Bioprinting defined as the printing of structures consisting of living cells, biomaterials and active biomolecules.

1. BIOPRINTING- FROM BIOINK TO MEDICAL
APPLICATIONS
C.SWORNA KUMARI
Ph.D BIOTECHNOLOGY

2. PRELUDE
BIOPRINTING
BIOPRINTING
PROCESS
BIO-INK MATERIALS
TYPES OF
BIOPRINTING
APPLICATIONS

3. BIOPRINTING
• Bioprinting defined as the printing of structures
consisting of living cells, biomaterials and active
biomolecules.
• A solution for organ shortages
• significant potential for drug delivery and cancer studies
• controllable microstructures with a high degree of
reproducibility and scalability

4. OUTLINE OF BIOPRINTING

5. BIOPRINTING PROCESS
• Divided into three steps:
1. 3.
2.

6. PRE-BIOPRINTING
The most common imaging techniques
to provide information on the anatomical
structure of the tissue or organ
Imaging
techniques
Computer-
Aided Design
(CAD).
X-ray
Computed
Tomography
(CT) and
Magnetic
Resonance
Imaging (MRI)

7. BIOPRINTING
• Bioprinting of the tissue
construct using Bioink
• Bioink refers to a cell-laden fluid
material that may include
• biomaterials,
• cells,
• growth factors,
• microcarriers, etc.
Bioink
growth
factors,
biomaterials,
cells,

8. BIO-INK MATERIALS
Mohsen Askari, Moqaddaseh Afzali Naniz, Monireh Kouhi, Azadeh Saberi, Ali Zolfaghariane and Mahdi Bodaghi.2021. Recent progress in extrusion
3D bioprinting of hydrogel biomaterials for tissue regeneration: a comprehensive review with focus on advanced fabrication techniques. Biomater.
Sci., 2021, 9, 535
Bio-ink
materials
Protein based
bio ink
Synthetic
polymers
Decellularized
ECM
Hydrogel
based bio-inks

9. HYDROGELS
Hydrogels are attractive materials for bioprinting
Because they are an enormous three-dimensional
network of polymer chains holding a mass of water
Polysaccharides- alginate, gellan gum, Agarose

10. DECELLULARIZATION ECM
•Garreta E, Oria R, Tarantino C, Pla-Roca M, Prado P, Fernández-Avilés F, et al. Tissue engineering by decellularization and 3D bioprinting. Mater T
A novel method used in tissue engineering to create scaffolds
with ECM
The dECM provides site-specific mechanical and
biochemical interactions that guide cell adhesion,
proliferation, and differentiation
dECM bioinks aid in tissue regeneration and cell stabilization,
and can help facilitate favorable tissue organization and
remodeling

11. PARAMETERS FOR BIOINK MATERIAL
Reference:Bioink Formulations for Bone Tissue Regeneration. Available from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349085197_Bioink_Formulations_for_Bone_Tissue_Regeneration [accessed Mar 12 2021].

12. CELLS USED IN BIO INK

13. CELLS USED IN BIO INK

14. TYPES OF BIOPRINTING

15. MICROEXTRUSION BIOPRINTING
which entails extruding, or forcing, a
continuous stream of melted solid material or
viscous liquid through nozzle or syringe
three main type of extrusion
pneumatic
driven-
pressurized air
to force liquid
bioink through a
depositing
agent),
piston driven-
linear piston
squeezes
material out of
the nozzle,
screw driven-
rotational
motion forces
the material
down and out of
the nozzl

16. INKJET PRINTING
•
Boland T, Xu T, Damon B, Cui X. Application of inkjet printing to tissue engineering. Biotechnol J. 2006;1:910–7.
Cui X, Boland T, D’Lima DD, Lotz MK. Thermal inkjet printing in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Recent Pat Drug Deliv Formul. 2012
Inkjet or droplet bioprinting
The droplet ejection is performed by either
piezo-electrically or thermally induced system
1.Piezoelectric heads
induce change in the
volume of a piezoelectric
biomaterial by applying a
voltage pulse.
piston driven-current is
passed through a resistor
that vaporizes the fluid in
contact to form a bubble,
increased pressure causes
droplet ejection through
the nozzler, piston
squeezes material out of
the nozzle,

17. LASER-BASED PRINTING
Catros S, Fricain JC, Guillotin B, Pippenger B, Bareille R, Remy M, Lebraud E, Desbat B, Amedee J, Guillemot F. Laser-assisted bioprinting
for creating on-demand patterns of human osteoprogenitor cells and nano-hydroxyapatite. Biofabrication. 2011;3:025001.
(1) A pulsed laser source,
(2) Target in the form of a transparent glass slide or
ribbon that serves as a support for the bioprinting
material and
(3) Substrate that receives or collects the material.

