Slides from presentation of paper titled 'Access and Use of Government Data by Research and Advocacy Organisations in India: A Survey of (Potential) Open Data Ecosystem,' at ICEGOV 2014.
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A Survey of (Potential) Open Data Ecosystem in India // ICEGOV // October 2014
1. Access and Use of Government Data by
Research and Advocacy Organisations in India:
A Survey of (Potential) Open Data Ecosystem
Sumandro Chattapadhyay
ajantriks.net
2. A Survey of (Potential) Open Data Ecosystem in India
Supported
by World Wide Web Foundation and IDRC, Canada
Study
of the practices of accessing and using government data by
selected (nongovernmental
and noncommercial)
research and advocacy
organisations in India
Wider
policy context of India adopting an open government data policy
and launching an open data portal in 2012
Most
of the organisations interacted with are yet to begin substantial
usage of the open data portal, but they are working with nationalscale
government data for a long time
Objective
of the study is not to establish existence of 'open data
intermediary organisations' in India, but to understand the factors that
determine their existence, relevance, or otherwise
4. Organisations Engaged with in the Study
Accountability
Initiative, Delhi
ASER
Centre, Delhi
Association
for Democractic Reforms, Delhi
Akvo,
Delhi
Hyderabad
Urban Portal, Hyderabad
India
Biodiversity Portal (Strand Life Sciences), Bangalore
India
Energy Portal (The Energy and Resource Institute), Delhi
India
Environment Portal (Centre for Science and Environment), Delhi
India
Urban Portal (National Institute of Urban Affairs), Delhi
India
Water Portal (Arghyam), Bangalore
Karnataka
Learning Partnership, Bangalore
PRS
Legislative, Delhi
Transparent
Chennai, Chennai
5. Sectors Engaged with in the Study
Budget
and expenditure
Education
and social sector expenditure
Political
representatives and candidates
Water
and sanitation
Urban
development
Biodiversity
Energy
and natural resources
Environment
Urban
development
Water
and sanitation
Education
Political
representatives and parliamentary affairs
Urban
development
6. Open Data Ecosystem (Working Description)
The
adjective open applies to both data and ecosystem
In
other words, open data ecosystem needs to be conceptualised (and
realised) as a network of creators and users of open data, where there is
no unidirectional flow of open data
The
government agencies, in an open data ecosystem, are neither the
only creators of openly shared data, nor the only agency involved in
(re)sharing data
7. Open Data Intermediary Organisations (Working Description)
Open data intermediary organisations:
Either
access data generated by other entities or selfcreate
data
Add
value to data (through acts of sanitising, organising, compiling,
formatting, documenting, etc.) or not
Publish
the data as open data to be used by other entities
8. What are the Key Challenges in Accessing Government Data?
A
great wealth of existing government data is not made publicly
accessible at all (either commercially or otherwise) in digital formats
Much
unpublished data sets are not kept out of public circulation due to
any specific characteristics of the data itself, but shaped by the reporting
structure between local, state and central government agencies
Another
key reason for nonpublication
of certain data set is a simple lack
of precedence of sharing of that data, or lack of confidence of the agency,
that is aversion of risk of bureacratic criticism
Among
organisations interacted with, there is a general feeling that the
government has failed to revise and expand its statistical machinery,
leading to lacking quality and timeliness in data publication
9. What are the Key Challenges in Sharing Government Data?
For
organisations working in certain sectors, such as budget and
expenditure, resharing
of data is not a major concern as original data
published by the government is often in a good, directly usable form
For
organisations working in sectors where official data is produced by
multiple government agencies and are not published in an uniform and
easilyaccessible
manner, say water and sanitation, resharing
of data by
is more of a common practice
Key
reasons gives for not sharing data: (1) there is no demand from
final users for disaggregated data, (2) lack of confidence regarding the
capability and motivation of reusers
of data, and (3) lack of an
organisational history of (re)sharing data
10. Major Findings
Similar
reasons are often given by both government and nongovernment
organisations for not sharing disaggregated data (lack of confidence in
capability and motivation of data reusers,
lack of existing practice, etc.)
Critical
need for government agencies, across the bureaucratic
hierarchy, to start internal usage of the data collected by them
Longterm
relationship with government agencies can translate into
very effective models of data sharing, however, such agencytoagency
channels involve the danger of creating new gatekeepers of data
Mutual
difficulties created by the lack of direct interactions between
government agencies that collect and manage data, and the nongovernmental
organisations and individuals that want to use such data