Standards

International Standardisation and Power Quality ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The German Copper Institute, DKI, is the central information and advisory service dealing with all uses of copper and its alloys ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Which materials can be used as electrical conductors? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The only economically viable alternative: Aluminium ,[object Object],Aluminium Motors Transform ers Building wire Communikation and data cables Low and medium voltage underground cables High and medium voltage overhead lines Busba rs High and extra high voltage underground cablesl Cas t squirrel cage rotors for as ynchronous induction motors

Standards and Power Quality – a major problem in public and commercial buildings ,[object Object],Because these devices are equipped with rectifiers and smoothing capacitors, the current drawn from the power system is significantly distorted from the sinusoidal waveform provided by the utility companies. This has serious consequences for power quality...

Power quality problems are usually of terrestrial origin. Turn off the mixer love, the monitor’s flickering again!

The good old days: ,[object Object],[object Object], Three balanced ohmic-inductive single-phase loads on the three phase mains

The situation today: ,[object Object],System voltage: 230 V System frequency: 50 Hz Source resistance: 500 m  Longitudinal induction: 904 µH System impedance: 575 m  Mean d.c. current: 180 mA Smoothing capacitance: 220 µF

[object Object],Working currents have no place in earthing systems and protective conductors RIGHT ! 

Now what do the standards say about this? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Let’s start with No. 1 – a comparison of statements made in different standards, for example, on the use of TN-C and TN-C-S systems and PEN conductors, respectively 1. Depends on which one you consult

Have a look at CENELEC Guide R064-004 :1999-10, where it says: ,[object Object]

Then take a look at EN 50174 from Feb. 2000, subclause 6.4.3: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Next, see IEC 60364-4-44 from Oct. 2004, subclause 444.4.3.1: ,[object Object],“ TN-C-systems shall not be used in newly constructed buildings.”

Already since Aug. 2000, EN 50310 has always been requiring in section 6.3: ,[object Object]

Soon, prEN 50174-2 :2006-04, subclause 7.1.3, will say: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Now what do the standards say about this? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Just compare this latter statement from prEN 50174-2:2006-04 to the one from 1999 of the same standard, presented a moment before, if you recall...

prEN 50174-2: 2006-04 ,[object Object],[object Object],“… it shall be considered that a PEN conductor through which the unbalanced currents and the ac-cumulating of harmonic currents and other dis-turbances are transmitted cannot provide an ap-propriate earthing. It shall also be considered that the TT and IT mains systems need more corrective measures in particular against over voltage; therefore: EN 50174-2: 2000-02

prEN 50174-2: 2006-04 ,[object Object],EN 50174-2: 2000-02 ,[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Now what do the standards say about this? Let us have a look at the electrical safety standard IEC 60364-5-54, the functionality standard IEC 60364-4-44 and the lightning protection standard IEC 62305-3

They all deal with the same object...

What remains to be noted: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],As part of its LEONARDO programme www.lpqi.org 3 Projects out of ≈ 4000 awarded – one of them being: Administrator: Each of the 3 presentations will need either a same kind of slide as 95 summarising the conclusions, or if you are treating nos. 1 and 2 as the first two parts of a series of 3, then a) the second needs to briefly refer to the first (like TV Programmes do!) and both need to end with the suggestion the viewer now goes to the next one that addresses the next topic on the series etc.

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