Should I Stay or Should I Go Business Relocation Webinar

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SHOULD I STAY OR SHOULD I GO?
Relocating Your Business to Florida

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W E L C O M E TO
Orlando Economic Partnership | Orlando. You
don't know the half of it.®

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orlando.org
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Estimates of the Resident Population as of July 1
2014

withum.com Net Migration into Florida
Source: Emsi & IRS, 2018
Net Migration into Florida
500+
RESIDENTS ADDED
TO ORLANDO’S
POPULATION EACH
WEEK
(U.S. Census Bureau,
Population Division
2018-19)

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COVID-19 Employment Impact
-10.3
-9.04 -8.93
-8.56 -8.43
-7.75 -7.71
-5.98 -5.93
-4.58
-12.0
-10.0
-8.0
-6.0
-4.0
-2.0
0.0
NY MA VT NH RI NJ PA USA CT FL
Percent
Change
Job Loss by State
Year over Year, December 2020
Source: Arizona State University, Seidman Research Institute

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8.6M+
POPULATION
WITHIN A 2-HOUR
DRIVE
(ESRI, 2019)
21.4M
FLORIDA
POPULATION
(US Census, ACS 2019)

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20%
20% OF OUR EMPLOYMENT
IS IN LEISURE AND HOSPITALITY
(Florida DEO, Employment Statistics 2019)

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80%
80% OF OUR EMPLOYMENT IS IN DIVERSE INDUSTRIES
(Florida DEO, Employment Statistics 2019)
… but we’re more
corporate than you think.

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54%
OF RESIDENTS
ARE MILLENNIALS
AND YOUNGER
Orlando MSA Population By Age Cohort
Generations breakdown defined by ESRI
Source: ESRI 2019
37.3
MEDIAN AGE OF THE
ORLANDO REGION
(U.S. Census Bureau, 2019)
5%
22%
27%
20%
20%
6%
Generation Alpha
Generation Z
Millennial
Generation X
Baby Boomer
Silent & Greatest
Generations

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Highest marks in the last
3 YEARS
for inclusivity of LGBT community
(Human Rights Campaign’s Municipal Equality Index)
Source: American Community Survey, 2019
U.S. Census, Population Division, Components of the Resident Population Change
Orlando —
A welcoming
community for
all races and
ethnicities
e

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Talent in Orlando.

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Orlando MSA New York MSA Boston MSA USA
Occupation Average 5 Year
Growth
Average 5 Year
Growth
Average 5 Year
Growth
Average 5 Year
Growth
Architecture and Engineering
Occupations
7.4% -1.7% 0.8% 1.7%
Production Occupations 4.5% -5.0% -3.3% -2.4%
Business and Financial Operations
Occupations
9.1% 0.3% 2.8% 3.2%
Management Occupations 8.9% 0.7% 3.2% 2.6%
Computer and Mathematical
Occupations
11.7% 3.1% 7.0% 7.0%
Construction and Extraction
Occupations
8.1% -0.3% 0.6% 2.5%
orlando.org
Orlando got talent.
Source: JobsEQ, Data as of Q3 2020

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(2 Driving Hours)
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
200,000
Orlando Austin Atlanta Dallas Charlotte Raleigh
Source: JobsEQ, 2018-2019 Annual Graduates

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632,000
HIGHER-ED STUDENTS
WITHIN 100 MILES (2 HOUR
DRIVE) OF ORLANDO
(JobsEQ, 2018-2019 academic year)
43%
OF RESIDENTS
25+ HAVE A
COLLEGE
DEGREE
2019)
No. 1
BEST STATE FOR
HIGHER EDUCATION
(U.S. News & World Report,
2017-2019)

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America’s most
visited destination
is also one of
the most connected.
Access in Orlando.

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Orlando International Airport
+$4.2B
50M
PASSENGERS A YEAR
+$3.5B
CONNECTING ORLANDO
INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
TO MIAMI
+$800M 61 MILES OF RAIL
16 STOPS
Port Canaveral
+$345M
+$2.3B
INTERSTATE 4
Improvement Project
ONLY
HUMAN SPACE
LAUNCH center in U.S.

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Orlando Sanford
International Airport
Orlando
International
Airport
Kissimmee
Gateway
Airport
Orlando
Executive
Airport
Leesburg
International
Airport
Daytona Beach
International
Airport
Port Canaveral
Port
Tampa Bay
Kennedy
Space Center
Orlando
Melbourne
International
Airport
Tampa
International
Airport
Port
Manatee
Clearwater
International
Airport

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175+
NONSTOP
DESTINATIONS
ORLANDO TO
THE WORLD
183
WEEKLY
DIRECT
FLIGHTS
TO NEW YORK METRO
TOP 10
AIRPORT
IN THE U.S.
BY PASSENGER TRAFFIC
50M
PASSENGERS
ANNUALLY

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Industry in Orlando.

withum.com Source: JobsEQ, Data as of Q3 2020
Occupations
ORLANDO
MSA
New York
MSA
Boston MSA
National
Average
Architecture and Engineering
Occupations
$79,900 $96,500 $98,000 $88,800
Production Occupations $35,800 $42,600 $45,300 $40,200
Business and Financial
Operations Occupations
$69,400 $100,900 $90,900 $78,500
Management Occupations $103,600 $161,000 $140,400 $117,800
Computer and Mathematical
Occupations
$82,200 $107,100 $102,500 $93,800
Construction and Extraction
Occupations
$41,900 $69,600 $65,100 $52,000
32%
MORE AFFORDABLE
TALENT IN ORLANDO
THAN NEW YORK
(JobsEQ, Q32020)
14%
MORE AFFORDABLE
TALENT IN ORLANDO
THAN USA
(JobsEQ, Q32020)
No. 2
BEST STATE
FOR BUSINESS
(Chief Executive
Magazine, 2020)

