2. Childbirth
and
Gynecologic
Emergencies

3. Childbirth
and
Gynecologic
Emergencies
By Steph Hammond
Class-EMS 110/81

4. This slide show Choosing this subject
explains: was close to me,
I am 32 weeks pregnant and due to deliver October 8/16.
Key Terms and the stages of birth, along with emergencies
I wanted to educate my self more on what will happen with the
and how to take care of them,
labor process, and my options and signs to look for in case
and also home-births, and a brief explanation of a Doula.
of a emergency.
This well educate you in how labor is and signs to look for in
I’m having a boy who we are naming Oskar L.J. Hammond
a emergency as a first aider and a civilian. and this is our first child :O)
I will tell you now... This has been one crazy adventure so far
and life changing for my husband and I.
I hope you all enjoy my slide show :O)

6. As a first-aider you should know...

7. As a first-aider you should know...

8. As a first-aider you should know...
Birth Canal-The passage through which babies pass through during birth, formed by
the cervix, vagina, and vulva

9. As a first-aider you should know...
Birth Canal-The passage through which babies pass through during birth, formed by
the cervix, vagina, and vulva
Cervix -the lower part of the uterus that extends into the vagina.

10. As a first-aider you should know...
Birth Canal-The passage through which babies pass through during birth, formed by
the cervix, vagina, and vulva
Cervix -the lower part of the uterus that extends into the vagina.
Placenta -lining of the uterus by the union of the uterine mucous membrane with the
membranes of the fetus, that provides for the nourishment of the fetus and the elimination
of its waste products.

11. As a first-aider you should know...
Birth Canal-The passage through which babies pass through during birth, formed by
the cervix, vagina, and vulva
Cervix -the lower part of the uterus that extends into the vagina.
Placenta -lining of the uterus by the union of the uterine mucous membrane with the
membranes of the fetus, that provides for the nourishment of the fetus and the elimination
of its waste products.
Umbilical Cord-lining of the uterus by the union of the uterine mucous membrane with the
membranes of the fetus, that provides for the nourishment of the fetus and the elimination
of its waste products.

12. As a first-aider you should know...
Birth Canal-The passage through which babies pass through during birth, formed by
the cervix, vagina, and vulva
Cervix -the lower part of the uterus that extends into the vagina.
Placenta -lining of the uterus by the union of the uterine mucous membrane with the
membranes of the fetus, that provides for the nourishment of the fetus and the elimination
of its waste products.
Umbilical Cord-lining of the uterus by the union of the uterine mucous membrane with the
membranes of the fetus, that provides for the nourishment of the fetus and the elimination
of its waste products.
Amniotic Sac-A two-layered membrane that surrounds the embryo or fetus in the uterus.
The amniotic sac is filled with fluid in which the embryo or fetus is suspended.

13. As a first-aider you should know...
Birth Canal-The passage through which babies pass through during birth, formed by
the cervix, vagina, and vulva
Cervix -the lower part of the uterus that extends into the vagina.
Placenta -lining of the uterus by the union of the uterine mucous membrane with the
membranes of the fetus, that provides for the nourishment of the fetus and the elimination
of its waste products.
Umbilical Cord-lining of the uterus by the union of the uterine mucous membrane with the
membranes of the fetus, that provides for the nourishment of the fetus and the elimination
of its waste products.
Amniotic Sac-A two-layered membrane that surrounds the embryo or fetus in the uterus.
The amniotic sac is filled with fluid in which the embryo or fetus is suspended.
Crowning -to reach a stage in delivery where the largest diameter of the fetal head is
emerging from the pelvic outlet.

14. As a first-aider you should know...
Birth Canal-The passage through which babies pass through during birth, formed by
the cervix, vagina, and vulva
Cervix -the lower part of the uterus that extends into the vagina.
Placenta -lining of the uterus by the union of the uterine mucous membrane with the
membranes of the fetus, that provides for the nourishment of the fetus and the elimination
of its waste products.
Umbilical Cord-lining of the uterus by the union of the uterine mucous membrane with the
membranes of the fetus, that provides for the nourishment of the fetus and the elimination
of its waste products.
Amniotic Sac-A two-layered membrane that surrounds the embryo or fetus in the uterus.
The amniotic sac is filled with fluid in which the embryo or fetus is suspended.
Crowning -to reach a stage in delivery where the largest diameter of the fetal head is
emerging from the pelvic outlet.
Labor -the process or effort of childbirth or the time during which this takes place.

