2. Contents
1. Introduction about Dengue virus. …slide no 1
2. Pathophysiology of Dengue virus. …slide no 4-5
3. Transmission of Dengue virus. …slide no-6,7
4. Prevalence of Dengue virus. ...slide 8,9,10
5. Symptoms. …slide no-11
6. Treatment of Dengue virus. …slide no-12
7. Conclusion. …slide no-13
8. References. …slide no-14
3. Introduction
Dengue is a mosquito-borne infection found in
tropical and subtropical regions around the world.
About 50 -100 million infections world wide every
year.
Infected by female (A. aegypti)mosquito carrying the
virus, the incubation period ranges from 3 to 15 ( 5 to
8) days before the signs and symptoms.
Symptoms within 2-7 days after biting with headache
,mylgia, plasma leakage, joint pain symptoms.Blood
vessel & pletlets are main organs involved.
4. Pathophysiology of dengue
Dengue (DF) is caused by one of four closely related, but
antigenically distinct, virus serotypes (DEN-1, DEN-2,
DEN-3, and DEN4), of the genus Flavivirus.
Flavivirus: dia-40 to 60 mm & 11 kb in size,replicate in
cytoplasm, DENV(arbo-virus) composed of single
stranded RNA,10 protiens(3 structural & 7 non-strctural).
Each serotype provides specific lifetime & short-term
cross-immunity.All serotypes can cause severe & fatal
disease .
Fig;Flavivirus
5. Continue..
Aedes aegypti-vector: Day-biting female mosquito that
prefers to feed on humans,lives around human
habitation.
Diseases-Filaria,yellow fever, chikungunya fever.
Lay eggs in clean ,shady &
stagnant water.Black & white
strips on its body ,legs.
Other species are
Aedes albopictus , A. Scutellaris &
A. Finalaya .
In India A. tigris
Fig; Aedes aegypti
6. Transmissionof dengue
Virus transmitted to human in mosquito saliva.
Virus replicates in target organs.
Infects white blood cells & lymphatic tissues.
Virus released & circulates in blood.
Second mosquito ingests virus with blood.
Virus replicates in mosquito midgut & other organs,infects
salivary glands.
Virus replicates in salivary glands.
8. Prevalence of Dengue
• This disease was first described 1780 & isolated by Sabin
1944. It is the most common arthropod-borne disease
worldwide with an increasing incidence in the tropical
regions of Asia, Africa, Central and South America.
• In the 1980s,DHF began a second expansion into Asia
when Sri Lanka, India & the Maldives islands had their first
their major DHF epidemics & Pakistan reported in 1994.
• The disease is now endemic in more than 100 countries in
Africa, the Americas, South-east Asia and the Western
Pacific. South-east Asia and the Western Pacific regions
are the most seriously affected. Since 2003, dengue cases
have risen dramatically in Singapore. In 2004, there was a
record 9459 cases notified with eight deaths, with the
highest incidence of disease in young adults aged 15-24
years.
9. Continue..
Dengue fever has been reported from India over a long time, but
dengue haemorrhagic fever was first reported in 1963 from Calcutta
city. Since then several outbreaks of dengue fever was reported from
India with a major epidemic of dengue haemorrhagic fever that
occurred in Delhi in 1996 and also cases have been reported from
the neighboring states of Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan, Utter Pradesh
and two southern and western states.
10. Continue
• In kolkata first isolated in 1944 from samples of
US soldier. The first epidemic of clinical dengue
was recorded in Chennai in 1780 & in 1996
involving areas around Delhi & Lucknow. In 2017
dengue have been reported in Delhi.
12. Treatment
Fluids: Volume needed is similar to the treatment of
diarrhea with mild to moderate isotonic dehydration
No anti viral therapy, no vaccine available.
Oxygen therapy with dopamine,epinephrine.
Rest, during bleeding episodes
Antipyretics (avoid aspirin and NSAIDs). Monitor blood
pressure, hematocrit,urine output.
25 ml extract of papaya leaves twice daily for 5 days
orally.
Supportive measures- mosquito screen, in rare case
broad spectrum antibiotics, plenty of water.
13. Conclusion
Dengue is a common pathogenic disease often proving
fatal, more commonly affecting the tropics. Female
Aedes aegypti mosquito is the vector for this disease. The
current review is an effort to present an insight into the
causes, etiology, symptoms, transmission, diagnosis,
major organs affected, and line of treatment.Traditional
medicine offers an alternative solution. Development of a
successful vaccine and immunization technique largely
remains a challenge and a better antiviral approach
needs to be worked out.Combination of fluid
replacement and antipyretics-analgesics like molecules to
provide symptomatic relief.
14. References
1. Chawla Pooja, Yadav Amrita, Chawla Viney. Clinical
implications and treatment of dengue. Asian Pacific
Journal of Tropical Medicine (2014);169-178.doi:
10.1016/S1995-7645(14)60016-X .
2. DB Kadam1, SonaliSalvi2,Ajay Chandanwale3.
Expanded Dengue.Journal of The Association of
Physicians of India
3. July 2016;vol 64.
JK Lalla1*, Sunita Ogale2, and Shraddha Seth3. A Review
on Dengue and Treatments.RESEARCH AND REVIEWS: JOURNAL
OF PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES 2014; e-
ISSN:2322-0139 p-ISSN:2322-0120 .