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Source: Cushman & Wakefield, Office MarketBeat Q4 2020
68%
More Affordable Real
Estate in Orlando
than New York
(C&W, Q42020)
$24.36 $24.50
$26.68 $27.06 $28.15 $29.62 $30.81
$37.66
$42.43
$77.06
Orlando Las Vegas Dallas Raleigh Phoenix Denver Portland Boston Austin New York
(Midtown)
Office Space Average Asking Rent, Q4 2020 ($psf/year)
35%
More Affordable Real
Estate in Orlando
than Boston
(C&W, Q42020)

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Source: National Association of Realtors, Q3 2020 (projected)
47%
More Affordable
Homes in Orlando
than Boston
$310,000
$479,900
$588,100
$349,800
$313,500
Orlando New York City Boston Northeast United States
Median Sales Price of Existing Single-Family Homes
35%
More Affordable
Homes in Orlando
than New York City

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ORLANDO,
Florida
New York,
New York
Boston,
Massachusetts
93.9
Cost of Living Index1
237.0
Cost of Living Index
148.4
Cost of Living Index
No. 4
State Business
Tax Climate Ranking2
No. 48
State Business
Tax Climate Ranking
No. 34
State Business
Tax Climate Ranking
4.458%
State Corporate
Income Tax Rate2
6.50%
State Corporate
Income Tax Rate
8.00%
State Corporate
Income Tax Rate
None
State Individual
Income Tax Rate2
8.82%
State Individual
Income Tax Rate
5.00%
State Individual
Income Tax Rate
6.5%-7.5%
Combined State and Local Sales Tax Rate2
8.52%
Combined State and Local Sales Tax Rate
6.25%
Combined State and Local Sales Tax Rate
Source: 1Council for Community and Economic Research, 2020 Annual Average;
2Tax Foundation, 2021

withum.com orlando.org
Source: Cushman & Wakefield, Office MarketBeat Q4 2020
Balanced
budget
Florida's legislature is
required to pass a
balanced budget.
Florida’s fiscal stability.
4
6
27
34
43
47 48
50
Florida New
Hampshire
Pennsylvania Massachusetts Vermont Connecticut New York New Jersey
Tax Foundation rankings

withum.com orlando.org Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s
National Centers for Environmental Information, 2021

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Technology Delivery Center
Est. 2014
Expanded 2016 and 2018
2,200+ New Jobs in Central Florida
$61M Capital Investment
Est. 1957
8,000 Total Employees
Expanded in 2006, 2018, 2019
Missiles and Fire Control (MFC)
2,000+ New Jobs
Est.2015
Regional Office
1,600 New Jobs
Johnson & Johnson
Human Performance Institute ®
34,480-square-foot facility
KPMG’s Global Training Center,
“The Lakehouse”
800,000 square feet
40,000+ KPMG employees visit per year
Verizon Center of Excellence
Est. 2016
1,100 New Jobs

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500+
RESIDENTS ADDED
TO ORLANDO’S
POPULATION EACH
WEEK
Population Division
2018-19)
No. 1
METRO IN THE NATION
FOR JOB GROWTH
2015 - 2018
(U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics)
Orlando is your best
Value.
STRONG TALENT PIPELINE
TOP-RANKED INFRASTRUCTURE
AFFORDABLE & QUALITY REAL ESTATE
TOP-ENVIRONMENT FOR BUSINESS
AFFORDABLE & QUALITY LABOR

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Location Evaluation Services
The Partnership serves as our region’s single point of contact for business location or expansion.
Confidential Project Management Assistance
Site Selection Assistance
In-Depth Market Data
Community Connections
The Orlando Economic Partnership (the Partnership) offers a full range of services to
businesses looking to locate or expand in the Orlando area with a staff of business
development experts who can assist in everything from site location analysis to evaluation
of financial assistance.

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Casey Barnes, CEcD
Casey.Barnes@orlando.org
THANK
YOU!

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BE IN A POSITION OF STRENGTH SM
Moderator: Stuart McCallum
ASA, Partner
smccallum@withum.com
Peter Hilera
CPA, Tax Partner
philera@withum.com
Jonathan Weinberg
JD, LL.M, SALT Senior Manager
jweinberg@withum.com
Barry H. Horowitz
CPA, MST, SALT Partner & Market Leader
bhorowitz@withum.com
Monica Jalife
Withum Wealth Management
CFA, CFP®, MBA
mjalife@withumwealth.com
Elena Ladygina
CFP®, Wealth Advisor
eladygina@withumwealth.com

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WEALTH MANAGEMENT
PERSPECTIVE

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Withum Wealth
FIDUCIARY
Client First
Approach
Conflict-Free
Advice
Straight Forward
Solutions
Wealth advisory,
multi-generational
and financial
planning services

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A Brief Recap of 2020
Coronavirus pandemic upended the global economy
Volatile year with similarities to other periods in history all
in one
• Fastest bear mkt decline since 1933 (16 trading days)
• Fastest Round trip – 181 calendar days (High, -20%, New
Highs)
• From 2/19 high to 3/23 low S&P500 lost -33.9%
Dichotomy in the market and real economy
Market recovery driven by a handful of names
• Recently the participation has broadened

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Looking Forward
• Improving economic growth/corporate earnings
• Prospect for improved trade relations
• Strong housing continues
• Pent-up demand should help recovery
• Inflation could surprise to the upside
• Meaningful GDP increases expected
• Additional fiscal stimulus expected
• Reopening trade should benefit as vaccine rolls out
• Rotation in market leadership
• Lower dollar benefits international equities

