what is computer ? block diagram of computer generation of computers

1. Computer
programming
• What is computer?
• Block diagram of
computer.
• Generation of computers
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2. What is computer ?
 Computer is an electronic machine that
takes input (data) analyze it process it
and give the desired output (information
). Also provide the capability of storing
data for future use.
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3. Block diagram of computer
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4. CPU
 Central Processing Unit
 Responsible of all kind of processing.
 Process the data according to the set of
instruction given by the user.
 Three major parts of CPU
- Control Unit
- Registers
- ALU ( Arithmetic and Logical Unit ).
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5. Control Unit
 Read instruction from the memory ,
decode it and send signal to various parts
of computer to perform the work
accordingly.
 Control the sequence of instruction to be
executed.
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6. Registers
 Store intermediate results during program
execution.
 Made up of flip- flop.
 Categorize in two types
- General Purpose Register
- Dedicated Register
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7. ALU
 Arithmetic Operations ( +,-,/,%,*….etc)
 Logical Operation( Comparission ).
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8. Memory Unit
 RAM
 Secondary Storage
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9. Input and Output Devices
 Mouse, keyboard…etc
 Monitor, printer…etc
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10. Generation of Computer
Basically 4 generation of computer
development.
 I Generation ( 1940 - 1956 ) :-
 vacuum tubes.
- Very big and bulky.
- Heating effect.
- Large electricity consumption.
- Work on 0’s and 1’s.
- Machine Dependent.
- Magnetic drum for storage.
- Input through punch card and output through
printers.
Example :- UNIVAC, ENIAC
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11. 2nd Generation of Computer
 II Generation (1957-1963)
 Transistors.
- Very small in size as compare to vacuum tube.
- Smaller in size, cheap, much more energy
efficient.
- Magnetic core technology is used instead of
magnetic drums.
- Assembly Language instead of binary.
- Translators required.
- Input still taken by punch card and output by
printouts.
- Programming is machine dependent.
Examples:- PDP-8, IBM 1401 and CDC 1604.
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12. 3rd Generation of Computer
 III Generation (1964-1971)
 Integrated Circuits ( ICs )
- Size of computer more compact, more
energy efficent.
- Speed of computation become very high.
- SSI and MSI is used.
- Use of High Level Languages(COBOL, PASCAL
FORTRAN, BASIC…etc)
- Programming Languages are machine independent.
- Keyboards and mouse - input and monitors - output.
- Multiple task .
Examples:- IBM 370, PDP 11,IBM-360 series,Honeywell-6000
series.
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13. 4th Generation of Computer
 IV Generation (after 1971)
 Microprocessor
- VLSI
- Compact and light in weight, consume
less energy.
- Very fast processing speed.
- Multitasking is possible.
- High level language is used such as
C/C++, java…etc.
- Time-sharing , real time, and distributed
operating system.
Example :- IBM system 3090, HP 9000
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14. 5th Generation Computer
 Artificial Intelligence, Parallel
programming
 ULSI ( Ultra Large Scale Integration )
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