulin release from pancreatic beta cell via beta receptor blockade ALKOHOL Chronic, heavy use associated with peripheral insulin resistance and may require increase insulin
  • 17. EFEK SAMPING INSULIN • Ringan • Berat HIPOGLIKEMIA INFEKSI PADA BEKAS SUNTIKAN
  • 20. INDIKASI INSULIN INDIKASI ABSOLUT DM Tipe 1 DM Gestasional INDIKASI TEMPORER HbA1C > 7,5% dan menggunakan 1-2 OAD HBA1C > 9% Penurunan berat badan yang cepat Hiperglikemi berat disertai ketosis Krisis hiperglikemia Gagal dengan OAD dosis optima Stree berat (infeksi sistemik, operasi besar) Gangguan fungsi ginjal atau hati Pro operatif KI terhadap ADO
  • 21. PRINSIP PENGGUNAAN INSULIN Mampu menyerupai pola seksresi fisiologi insulin basal maupun prandial Untuk koreksi terhadap defisiensi yang terjadi Defisiensi insulin berupa defisiensi basal atau prandial atau keduanya
  • 22. HUMAN INSULIN vs INSULIN ANALOG JENIS INSULIN KELEBIHAN KEKURANGAN PEMAKAIAN HUMAN INSULIN Biaya relative lebih murah • Insulin kerja pendek : awitan lebih lama • Insulin kerja panjang : puncak dan lama kerja bervariasi, tergantung respon individu • Efek samping : kenaiakn berat badan, lebih sering sebabkan hipoglikemia Pada individu dengan kepatuahn lebih baik INSULIN ANALOG • Insulin kerja cepat : segera bekerja setelh disuntikkan • Insulin kerja panjang : relative tidak memiliki aktivitas puncak sehingga kerjanya mudah diprediksi dan risiko hipoglikemia lebih rendah • Meminimalkan kenaikan tajam glukosa darah segera setelah makan Efek samping : letargi, kenaikan berat badan Pada individu dengan kepatuhan diet yang relative tidak terlalu baik
  • 23.
  • 25. PENYEBAB KETIDAKPATUHAN Sering lupa Obat tidak tersedia di fasyankes Obat tradisional Tidak tahan efek samping Tidak mampu membeli Tidak rutin berobat Merasa sudah sehat
  • 26. APOTEKER CARE Dalam Terapi Insulin INFORMASI DAN EDUKASI Penggelolaan Insulin Target Terapi • Cara penyiapan • Waktu penggunaan • Cara penyuntikan • Lokasi penyuntikan • Rotasi pennyuntikan Penggunaan Insulin Efek sampin dan cara pengatasn MONITORING Outcome terapi Kepatuhan Efek samping