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The Biden Agenda
• Increase corporate tax rate to 28%
• Increase personal top tax rate to 39.6%
• Revert Estate tax exemption to $5.49M - perhaps it will
fall somewhere in between current $11.6 and $5.49M
• Phase out 20% business deduction
• Eliminate preferential capital gains and dividend
treatment for high earners
• Tax unrealized gains at death (no step-up cost basis)
• Introduce Social Security doughnut hole
• Economic impact could be lessened if spending
outpaces taxation

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The Biden Agenda
could benefit
• Infrastructure
• Education
• Cannabis legalization
• Renewable/ clean energy
• Green stocks
• Small Cap Names
• Cyclical
• Industrials

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Multi-Year Macro Outlook
Cyclical View
(0-2 year outlook):
Opportunistic & Defensive Growth Oriented
•Monetary policy likely to remain unchanged.
•Further fiscal stimulus expected.
•Fixed income yields to remain low.
•Bonds’ ability to diversify is lower than in the past.
•Dichotomy within industries.
•Higher levels of volatility in the equity markets.
•Potential higher upside in the areas poised to
benefit from the economic recovery
Structural View
(2-5 year outlook):
Rotational Themes Develop
•COVID-19 should be in the rearview
mirror.
•GDP growth (and inflationary pressures)
may become more apparent.
•Term structure of interest rates should
begin to rise.
•Expect market breadth to expand.
•Expect stocks to outperform fixed income.
•Expect deficits and state pension
obligation to become a growing concern.
Long Term View
(5-10 year outlook):
Diversification Enhances Risk-Return
Profile
•Expect stocks to outperform fixed
income.
•However, current US Equity P/E multiples
suggest below average longer-term
returns.
•Expect a negative imbalance with respect
to the return/risk profile of a traditional
long only portfolio.
•Similar to the decade ending 12/31/2010,
asset class diversification may prove very
beneficial.

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What will matter…
• The market will be much higher over time
• Timing is meaningless, but time is everything
• Downside management absolutely matters
• Traditional fixed income benefits and opportunities are
dramatically lower than anytime in the past 40 years
• Opportunistic and disciplined investing is paramount
• Tax sensitivity will become increasingly important
• A smoother ride can equate to greater wealth accumulation
• Core investible assets should have an “all-weather approach”

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Estate Planning
Considerations

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Have an Estate
Plan

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Should I Update My Estate Plan?
Properly executed wills and trusts are usually valid in another state,
BUT BUT BUT…
• References to the laws of previous states can create complications
• Heirs might need to rely on laws of another state to establish validity
• Opinions from attorneys in two separate states might be needed
• Is your Will self-proved? Otherwise, a witness to the Will also needs to
certify execution was properly executed
State Level Estate taxes differences
• Pay attention if moving from a state that has an Estate or Inheritance Tax
Named Executors – should meet specific state qualifications
• Personal representative should be Florida resident and/or related by
blood

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Items to consider
PLAN NOW!
Updating will and trusts documents indicate intent to make the new
state legal domicile
Work with a wealth advisor to review your investment strategy. Do
changes in domicile trigger new income tax considerations?
Review account titling and beneficiaries
Review titling of asset if moving into or out of a community property
states
Do you comply with Florida’s laws?
• Durable Power of Attorney
• Advance Health Care Directives are very state specific
• Homestead laws are very Florida specific

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Disclosure
Please remember that past performance may not be indicative of future
results. Different types of investments involve varying degrees of risk,
and there can be no assurance that the future performance of any
specific investment, investment strategy, or product (including the
investments and/or investment strategies recommended or undertaken
by Withum Wealth Management (WWM), or any non-investment
related content, made reference to directly or indirectly in this
newsletter will be profitable, equal any corresponding indicated
historical performance level(s), be suitable for your portfolio or
individual situation, or prove successful. Due to various factors, including
changing market conditions and/or applicable laws, the content may no
longer be reflective of current opinions or positions. Moreover, you
should not assume that any discussion or information contained in this
newsletter serves as the receipt of, or as a substitute for, personalized
investment advice from WWM. Please remember to contact WWM in
writing, if there are any changes in your personal/financial situation or
investment objectives for the purpose of reviewing/evaluating/revising
our previous recommendations and/or services. WWM is neither a law
firm nor a certified public accounting firm and no portion of the
newsletter content should be construed as legal or accounting advice. A
copy of the WWM current written disclosure statement discussing our
advisory services and fees is available for review upon request.

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South Florida Luxury Condos Being Scooped Up By
Relocating New Yorkers Looking To Save On Taxes

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Out-of-State Buyers Flock to Miami

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The state of New Jersey just signed its own death warrant
Simon Black
July 6, 2018
Sovereign Valley Farm, Chile
You would think New Jersey would have learned its lesson…
Two years ago, New Jersey’s richest resident – hedge fund billionaire David Tepper – decided to move himself and his business to Miami Beach.
Tepper, who personally earned more than $6 billion from 2012-2015, was tired of paying New Jersey’s top income-tax rate of 8.97% for the 20 years he lived there, in addition to the
country’s highest property taxes, the estate tax and inheritance tax.
By moving to Florida, a state with ZERO income tax, Tepper stood to save hundreds of millions of dollars each year. And, as an added bonus, he’d be living in the Sunshine State.
Anyone with some common sense would have at least acknowledged the possibility that a guy like Tepper would consider moving to save a few hundred million bucks.
But New Jersey, content on milking its ultra-wealthy for tax revenue, was caught completely by surprise.
And Tepper’s departure left an enormous hole in its budget.
Think about that: the departure of literally ONE person caused big problems for New Jersey’s budget.
And Tepper wasn’t the only one leaving…
According to the New Jersey Business and Industry Association, the State of New Jersey lost a whopping 2 million residents between 2005 and 2014, earning a combined $18 billion in net
adjusted gross income, i.e. income that would have been taxed by the state.

