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1. DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
SITAPUR ROAD, LUCKNOW- 226021
A PRESENTATION
ON
220KV Substation, Firozabad
Session: - 2015-2016
Presented By:-
SUNNY DAKSH
E.I. FINAL YEAR
1105232050
2. OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION
INTRODUCTION
GENERAL DISCUSSION ON SUB STATION
FEEDERS
Equipments :-
Lightning arrester (L.A.)
Capacitive voltage transformer
Wave trap (PLCC)
Isolator
Instrument transformers :-C.T. & P.T.
Circuit breaker :- definition & types
Bus bar
Power transformer:-introduction & main parts
Protective relays :- introduction & Buchhloz relay
SUMMARY
3. INTRODUCTION
The creation of Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Ltd. (UPPCL) on January
14, 2000 is the result of power sector reforms and restructuring in UP
(India) which is the focal point of the Power Sector, responsible for planning
and managing the sector through its transmission, distribution and supply of
electricity.
For efficient operation & management Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation
Limited (UPPCL) is further restructured into:-
Dakshinanchal Vidyut Vitaran Nigam Limited (DVVNL) - Agra Zone
Madhyanchal Vidyut Vitaran Nigam Limited (MVVNL) – Lucknow Zone
Pashchimanchal Vidyut Vitaran Nigam Limited (PVVNL) - Meerut Zone
Purvanchal Vidyut Vitaran Nigam Limited (PUVVNL) - Varanasi Zone
Kanpur Electricity Supply Company(KESCO) - Kanpur City
Lucknow Electricity Supply Administration (LESA) - Lucknow City
Uttar Pradesh Power Transmission Limited (UPPTCL) - State Transmission Utility
4. SUBSTATION
Part of Electricity Generation
Transmission of Electricity
Distribution of Electricity
Voltage is Transform
High to Low or vice-versa using
Transformers
Ex.-400kV/220kV substation
220kV/132kV substation
132kV/33kV substation
33kV/11kV substation
33kV/.4kV substation
5. 220kV substation Firozabad
It is divided into two parts:-
A. Panel Section
Control Panel Section
Relay and Protection Panel Section
B. Switch Yard
220kV Section
132kV section
33kV section
C. Battery Room (Extra)
6. A. Panel Section
It is a room which contains all types of panels.
It has two sections:-
Control Panel Section
It contain panels related to controlling of
instruments. E.g.:- feeder panel, transformer
panel, etc.
Relay And Protection Panel Section
It contains panels related to relay systems and
protection systems. E.g.:- Relay panel, line
protection panel, etc.
7. B. Switch Yard
It is the field where components used in controlling supply
and measuring supply(incoming and outgoing) are placed.
Some of these components are:-
C.Bs
Isolators
C.Ts
P.Ts
L.As
Transformers, etc.
8. CT
220 kV Incoming
from SHAMSABAD
& MAINPURI
LIGHTNING
ARRESTORS
CVT
WAVE TRAP
CIRCUIT
BREAKER
LINE
ISOLATOR BUS
PT with BUS
ISOLATOR
ISOLATOR
LA
LA with EARTH
SWITCH
132 kV
OUTPUT
ISOLATORS with
EARTH SWITCH
CT
CAPACITOR
BANK
MAIN
TRANSFORMER
PT with BUS
ISOLATOR
CB
ISOLATOR CT
CB
EQUIPMENTS
FLOW
SIMILAR TO
33kV
SIMILAR TO
11kV
(DITRIBUTION)
11. CAPACITIVE VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER
Step down extra high voltage signals.
Provide a low voltage signal.
For MEASUREMENT of voltage.
To operate a protective relay.
12. WAVE TRAP (PLCC)
POWER LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATION
Exchange of data and transfer of messages between substations.
WAVE TRAP-TRAPPING the unwanted waves.
13. ISOLATORS
Used for completely DE-ENERGISED the electrical circuit for SERVICE or
MAINTENANCE.
Separate the circuit at NO LOAD CONDITION.
14. INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS
INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS are used for measurement and protective
applications together with equipments such as meters & relays
Types-
A) CURRENT TRANSFORMER B) POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
15. CIRCUIT BREAKER
Automatically Operated ELECTRICAL SWITCH.
Designed to protect the ckt. from overload or SHORT
CKT.
Separate Healthy & Faulty Section of ckt.
Operate at ON LOAD Condition.
16. VACUUM CIRCUIT BREAKERS
Vacuum circuit breakers are
circuit breakers which are
used to protect medium and
high voltage circuits from
dangerous electrical
situations
AIR-BLAST CIRCUIT BREAKER
Fast operations ,suitability for
repeated operation , auto
reclosed , unit type multi break
constructions ,simple assembly ,
modest maintenance are some of
the main features of air blast
circuit breakers. A compressors
plant necessary to maintain high
air pressure in the air receiver.
TYPES OF CIRCUIT BREAKERS
OIL CIRCUIT BREAKER
A high-voltage circuit
breaker in which the arc is
drawn in oil to dissipate
the heat and extinguish
the arc; the intense heat of
the arc decomposes the oil
.
SULPAR HEXAFLUORIDE
CIRCUIT BREAKER (SF6)
Sulpharhexafluoride (SF6)
gas is used as the arc
quenching medium . The
SF6 is an electronegative
gas and has a strong
tendency to absorb free
electrons. Circuit breakers
have been developed for
voltage 115KV to 230KV ,
power rating10 MVA
17. BUS BAR
A bus bar is a conducting bar that carries heavy currents to
supply several electric circuits.
Made up of copper rod or thin walled tubes.
TYPES:-
- MAIN BUS BAR.
- AUXILIARY BUS BAR
18. POWERTRANSFORMER
A Static Device.
Transfer Power from One circuit to another circuit
No Change in FREQUENCY.
Principle-FARADAY ’s LAW of ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION.
Types- 1. STEP UP TRANSFORMER::
O/P Voltage > I/P Voltage.
2. STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER ::
O/P Voltage < I/P Voltage.
20. PARTS OF TRANSFORMER
core
Winding(H.V winding, L.V winding, tertiary winding)
transformer OILS
PRESSURE RELIEF
VALVE
BREATHER
Conservator
RADIATER
Tap changer
Tank
21. Protective Relay is a sensing device
and is designed to detect operating
conditions on an electric circuit.
It trips the circuit breaker when fault is
detected.
PROTECTIVE RELAYS
TYPESOFRELAY
Overcurrent relay
Differential relay
Tripping relay
Directional Relay
Auxiliary Relay
22. A gas actuated relay.
it is installed in b/w the conservator and the main tank.
PRINCIPLE:- Whenever a fault occurs inside the transformers, the oil of the tank gets
overheated and gases are generated. The heat generated by the high local current causes
the transformer oil to decompose and produce gas which can be used to detect the faults.
BUCHHOLZRELAY
23. BATTERY ROOM
DC battery shell be installed in the power house for
Emergency power.
Protection.
Alarm and indication.
24. TRANSFORMERS
Also known as the heart
of substations. These are
used to reduce the
voltages at appropriate
levels
CURRENT VOLTAGE
TRANSFORMERS
It is a used in power systems to
step down extra high
voltage signals and provide a low
voltage signal, for measurement
or to operate a protective relay
WAVETRAP
Traps the high frequency
signalsISOLATORS
Used for maintenance of
the circuit in no load
condition
CIRCUIT BREAKER
used to protect the
equipment by opening
the circuit for over
current and over voltages
LIGHTINING ARRESTER
Used for protecting the
equipment from surge
voltages
SUMMARY OF EQUIPMENTs
RELAY
Used to sense
the faults