15. As a first-aider you should know...
Birth Canal-The passage through which babies pass through during birth, formed by
the cervix, vagina, and vulva
Cervix -the lower part of the uterus that extends into the vagina.
Placenta -lining of the uterus by the union of the uterine mucous membrane with the
membranes of the fetus, that provides for the nourishment of the fetus and the elimination
of its waste products.
Umbilical Cord-lining of the uterus by the union of the uterine mucous membrane with the
membranes of the fetus, that provides for the nourishment of the fetus and the elimination
of its waste products.
Amniotic Sac-A two-layered membrane that surrounds the embryo or fetus in the uterus.
The amniotic sac is filled with fluid in which the embryo or fetus is suspended.
Crowning -to reach a stage in delivery where the largest diameter of the fetal head is
emerging from the pelvic outlet.
Labor -the process or effort of childbirth or the time during which this takes place.
Bloody Show-The Mucus that and blood that might discharge from the Vagina before
the first stages of labor.

16. As a first-aider you should know...
Birth Canal-The passage through which babies pass through during birth, formed by
the cervix, vagina, and vulva
Cervix -the lower part of the uterus that extends into the vagina.
Placenta -lining of the uterus by the union of the uterine mucous membrane with the
membranes of the fetus, that provides for the nourishment of the fetus and the elimination
of its waste products.
Umbilical Cord-lining of the uterus by the union of the uterine mucous membrane with the
membranes of the fetus, that provides for the nourishment of the fetus and the elimination
of its waste products.
Amniotic Sac-A two-layered membrane that surrounds the embryo or fetus in the uterus.
The amniotic sac is filled with fluid in which the embryo or fetus is suspended.
Crowning -to reach a stage in delivery where the largest diameter of the fetal head is
emerging from the pelvic outlet.
Labor -the process or effort of childbirth or the time during which this takes place.
Bloody Show-The Mucus that and blood that might discharge from the Vagina before
the first stages of labor.
Contractions-one of usually a series of rhythmic tightening actions of the uterine muscles
(as during menstruation or labor)

17. As a first-aider you should know...
Birth Canal-The passage through which babies pass through during birth, formed by
the cervix, vagina, and vulva
Cervix -the lower part of the uterus that extends into the vagina.
Placenta -lining of the uterus by the union of the uterine mucous membrane with the
membranes of the fetus, that provides for the nourishment of the fetus and the elimination
of its waste products.
Umbilical Cord-lining of the uterus by the union of the uterine mucous membrane with the
membranes of the fetus, that provides for the nourishment of the fetus and the elimination
of its waste products.
Amniotic Sac-A two-layered membrane that surrounds the embryo or fetus in the uterus.
The amniotic sac is filled with fluid in which the embryo or fetus is suspended.
Crowning -to reach a stage in delivery where the largest diameter of the fetal head is
emerging from the pelvic outlet.
Labor -the process or effort of childbirth or the time during which this takes place.
Bloody Show-The Mucus that and blood that might discharge from the Vagina before
the first stages of labor.
Contractions-one of usually a series of rhythmic tightening actions of the uterine muscles
(as during menstruation or labor)

19. Stages Of Birth

20. Stages Of Birth

21. Stages Of Birth
3D video of the 3 stages of labor
http://www.babycenter.com/2_inside-pregnancy-labor-and-birth_3658872.bc

22. Stages Of Birth 3D video of the 3 stages of labor
Stage 1: Early/Active Labor http://www.babycenter.com/2_inside-pregnancy-labor-and-birth_3658872.bc
• Early Labor is when contractions are coming at relatively regular intervals and the
cervix begins to progressively dilate and efface, Meaning labor has started and there
is a baby on the way!
• Active labor is when things really get rolling! Contractions become more frequent,
longer, and stronger for the woman. The cervix begins dilating more quickly, going
from about 4 to 10 centimeters.
• Transition-The last part of active labor -- when the cervix dilates from 8 to a full 10
centimeters -- is called the transition period because it marks the shift to the second
stage of labor.

23. Stages Of Birth 3D video of the 3 stages of labor
Stage 1: Early/Active Labor http://www.babycenter.com/2_inside-pregnancy-labor-and-birth_3658872.bc
• Early Labor is when contractions are coming at relatively regular intervals and the
cervix begins to progressively dilate and efface, Meaning labor has started and there
is a baby on the way!
• Active labor is when things really get rolling! Contractions become more frequent,
longer, and stronger for the woman. The cervix begins dilating more quickly, going
from about 4 to 10 centimeters.
• Transition-The last part of active labor -- when the cervix dilates from 8 to a full 10
centimeters -- is called the transition period because it marks the shift to the second
stage of labor.
Stage 2: Pushing
Once the cervix is fully dilated, the work of the second stage of labor begins: the
final descent and birth of of a baby. At the beginning of the second stage,
contractions may be a little further apart, giving the woman the chance for a much-
needed rest between them. This Stage last until the baby is fully born.