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0
Jim Bartek
Tax Partner – State and Local Tax
WithumSmith+Brown, PC

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Top 10 Most Business Friendly States
1. Wyoming
2. Alaska
3. South Dakota
4. Florida
5. Montana
6. New Hampshire
7. Oregon
8. Utah
9. Nevada
10. Indiana

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Bottom 10 Least Business Friendly States
41. Vermont
42. Ohio
43. Minnesota
44. Louisiana
45. Iowa
46. Arkansas
47. Connecticut
48. New York
49. California
50. New Jersey

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What Makes a State Good for Business?
“The absence of a major tax is a common factor among many of the top ten states.
Property taxes and unemployment insurance taxes are levied in every state, but there
are several states that do without one or more of the major taxes:
 the corporate income tax;
• Wyoming, Nevada, and South Dakota have no corporate or individual income tax (though Nevada imposes
gross receipts taxes);
 the individual income tax, or
• Alaska and Florida has no individual income
 the sales tax.
• Alaska, New Hampshire, Montana, and Oregon have no sales tax.
This does not mean, however, that a state cannot rank in the top ten. While still
levying all the major taxes Indiana and Utah, for example, levy all of the major tax
types, but do so with low rates on broad bases. (http://taxfoundation.org/)

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What Makes a State Bad for Business?
The states in the bottom 10 tend to all have complex, nonneutral taxes with
comparatively high rates.
• New Jersey, for example, is hampered by some of the highest property tax burdens in the country,
recently implemented the second highest-rate corporate income tax in the country, levies an
inheritance tax, and maintains some of the nation’s worst-structured individual income taxes.

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0
WithumSmith+Brown, PC | BE IN A POSITION OF S
S
M
TRENGTH

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RESIDENCY CONCEPTS AND
ENFORCEMENT ISSUES

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Where New Yorkers Moved to Escape Coronavirus
Mail forwarding requests from
NYC in March: 56,000
Mail forwarding requests from
NYC in April: 81,000
Number of requests are
more than double the year prior

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The Tax Man Knows Where You Live

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Should I Stay or Should I Go?

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Determining Residency
 The states possess and exercise the power to tax their residents’ personal income,
regardless of its source
 They are constitutionally restrained from taxing nonresidents’ personal income, except
insofar as it is derived from sources within the state
 The determination of a taxpayer’s residence is therefore a crucial factor in delimiting
the extent of a taxpayer’s personal income tax liability
 Although the state statutes vary in their definition of “resident,” most of the states rely
on one or more of the following factors, either individually or in combination with one
another, in determining whether a taxpayer is a resident of the state:
• (1) domicile in the state;
• (2) presence in the state for other than a temporary or transitory purpose;
• (3) presence in the state for a specified period; and
• (4) maintenance of a permanent place of abode in the state.

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Other States
State Determining Residency
CA Over 9 months
CT Over 183 days
IL Prior year resident presumed to be a
resident if present in Illinois more
days than in any other state during
year
MI At least 183 days
GA 183 days or part-days or longer
OH Over 212 contact periods
Northeastern States
MA Over 183 days
MN At least 183 days
MD 183 days or more
NJ Over 183 days
NY Over 183 days
PA Over 183 days
Retirement States
AZ Over 9 months
FL N/A
NC Over 183 days
SC Not Applicable
TX N/A
Sample of Residency Requirements Throughout
the U.S.

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Sample Lee County, FL
Declaration of Domicile

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New Jersey Definition(s) of Residency
New Jersey
 New Jersey defines a resident as an individual is considered a resident of New Jersey if
the person is domiciled in New Jersey or maintains a permanent place of abode in New
Jersey and, in the aggregate, spends more than 183 days of the taxable year in New
Jersey.

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Compared to Other States
New York
 New York defines a resident as an individual who may be a resident of New York state
for personal income tax purposes, and taxable as a resident, even though such
individual would not be deemed a resident for other purposes.
• An individual will be considered a New York resident if he or she meets one of two tests:
 if the individual is domiciled in New York, or
 the individual maintains a permanent place of abode in New York and, in the aggregate, spends more than
183 days of the taxable year in New York

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Georgia:
 Georgia defines a resident as a person who fulfills the specified conditions. Ga. Code Ann. §48-7-1(10).
 Georgia defines a resident as an individual who:
• is a legal resident of Georgia on the last day of the year;
• resided in Georgia on a more or less regular or permanent basis during the year (i.e., the individual was not in the state on a
temporary or transitory basis) and who resides in Georgia on the last day of the year;
• on the last day of the year has been residing within Georgia for 183 days or part-days or longer, in the aggregate, of the
immediately preceding 365 day period;
• having become a resident of Georgia, is deemed to continue to be a resident of Georgia until the person shows to the
satisfaction of the commissioner that he has become a legal resident or domiciliary of another state; and
• becomes a resident of Georgia for the first time during the year, but was a resident for less than 183 days, is a resident only
from the date of becoming a resident on an apportionment basis. Ga. Code Ann. §48-7-1(10).
Pennsylvania
 Pennsylvania defines a resident as an individual who is domiciled in Pennsylvania and spend at least 30 days in
the state.
 Individuals who are not domiciled in Pennsylvania, but spend over 183 days in the state, are presumed to be
residents.

