Perceived risks and benefits of recreational visits to the coastal and marine area- A case study on the basis of Bangladesh coast"

1. PRESENTATION
Perceived risks and benefits of
recreational visits to the coastal
and marine area- A case study
on the basis of Bangladesh
coast"
1

2. Introduction of Coastal and
Marine Environment
• The coast is the area where the land and sea meet.
This results in a special set of environments where the
marine and terrestrial areas influence each other. The
term ‘coastline’ is normally used to refer the area
where land and sea waters come into direct contact
(the areas where the land masses meet the seas).
Coastal environments include tidal wetlands,
estuaries, bays, shallow near-shore waters, mangrove
swamps, and in-shore reef systems.
• The oceans or seas, bays, estuaries, species or
organisms and other major water bodies, including
their surface interface and interaction, with the
atmosphere and with the land seaward of the mean
high water mark, all combined called or known as a
marine environment.

3. Coastal and Marine
Environment in Bangladesh
Bangladesh, which has a warm tropical
climate and abundant annual rainfall, has
very rich coastal waters; these support
diverse and abundant marine life. The
coastal and marine environment is
becoming increasingly important in fulfilling
social, economic, development and strategic
objectives of the country. The biological
character is briefly reviewed to provide a
background to the main habitats and their
condition. The marine resources are
described, while emphasis is given to living
resources, particularly ecosystems and
fisheries.

4. Coastal and Marine area of
Bangladesh
Coastal and marine ecosystem of Bangladesh is a part
of the Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem which is
one of world’s 64 Large Marine Ecosystems. The Bay
of Bengal of Bangladesh is a semi enclosed tropical
basin . Bangladesh shelf area covers 66,000 km2 &
coastal waters are very shallow (< 10 m depth)
covering about 24,000 km2, and (up to 200 m depth)
covers about 70,000 km2. From country context, the
most significant part of this ecosystem is its Exclusive
Economic Zone (EEZ) that extends from the base line
to 200 nautical miles seaward. Once Bangladesh had
unilateral access to its undisputed maritime area of
around 50, 000 km2, but following the verdicts of the
International Tribunal for Law of the Sea (ITLOS) on
the disputed maritime boundary between
Bangladesh and Myanmar in 2012 and Bangladesh
and India in 2014, Bangladesh finally got legitimate
rights to the maritime areas has increased to 118,813
km2 where Bangladesh has sovereign rights over
marine living and non-living resources.

5. Coastal and Marine Resources of
Bangladesh
Bangladesh endows a wealthy reserve of both living and non-living
resources in its long and extended coastal and maritime
jurisdiction also in the in the High Seas. The living resources,
comprises of both fauna and flora, includes prawn, shrimp, crab,
lobster, mollusks, turtles, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, birds etc.
zooplankton. On floral resources, The Encyclopedia of Flora and
Fauna of Bangladesh published in 2008 reported a total of 156
species where 50 species of brown algae (Order: Laminar ales, also
known as kelp), 82 species of red algae (Class: Rhodophyceae), and
26 species of green algae (Class: Cholorophyceae). The southern
tip of the St. Martin's Island is the place where almost all seaweed
species are found. Also, five (5) Sea grass species have so far been
reported, namely Halodule unnerves (Forsskal) Ascherson,
Halophila beccarii Ascherson, Halophila decipiens Ostenfeld,
Halophila pinifolia (Miki) Den Hartog and Ruppia maritima L.
(Kamal and Short, 2009) in Bangladesh coast. On faunal resources ,
so far 442 species of fish and 36 species shrimps have been
recorded in the marine environment, while 76 species of fish have
been recorded in the estuarine areas.

6. Coastal and Marine Ecosystems
The coast as a whole is dominated by soft substrate
ecosystems. Elevation and depth contours between
northwest and southeast are generally extremely gradual,
leading to a highly sedimentary environment, encouraging
growth of seagrasses and algal beds. Ecological attributes of
these include high biological productivity; provision of
nutrients, feeding, breeding or nesting areas for marine and
other animals; areas particularly rich in species (e.g.
fisheries); and areas important for sustaining populations of
species at some or all phases of their life cycle (e.g.,
seagrass and microalgae for commercial shrimp, pearl
oysters and green turtles).An important consideration is
that the area coincides with areas of greatest human
activity. While soft substrate habitats dominate in terms of
area, hard substrate habitats are important, particularly
away from the coast. These include coral reefs and
carbonate platforms with the substantial algal growth of
Saint Martin’s Island. While not as extensive as the soft
substrate, these support a higher biological diversity.

7. Recreational Benefits of Coastal
and Marine Area
Coast is mainly used for its never-ending availability
of Recreational fulfillment by tourists and visitor.
People often get disappointed living a life just
maintaining the regular routine. People needs and
begs for a place where they can go and pass
sometimes with tranquility, leaving everything
behind along alone or with his family. The coastal
area is filled with all those needs. Giving one every
opportunity to feel happy in very moment. This
recreational benefit includes many other benefits by
seeing which tourists enjoy. There are some
recreational benefits of coastal and marine area:
• Ecosystem
• Health environment
• Impacts on nature and society
• Financial Interests

8. Recreational Risks of Coastal
and Marine Environment
It is certain that where there is land and marine
environments are mixed will have consequences and risks
of both regions. Also a mixed ecosystem is a sensitive and
sophisticated ecosystem, so over unconditional occurrence
can harm these place badly then other landforms.
• Eco systemic
• Economical
• Criminals
• Health Hazard
• Disasters

9. Conclusion
Coastal users and international coastal academics
have extended the existing literature by examining
recreational visits in more detail. Using and
integrative approach examining both perceived risks
to the environment and benefits for the visitor; we
found that rocky shores and coastal environment are
perceived to have great benefits for the visitor and
economy. Additionally, these visits were associated
with a number of risks regarding the habitat,
stressing that certain activities can have more
harmful impacts on the environment than others.
Considering all this we have to remind ourselves that
there are both benefits and risks in coastal areas. If
we take responsibilities and be aware of every risk,
then we can save ourselves and the coastal areas and
live the perfect moments we want to live in this
beautiful piece of creation. And also gift our next
generation the beauty.

10. Thanks!
Any questions?