24. Stages Of Birth 3D video of the 3 stages of labor
Stage 1: Early/Active Labor http://www.babycenter.com/2_inside-pregnancy-labor-and-birth_3658872.bc
• Early Labor is when contractions are coming at relatively regular intervals and the
cervix begins to progressively dilate and efface, Meaning labor has started and there
is a baby on the way!
• Active labor is when things really get rolling! Contractions become more frequent,
longer, and stronger for the woman. The cervix begins dilating more quickly, going
from about 4 to 10 centimeters.
• Transition-The last part of active labor -- when the cervix dilates from 8 to a full 10
centimeters -- is called the transition period because it marks the shift to the second
stage of labor.
Stage 2: Pushing
Once the cervix is fully dilated, the work of the second stage of labor begins: the
final descent and birth of of a baby. At the beginning of the second stage,
contractions may be a little further apart, giving the woman the chance for a much-
needed rest between them. This Stage last until the baby is fully born.
Stage 3: Delivery of the Placenta
Minutes after birth, the uterus begins to contract again. The first few contractions usually
separate the placenta from the uterine wall. A couple more pushes from the woman and the
placenta is delivered, And the Labor process is over.

25. Gynecologic Emergencies
What to do and what they are.

27. Placenta Abruption

28. Placenta Abruption

29. Placenta Abruption
-Placental abruption occurs when the placenta
peels away from the inner wall of the uterus
before birth.

30. Placenta Abruption Prolapsed Cord
-Placental abruption occurs when the placenta
peels away from the inner wall of the uterus
before birth.

31. Placenta Abruption Prolapsed Cord
-Placental abruption occurs when the placenta
peels away from the inner wall of the uterus
before birth.

32. Placenta Abruption Prolapsed Cord
-Placental abruption occurs when the placenta
peels away from the inner wall of the uterus
before birth.
-In a prolapse, the umbilical cord drops (prolapses) through the
open cervix into the vagina ahead of the baby.

33. Placenta Abruption Prolapsed Cord
Emergency Emergency
In most cases, you'll have some vaginal bleeding, The cord can be seen before the baby’s head,
ranging from a small amount to an obvious and cord is prolapsed.
sudden gush. Sometimes, though, the blood stays 1) position the mother with her head down or
in the uterus behind the placenta, so you might not buttocks raised to use gravity to lesson in the
see any bleeding at all. birth canal.
Most women will have some uterine tenderness or 2)Insert fingers with a gloved hand into vagina,
back pain. And in close to a quarter of cases, an placing fingers on either side of the prolapsed
abruption will cause the woman to go into labor cord to hold pressure from the presenting part
prematurely. (most often the head) of the fetus away from the
pulsating cod. Continue until EMS arrive. DO
IMMEDIATELY TAKE NOT PUSH CORD BACK IN!
MOTHER TO HOSPITAL!
3) CALL 911 IMMEDIATELY!

34. Breech & Limb Presentation-if your baby is breech, it means he's poised to
come out buttocks or feet first.

35. Breech & Limb Presentation-if your baby is breech, it means he's poised to
come out buttocks or feet first.
In breech position if baby’s head is not delivered within 3 minutes of
the body, YOU MUST act to prevent suffocation of the baby.
Suffocation will occur when the face is pressed against the vaginal
wall.
1)Place one hand on the vagina, positioning the palm toward the
baby’s face.
2) Form a V with your fingers on either side of the baby’s nose.
3)Push vaginal wall away from baby’s face until head is delivered.
4) Have someone call 911 IMMEDIATELY
4) Have mother continue to push with contractions and attempt to
deliver the baby

37. Meconium Emergency

38. Meconium Emergency
This emergency is baby’s first feces (bowl movement) and can be
present in the amniotic fluid.
It is dangerous for the baby’s to breath it into lungs and is associated
with fetal distress.
When recognizing this condition it is greenish/brownish rather than
clear and tarry and almost colorless.
1) Keep infant moderately head down position to help with drainage.
2) Suction mouth and nose throughly, to prevent baby from inhaling
the meconium.
Try not to stimulate baby to breath before suction.
3)Maintain a open airway.

40. Other Emergencies

41. Other Emergencies
Pre-clampsia- is a serious complication of pregnancy associated with the
development of high blood pressure and protein in the urine.

42. Other Emergencies
Pre-clampsia- is a serious complication of pregnancy associated with the
development of high blood pressure and protein in the urine.
Cervical Incompetence-is a weakness of the cervix, which may result in a late
miscarriage.

43. Other Emergencies
Pre-clampsia- is a serious complication of pregnancy associated with the
development of high blood pressure and protein in the urine.
Cervical Incompetence-is a weakness of the cervix, which may result in a late
miscarriage.
Ectopic Pregnancy-a fertilized egg becomes implanted in tissues outside the
uterus instead of in the uterine lining.