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Property Tax Definition (Florida Statutes, Chapter 196, TAXATION AND FINANCE)
 Property Tax; homestead exemption - 196.015 Permanent residency
 Intention to establish a permanent residence in this state is a factual determination to be made, in the first instance, by the property appraiser. Although any one factor is not conclusive of the
establishment or nonestablishment of permanent residence, the following are relevant factors that may be considered by the property appraiser in making his or her determination as to the
intent of a person claiming a homestead exemption to establish a permanent residence in this state:
 (1) A formal declaration of domicile by the applicant recorded in the public records of the
 county in which the exemption is being sought.
 (2) Evidence of the location where the applicant’s dependent children are registered for school.
 (3) The place of employment of the applicant.
 (4) The previous permanent residency by the applicant in a state other than Florida or in another country and the date non-Florida residency was
terminated.
 (5) Proof of voter registration in this state with the voter information card address of the applicant, or other official
correspondence from the supervisor of elections providing proof of voter registration, matching the address of the physical location where the
exemption is being sought.
 (6) A valid Florida driver’s license issued under s. 322.18 or a valid Florida identification card issued under s. 322.051 and
evidence of relinquishment of driver’s licenses from any other states.
 (7) Issuance of a Florida license tag on any motor vehicle owned by the applicant.
 (8) The address as listed on federal income tax returns filed by the applicant.
 (9) The location where the applicant’s bank statements and checking accounts are registered.
 (10) Proof of payment for utilities at the property for which permanent residency is being claimed.

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2020 State Individual Income Tax Rates
New Jersey: 1.40% to 8.97% (Over $1 Million - 10.75%)
New York: 4% to 8.82%. (Plus NYC up to 3.876%)
Pennsylvania: 3.07% flat rate
Georgia: 1% to 5.75%.
Florida: No Income Tax

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2020 State Estate Tax Rates
New Jersey: No Estate Tax
New York: 3.06% to 16%.
Pennsylvania: No Estate Tax
Georgia: No Estate Tax
Florida: No Estate Tax

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2020 State Inheritance Tax Rates
• New Jersey imposes inheritance tax on the transfer of real or personal property valued at more than $500 at
graduated rates on individuals based on their relationship to the decedent
• 0 – 16%
New Jersey:
• In Pennsylvania, transfers from the decedent's estate will be subject to a rate of tax based upon the relationship
between the decedent and the transferee (0% to 15%):
• 4.5% for transfers to direct descendants (lineal heirs)
• 12% for transfers to siblings
• 15% for transfers to other heirs
Pennsylvania:
• Does not impose inheritance tax
New York /
Georgia / Florida:

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Why Residency Matters
Residents Non-Residents
Are taxed on 100% of your worldwide
taxable income
Worldwide income includes
EVERYTHING
Are taxed only on the income earned
in the jurisdiction
Income Sourced to a state includes:
• Services performed in that state
• Earnings from business entities operating in
that state
• Interest, dividends and capital gains earned as
a result of the “business” operations in that
state
• Certain intangible income
Estate taxes

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The Two Part Determination
Ultimately, nearly all states determine residency either via:
 Domicile
• Home
• Business
• Time
• Family
• Near & Dear Items
• Additional Factors
 OR Statutory Residency
• Minimum Number of Days in-state PLUS
• Permanent Place of Abode

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Domiciliary – A State of Mind
 The place where the taxpayer has his/her
true, fixed, permanent home.
 The principal place to which the taxpayer
intends to return whenever absent.
“Domicile”
 Maintains no permanent place of abode in
the state and has permanent place of abode.
elsewhere and spends 30 days or less in the
state
 Foreign country exception.
Two circumstances when a
domiciliary is NOT a resident of the
state:

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 Number
 Size
 Value
 Nature & Use
 Historical
Evidence examined:
 Diary
 Living patterns
 3rd party documentation
Considerable items:
 Pets
 Jewelry
 Art; Photos
Pattern of employment:
 Involvement w/ in-state vs. out-of-state trade
 Investments in in-state business
 Continued employment in-state
 Continued investment in-state
Evidence examined:
 Children’s school of attendance
 Location of immediate family
Home Time Spent
Near & Dear Items
Active Business Involvement
Family Connections
1 2 3
4
5
Weighted Equally
Reviewed If 1-4 Prove Inconclusive
Domicile Defined
Under the terms of the NESTOA agreement, domicile is determined by applying
the following primary factors:

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Additional Factors for Domicile
Additional Factors
• Mailing address for bills, financial records, etc.
• Safe deposit box rental
• Vehicle registrations
• Driver’s License
• Voter Registration
• Telephone service
• Citations in legal documents (wills, contracts, etc.)

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Very Subjective Determination
As much weight lies in the presentation to the auditor
What you should do:
Remind auditors of the guidelines frequently!
FALSE!
Evaluation of Domicile Factors
• “The fact of the matter is individuals do
not have to eliminate all their contracts
with New York to be determined to be
nonresidents.”
• “It must never appear that the auditor is
only looking for residual New York
presence to justify requesting additional
information.”
• “An individual who has not maintained a
diary should not be told ‘if you can’t
prove exactly where you were every day I
would hold it as a New York day.”
Secondary Domicile Factors:
• Many taxpayers have been told and led
to believe that a change in these
secondary factors will indicate a change
in domicile
• Secondary factors are merely “window
dressing” and “bonus points.” They do
not carry enough weight to change
domicile status.

