Organizational culture refers to shared meanings and understandings within an organization that distinguish it from other organizations. Common elements of culture include innovation, stability, attention to detail, and aggressiveness. Culture defines boundaries, provides identity, facilitates commitment, and serves as a control mechanism. Strong cultures can act as barriers to change, diversity, and mergers. Culture is created through hiring, socialization, and leader role modeling and sustained through selection, socialization, and top management behavior.

1. Organizational Culture

9. Sources of Organisational Culture Organisational culture Characteristics of people within the organisation Organisational structure Property right system Organisational ethics For details, refer to seminar slides

11. Generic Corporate Culture Source of values Charismatic leadership Organisational traditions Focus of values Functional Elitist Entrepreneurial (external, short term) Strategic (external, long term) Chauvinistic (internal, short term) Exclusive (internal, long term)