18. CONTINUOUS BIOPRINTING
Continuous bioprinting of live cells directly from computer models
a Rectangular shaped
b Random-shaped
c Zig-zag patterned circular
d Spiral patterned circular printed structures

19. BIOPRINTED SKIN
startup company Poietis has developed 4D printed skin, which in the
future could be transplanted for victims of burns or skin diseases
Researchers from Wake Forest University developed 3-D printing
skin directly onto a patient’s wound, which is now entering clinical trials.
Another group of researchers 3-D printed vascularized patches of skin
and successfully graftedthem onto mice.

20. ARTIFICIAL CORNEAS
• 3D printed artificial corneas have been developed by
a group of researchers in South Korea.
• The prototype corneas have been printed
from biocompatible decellularized corneal stroma and
stem cells.

21. BIOPRINTED KIDNEY
Boland, Thomas. "Patent US7051654: Ink-jet printing of viable cells". Google.com. Retrieved 31 March 2015
Dr.Anthony Atala developed 3d
printed kidney in 2011
In 2003, Dr. Thomas Boland
from Clemson
University patented the use
of inkjet printing for cells
Researchers at Organovo 3-D
printed a kidney organoid to be
used in drug testing.

22. BIOPRINTED EARS
Other bioprinted organs
•Human Liver with life- organovo
•Bone tissues
•Bioprinted Cartilage layer
•Bioprinting in cosmetics
•Bioprinted artificial human heart
https://www.the-scientist.com/infographics/infographic-which-3-d-printed-tissues-are-closest-to-the-clinic-
67188?_ga=2.234840603.424452368.1616051850-603285995.1616051849
https://www.medicaldevice-network.com/features/future-of-3d-bioprinting/
Aurinovo Researchers in China have already reported transplanting 3-D printed ears onto
children who had birth defects that left their ears.

23. APPLICATIONS
• Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
• Transplantation and clinical applications
– Blood vessel and heart printing
– Bone and cartilage tissue printing
– Skin
– Liver tissue printing
• Drug testing
• high-throughput screening
• Cancer research

24. BIOPRINTING IN
NEUROSURGERY

25. TRAUMATOLOGY APPLICATIONS

26. DRUG PRINTING
https://www.brinter.com/bioprinting-applications/
Spritam, the first bioprinted prescription drug to control epileptic
seizures. Doses of the drug print from a set of biochemical inks
customized for each patient
The first 3D-printed drug to receive approval from the U.S. Food
and Drug Administration (FDA)

27. TOP BENEFITS IN VETERINARY
MEDICINE
Customizable
Tools to use
During Surgeries
Models for Bone
Replacement
Creates
Prosthetics
Orthopedic
Implants
Overall
Decreases
surgery time

28. BIOPRINTED OVARIES IN MICE
• In 2016 researches from northwestern
university successfully implanted bioprinted
ovaries in mice
Laronda, M., Rutz, A., Xiao, S. et al. A bioprosthetic ovary created using 3D printed microporous scaffolds restores ovarian function in sterilized
mice. Nat Commun 8, 15261 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15261

29. PROSTHETICS AND ORTHOTICS

30. 3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY
(A, B, and C). Dorsoventral
(A) and lateral (B) views of a prototype of the bronchial tree of a Savannah Monitor
lizard, (Varanus exhantematicus sp). (C) Dorsoventral view of a prototype of the
bronchial tree of a Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus sp).
The model was printed using colored thermoplastic material on a Replicator 3D printer
(Makerbot, Brooklyn, NY) at 230 degrees celsius with a resolution of 200 microns.

31. BIONIC PETS
• one of the leading custom prosthetics and
orthotics builders for animals around the
globe.

32. ANIMALS WHO GOT A 2ND CHANCE IN
LIFE WITH 3D PRINTING

33. ANIMALS WHO GOT A 2ND CHANCE
IN LIFE WITH 3D PRINTING

34. Wang X. Advanced Polymers for Three-Dimensional (3D) Organ Bioprinting. Micromachines (Basel). 2019;10(12):814. Published
2019 Nov 25. doi:10.3390/mi10120814
3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY

35. 4D PRINTING
• Printing process (a),
a surface image (b)
and geometry
shape(c) of hybrid
scaffold consisting of
cell-laden alginate
struts and PCL struts
in layers

36. CONCLUSION
• It is now clear that bioprinting is a powerful
technique with many potential applications for
localizing biological components into 3D-engineered
structures.
• Bioprinting has gained considerable success in many
medical fields, mainly in veterinary field.
• Better printing processes and printers to deliver cells
with high survivability and high precision.
• However, it will need additional manufacturing costs
and time to access a Bioprinter.

37. Thank you