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Domicile Checklist
 Change car registration
 Change driver’s license
 Change voter’s registration
 Religious affiliations, such as: churches,
synagogue’s, etc.
 Moving of personal items
 Insurance policies
 File for homestead exemption, if
applicable
 Social affiliations, such as: country clubs,
dining clubs, etc.
 Execute new bank accounts and
brokerage accounts
 Parking
Exemption
 Fishing
License
 Co-op Letter

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In the Matter of Gregory Blatt, DTA No. 826504
(2/2/17)
• ALJ rules that taxpayer changed his domicile from NY to
Texas in 2009 and 2010.
• Near and Dear Items: Rescue dog moved
• Home: NYC apartment owned; Dallas apartment leased;
Hamptons house.
• Time: a few more days in TX vs. NY days; Summers in the
Hamptons
• Active Business Involvement: CEO of Match in TX, but
former GC to IAC in NYC.
• Family: recent break- up with NY girlfriend, friends in
Dallas.
• EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES DICTATE TAXPAYER’S
INTENT CONTEMPORANEOUS EMAILS = TESTIMONY

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Matter of Stephen C. Patrick,
DTA No 82838-826839, June 15, 2017

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The Drama of Domicile
• ALJ rules that taxpayer changed his domicile despite significant days in NY
and apartment in NY.
• Home: Apartment in NYC and apartment in Paris.
• Time: 163 days in NY in 2011 and 183 days in NY in 2012.
• Active Business Involvement: Retired but board meetings and audit
committee in NY.
• Family: Marriage to second wife in Paris
TESTIMONY PROVES INTENT!

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Everyone is an Expert On a Florida Golf
Course
 Taxpayers must be told (repeatedly) that
making a Florida declaration of domicile
will not make them a nonresident of New
York.
 Taxpayers must be reminded that buying
an apartment in Florida by itself, will not
change their domicile.
 If the taxpayer has a New York City
resident parking exemption: SURRENDER
IT.
Audits Reveal Your
Wealth Status
Matter of Ingle, NYS Division of Tax
Appeals
(Oct. 14, 2010)

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Matter of Daniel & Phyllis Goffredo (NJ)
• The Tax Court held that the taxpayer and his wife did not meet the
requirements for a change in domicile. They were considered to be NJ
residents even though they purchased a new house in PA
• Taxpayer purchased and moved to a house in PA due to his new position
• Continued to maintain their NJ home
• Used the NJ home as home address on tax return, contends that they used it
in case correspondences came from the service. There were family members
available to respond to it immediately
• Retained NJ bank account, driver licenses, motor vehicle registration
• A domicile is established and maintained until a new one is found.

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Matter of Norman D. Wolff (NJ)
• The Tax Court held that the taxpayer & his wife were considered to be domiciled in
NJ
• Taxpayer, a member of the US Navy, lived with his parents in PA.
• Shortly after being transferred to NJ, purchased a single-family residence in NJ
• Registered voter, driver’s license in PA
• Court concludes that PA residence was owned by his parents and paid property
taxes for. Voter registration registered in PA for convenience of the taxpayer since
voting was done on a national level. Driver’s license to avoid the necessity of
obtaining a license in each state he was stationed
• With the intent to never return to PA, the taxpayer’s domicile was concluded to be
in NJ

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STATUTORY RESIDENCY

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The term “resident individual,” as defined by the New
York State and New Jersey tax law, includes:
• All persons domiciled in that state
• Any individual (other than an individual in active
service in the Armed Forces of the United States)
who is not domiciled in that state, but who maintains
a permanent place of residence for substantially all
of the taxable year in that state and spend sin
aggregate more than 183 days of the taxable year in
that state.
General Residency Rules for New York & New Jersey

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 Taxpayer
 Maintains a permanent place of
abode in the state
 Spends more than 183 days in the state
Matter of Robertson, NYS Tax
Appeals
Tribunal (Sept. 23, 2010)
Statutory Residency

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Defined
Maintain:
Is broadly defined:
Contributions to the place of abode need
not be in the form of $$$. The taxpayer
can provide help with cleaning, cooking,
and groceries.
Problem Areas:
 Former spouse
 Friend’s apartment
 Children’s apt. paid for by taxpayers
Permanent: Place of Abode:
Must contain cooking and
bathing facilities
 Problem area = hotels
The permanency requirement gives rise
to two key exceptions under the
statutory residence rules:
1. Taxpayer is present in the state for the
accomplishment of a particular purpose
2. 11 month “rule:”
PPA must be maintained for “substantially
all” of the year
 House, cooperative, rental
apartment, or condo
 Can be summer/winter vacation
home
 Must have the keys
Maintains a Permanent Place of Abode

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The Day Count
The day count is a mathematical test
What is a “day” in the state?
 For purposes of the statutory residency test, any part of a day in New York counts
as a day
 Ten minutes in the state can count as a day
 Working days constitute a different test for New York State purposes
Two Exceptions
1. Travel exceptions
2. Medical recuperation

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What Constitutes a “Day”?
 Zannetti v. NYS Tax Appeals Tribunal, 05/07/2015
 Spending more than 183 days in New York and having a permanent place
of abode qualifies you as a New York resident under state’s income tax
laws
 The regulations provide that, with certain exceptions, presence within
New York State for any part of a calendar day (even 5 minutes)
constitutes a day spent within New York State

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Tom Hanks Plans His Time in New York Carefully
By October 10th of 2013, Tom Hanks had spent roughly 149 days in New York
between rehearsing for and appearing in the Broadway play, “Lucky Guy.”
Before the end of 2013, Hanks had to return to the city for the opening of his
film, “Captain Phillips” on October 10, and again in December for another film
he was starring in, “Saving Mr. Banks.”
So, Hanks had to ration the days he spent in NYC before midnight of December
31st, by ducking out early from the premier festivities surrounding Captain
Phillips.

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John Gaied v. NY DTF
The NYS Tax Appeals Court Case was decided on
12/27/12. Gaied was found to be a statutory
resident during 2001-2003.
 He owned the NY home his elderly parents
lived in.
 The telephone and utilities were under his
name at the apartment and he paid those
bills.
 He had unfettered access to the apartment
and he occasionally slept there. He did not live
there.
 He lived in NJ, but he worked in NY everyday
which means he satisfied the (more than) 183
day rule.
 He was a registered voter in New York.