44. Other Emergencies
Pre-clampsia- is a serious complication of pregnancy associated with the
development of high blood pressure and protein in the urine.
Cervical Incompetence-is a weakness of the cervix, which may result in a late
miscarriage.
Ectopic Pregnancy-a fertilized egg becomes implanted in tissues outside the
uterus instead of in the uterine lining.
Placenta Praveia- the placenta is implanted lower down in the uterus and closer
to the cervix than is normal.

45. Immediate Child Birth

46. Immediate Child Birth
Always reassure the mother she and the baby is ok!
•Place her on her left side for it prevents drops in
blood pressure.
•Woman whom have had another pregnancy has
shorter labors usually.
•Time the contractions... If they are 5 minutes apart or
more then there is enough time to get mother to the
hospital.
•Labor will proceed rapidly after the water has broke
(amniotic sac).
•Does the Mother feel the need to push? If so that
indicates the delivery is immediate.

47. If to late and baby is coming sooner, you will
need a list of items to perform
a emergency birth.
•Clean sheets, plastic bag (for placenta)
•Clean and sterile medical gloves
•Sanitary pads
•Newspaper or plastic to place under mother during delivery
•Rubber sucker to clean babies mouth and nose
•Strips of gauze
•clean pair of shoe laces
•Blankets & towels

48. In any emergency Call a ambulance and/or get the
Mother to the Hospital IMMEDIATELY!
If to late and baby is coming sooner, you will
need a list of items to perform
a emergency birth.
•Clean sheets, plastic bag (for placenta)
•Clean and sterile medical gloves
•Sanitary pads
•Newspaper or plastic to place under mother during delivery
•Rubber sucker to clean babies mouth and nose
•Strips of gauze
•clean pair of shoe laces
•Blankets & towels

49. Questions to ask in Immediate delivery and others
to take into consideration.
Transport mother to the hospital if she is not straining or If this is the mothers first baby it could possibly take 12 hours to
crowning. deliver.
ONLY when she is crowning doe's a first aider begin to (outside the hospital a first aider cannot safely check dilation of
perform child birth while waiting for the EMT. the cervix. Dilation is the cervix opening in go’s from 1-10)
Always ask these questions
• Has the woman had a baby before?
-Labor with 1st pregnancy is usually longer.
• How frequent are contractions?
-Contractions more the 5 min apart gives
you enough time to get to hospital.
-Contractions 2 min or less apart is a signal
of immediate delivery
• Has the amniotic sac ruptured?
-Labor proceeds more rapidly after water has broke.
• Doe's the Mother feel a bowel movement or that she has
to push?
-Indicates immediate delivery and that the baby is crown or moving
down the birth canal.

50. Home-births Cons
Pros
Freedom to control your own birth experience is maintained
Not all insurance companies pay for home birth
expenses
Involves no hospital fee, and midwives' fees are usually much lower than
physicians
Spirituality of the birth experience can be a priority
Environment is safe, warm, and inviting, making relaxation easier and labor go Filing for birth certificate is parent's responsibility,
smoother although some midwives do this
Mother and baby have already developed antibodies to any germs found in the Complications can result if caregivers do not know
home, so they pose little threat to mother and child what to do in an emergency
Mother can eat, drink, and move around as she chooses Arrangements for hospital care can sometimes be made
in advance in case complications occur
Infant's birth experience can be enhanced through lowered noise level, lowered In case of emergency, there may be a delay in receiving
lighting, and water birth if desired care as you transport to the hospital
Children can be present at birth if desired Responsibility for safe birth rests with parents
No separation of mother from infant
Father or partner can have as active a role as he wants in the birth, can even
"catch" the baby
Mother can give birth totally unassisted if she chooses to

51. Click
for
short
video
http://youtube/4DgLf8hHMgo
Personal thought on Home-births:
I have friends that have chosen to have their babies at home and they have all been totally Fine.
Right now, I have another friend who is having her first baby and chose to have him also at home.
Me personally, would of loved to do it at home, BUT I feel safer at the hospital with this being my first child.
The first lady I mentioned above is my Doula :O). A Doula is a person who provides support for a woman in
labor by encouraging her to use techniques learned in childbirth-preparation classes. She is also attending to get
her Midwifery degree, to do home births. I think it is perfectly ok to have babies at home, as long as you know your
self, your labors and if the baby is capable of doing a home birth. I think if this is a decision to take into
consideration the you as a parent need to research the Midwife, Make sure they have EVERYTHING and
ALL knowledge to perform a home delivery. Also, there is always a birthing center too, which is a very relaxing and
you can do water births, and have a baby at your own natural state. Usually birthing centers are located next, in, or
very close to the hospital.

52. Sources
EMS Class Book
http://pregnancy.doctissimo.com- Information & Images
http://pregnancy.com- Information & Images
OB Nurse from Hillsdale Hospital
Google Images
http://www.unhinderedliving.com/home.html
Movie- The business of being born
(Homebirth VS Hospital)
My Doula (home births)
And Josh’s Personal Experience.