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Gaied Case Details
Gaied ALJ agreed with the Department
 Supreme Court agreed with Tribunal with dissents.
 Appeals Court again for State with dissents.
 2/18/14, the New York State Court of Appeals (the
state’s highest court) rules for Gaied, sort of (Case
remanded).
Tribunal I was
for the taxpayer
Tribunal II
reversed and
caused chaos

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Implications of the Gaied Case
Ownership by itself does
not, by itself create
residency
Application in other
parent cases
For a person to be taxed as a
statutory resident in NY, that
person must have a
residential interest in New
York living quarters
Application for vacation
home in Hamptons,
Catskills, Adirondacks for
New York City source
families

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David & Karen Sobotka (Decided 8/20/15)
 Held that New York cannot add or adjust days in the statutory
resident determination apart from the New York domicile period.
 Court ruled David Sobotka cannot be subjected to tax as a
“statutory” resident because:
 He did not maintain a “permanent” place of abode in New York State or City.
 A hotel room maintained by his employer while he was assigned to New
York on a temp basis was not permanent by its very nature and lacked the
“permanence” required under the Tax Law.
 The “statutory” resident provision (NY Tax Law § 605 (b)(1)(B)) only applies to
taxpayers who are “not domiciled in New York”
 Since it is undisputed that Mr. Sobotka was domiciled in New York during
part of 2008, one of the three requirements of the statutory resident test was
not met

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Cell Phone Records – Reliability
How accurate and reliable are the cell phone records?
• Cell phone records could be helpful
• Records vary based on telephone company
• Records are not always accurate
• The records do not track Call Forwarding or Wi-Fi calling

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Cell Phone Records – Type and Accessibility
Type and Accessibility of data depends on carrier:
 Verizon: Voice only; City, State location; CDMA system may cause false
positives; DTF can get logs without taxpayer notification
 AT&T: Voice, SMS and Data; Highly specific location; GSM system, less false
positives than Verizon; need taxpayer authorization to obtain records
 Others: Usually only keep records for two years; requires court-ordered
subpoena

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Cell Phone Records – Reliability
Multiple Connectivity Factors
 Tower Height
 Tower Location
 Time of Day
 User’s Location
 Physical Obstructions
Cell phones connect to the strongest tower not the closest tower; this can
result in false positives
 Be particularly wary of false positives in NJ/NY and CT/NY border cases

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Matter of Tosti, NYS Tax Appeals Tribunal (May 12, 2011)
Income Allocation
• Taxpayers with more than one employer
• Separate allocation for each employer.
• Salespersons
• Proportion that the volume of business transacted in state bears to the total volume
of business transacted everywhere.
• Allocation of income from a business
• Allocation must be on fair and equitable basis in accordance with approved
methods of accounting. Generally this means follow the business allocation
percentage.

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Income Allocation
A nonresident taxpayer is given the opportunity to allocate income, reporting to New York State only that
income actually generated in New York. In addition, the nonresident need only report to New York income
from intangibles which is attributable to a business, trade or profession carried on in the state.
Thus, significant benefits may be derived from filing as a nonresident.
 Employees
 Allocate based on the proportion of total compensation for services rendered which the total number of
days worked in New York State bears to the total number of days worked both within and without New
York State.
 Convenience of Employee
 Trap for the unwary. May result in a taxpayer who performs little or no work in New York allocating
100% of the related wages to New York.

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Income Allocations Allowed by
Other Jurisdictions
A jurisdiction may allow income to be allocated
when it is earned partly inside and partly outside
the state.
• For example, wages and compensation may be
allocated using a ratio of days worked in the state
over days worked everywhere.
• Since the allocation of time worked in the state
reduces the wage income taxed by the other
jurisdiction, it must be taken into consideration
when determining the income actually taxed by
the other jurisdiction.
• Business (partnerships & S corporations) allocate
or apportion income.

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Nonresident
Page 1- NJ-1040NR
NJ Nonresident Income Tax Return
- Form NJ-1040NR, Page 1

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Nonresident and
Part-Year Resident
Page 1- IT-203
NYS Nonresident Income Tax Return
- Form IT-203, Page 1

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Form: IT-203-B
Nonresident and Part-Year
Resident Income Allocation and
College Tuition Itemized Deduction
Worksheet
- Form IT-203-B

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Form: IT-203-F
Multi-Year Allocation Form
- Form IT-203-F

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NYS Resident
Income Tax Return
IT-201: Page 1
NYS Resident Income Tax Return
- Form IT-201, Page 1

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Form: IT–360.1
Change of City Resident
Status
NYS Resident Income Tax Return
- Form IT-360.1, Change of City Status

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Untangling the Residency Web
What’s the Purpose of the
Nonresident Audit?
NYS Audit Guidelines
“To verify the correctness of
return filed”
“Barry’s Audit Guidelines”
To intrude on the taxpayer’s life
and to raise as much money as
possible
OR

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In any NYS/NYC Personal Income Tax (PIT) or
Residency Audit, the 3 key issues are:
Nonresident
Income
Allocation
Domicile
Statutory
Residency
The Audit: Three Key Issues

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Clients with any type of permanent place of abode in the state should maintain
a contemporaneous diary with third party documentation such as:
• Credit card receipts
• EZ Pass records
• Telephone records
• Records related to travel
• Business expense reports
The Day Count – Audit Tips

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Income Allocation Audit Tips
1. Part Days = OK
• Unlike the statutory residency test, income allocation may be based on a partial day.
2. Convenience of the Employee Test
• Requires careful planning
• A worker who never sets foot in the state can end up with 100% allocation and a double tax
3. Keep a Contemporaneous Diary
4. Golf Days (may) count

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1. Review estate plan before changing
residency.
2. “I never slept in the apartment.”
3. Inadequate records – always prepare
for the audit, review all records.
4. Keep separate counts for husband and
wife; keep separate day counts for
work and pleasure.
5. Always answer questions and
schedules on IT-203 and IT-203B.
6. Fill out mailing and permanent
addresses on tax return.
7. Work with agent, not against.
8. Keep contemporaneous records.
9. Watch travels carefully; avoid the
whipsaw effect.
10. Domicile changes are usually a “creepy
effect.”
11. Usage by one person: credit card, EX-
Pass and phone.
12. File separate state tax returns, in certain
circumstances.
13. Beware of the state residency tax
examinations.
Top Thirteen Audit Tips & Traps

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Stay Out of Trouble!
Tax Compliance and Enforcement
i. Increased scrutiny of tax returns, including an upsurge in tax
examinations
ii. Interest on underpayment
iii. Civil penalties
iv. Criminal and fraud penalties
v. Bad check or failed electronic withdrawal fees

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Considerations When Moving a Business
These slides will give an overview of the considerations
involved when moving a business. However, every business is
different, and the needs of a specific business moving from a
legacy state to the new state will vary from business to
business.

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What Kind of Move is the Business Considering?
The entire business – a complete move from one state to
another
A partial move
• Just the headquarters is moving to a new state
• Some operations will move to the new state while some operations remain
behind in the legacy state

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Entity Formation and Business Registration
If an entity is formed pursuant to the laws
of a state or registered to do business in a
state, it is required to file annual income
tax returns in that state and pay franchise
(or minimum taxes) regardless of whether
it actually does business in the state.

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Was the business formed/incorporated pursuant to the laws of the
legacy state?
• If so, it may need to consider reincorporating in another state (i.e., an F re-org)
• F re-org needs to be accomplished in a way to leave carryover tax attributes
intact
• The business needs to consider where its new state of formation should be – the
new state or a third state (e.g., Delaware)
• If the entity is changing its state of formation, it may also want to consider
changing its entity type (e.g., C Corp to LLC).
If the business was only registered to do business in the legacy
state, does the business need to rescind those registrations.

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How Many Employees Will the Business Bring to
a New State?
Does the business need to offer relocation packages to employees?
• Does the business need to offer severance packages to employees who decline to
relocate, or will the business allow these employees to work remotely from the legacy
state (or elsewhere)
Does the number of employees the business plans to bring to the new
state warrant asking the state for economic development incentives?

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What are the Facilities Needs of the Business in
the New State?
How much office space will the business need in the new state in a post-COVID work
environment?
• Will the business still need substantial office space
• We-Work office arrangements
What is the business’ plans regarding remote work going forward?
• Does the business need to register to do business in additional states as a result of a change in remote work policies
How much capital investment is the business making in the new state?
• If there is a significant capital investment in new facilities, does this warrant approaching the state for incentives (e.g.,
sales tax exemptions)

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Notifications
What sort of notifications is the business obligated to give to
vendors and customers regarding the move?
• If the business will regain its office in the legacy state, this may not be so
much of an issue. If the business is leaving its office in the legacy state,
vendors and customers will need to be provided a new address to contact the
business
What sort of public notification is required from a business
perspective regarding the move?

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Employment and Benefit Issues
How many employees are moving to the
new state?
Does the business need to change its
benefit plan offerings to make sure that
employees have adequate access to in-
network healthcare providers?

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Physical Move
Issues
What sort of FF&E does the
business plan to move to the new
state?
 Does any of this FF&E require
special handling
• If so, is any of the FF&E seasonally
affected (e.g., some items will only
be shipped in late fall through early
spring to keep them temperature
controlled)

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Certifications and Licenses
Does the business need to obtain any new industry or
professional certifications/licenses to operate from the new
location?
• New outside counsel
Does the business need to obtain new vendors related to
certification/license issues?

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Real Estate and other Considerations
• Owner occupied real estate is common to middle market, closely held
businesses.
• Section 1031 – Allows the deferral of tax on the gain to the extent the proceeds are
reinvested in like kind property:
• Limited to real property
 Held for investment or business use.
• As the business is relocated to say FL, most states allow for a deferral similar
to the Federal Law.
• Cost Segregations and tax benefits
• CARE Act – Leasehold Improvements provisions

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Real Estate and other Considerations, cont’d
Market Drivers In Florida
• Multifamily Residential
• Growth of commercial space and fulfillment centers
• Hospitality, health care and medical
• Outlook
• Retail, office, Hotel and Hospitality, expected to be down in the next 12 months
• Land, Industrial warehouse, Industrial Flex, Apartments and Senior Housing up the
next 12 months.

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Real Estate and other Considerations, cont’d
Why Florida?
• Florida was the second fastest growing state in the nation.
• Trend is expected to continue
• Increases demand for real estate
• Other bright spots:
• No personal income tax, inheritance tax or estate tax

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Pitfalls
• Sales tax on Commercial Rental
• A business that relocates to FL will still have income allocated to other states
and may still owe state income tax.
• Ability to obtain tax concessions in Florida are limited.

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Contact Your Presenters
BE IN A POSITION OF STRENGTH SM
Moderator: Stuart McCallum
ASA, Partner
smccallum@withum.com
Peter Hilera
CPA, Tax Partner
philera@withum.com
Jonathan Weinberg
JD, LL.M, SALT Senior Manager
jweinberg@withum.com
Barry H. Horowitz
CPA, MST, SALT Partner & Market Leader
bhorowitz@withum.com
Monica Jalife
CFA, CFP®, MBA
mjalife@withumwealth.com
Elena Ladygina
CFP®, Wealth Advisor
eladygina@withumwealth.com

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