2. Table of Contents Ser Estar Verbs Like Gustar Hacer Preterite Trigger Words -car, -gar, -zar Spock verbs Cucaracha verbs Snakes Snakeys DOP Commands Irregulars IOP Se impersonal TV Dishes Past Participle as adj El futuro & ir + a + infintitive Demonstrative adj Demonstrative pn Los mandatos formales Modal verbs Reflexives Saber vs. Conocer
3. D O C T O R P E D ¿Quees? ¿De dόndees? ¿Quediaeshoy? ¿ Cuales la fecha de hoy? ¿Como es? ¿Cuando/ Dondees? ¿Quehoraes? ¿De quienes? ¿Quehace? ¿Quienes?
5. Verbs Like Gustar MeGusta Gustar Gustan Te faltafaltar faltan Nosfascinafascinar fascinan Lesmolestamolestar molestan Example Me gustan los zapatos. All of these words are verbs like gustar, as well as indirect object pronouns More- doler, encantar, importar, y sidgustar Examples Nosmolestan la señorita.
6. Hacer Present tense- since and far Preterite tense- ago Hacettime tquetverb Examples- Hace un aňoquefui a la italina Hacetimequeverb A year ago I went to Italy Hace dos aňosque vivo en la Francia. I have lived in France for two years. Hacer Expressions
7. El Pretérito Preterite is a definite time in the past with a beginning or ending. Er/ir Comí pan. I ate bread. Compramos la ropa. Weboughttheclothes.
8. Trigger Words Trigger words give you clues that the sentence is going to be in the preterite. Trigger words are most commonly relating to time in some way. Example- Ayerescribítrescartas. Yesterday Ella caminó por el parque ayer por la manana. yesterdaymorning Ellos comieron a las ocho. at eighto’clock. Vivimos allí en ese momento. in thatmoment
11. Cucaracha Verbs Examples Carlos y Dora venieron al restrante. El mesero les trajo pan y mantequilla. E- yo Iste- tu O- usted Imos- nosotros Isteis- vosotros Ieron- ustedes
13. Snakeys Stem changing in the preterite leer, creer, and oir Change I to y in the third person
14. DOP The DOP answers the question of what is received The direct action of the verb Lo La Los Las Reflexive Pronouns attach to a command in three instances: Infinitive Attach to the end of the infinitive In front of the conjugated verb Positive command Put it on the end of the command and put an accent over the first vowel Gerund (-ing) Put it at the end of the verb and put an accent on the 3rd to last syllable vowel All other times the DOP goes before the verb
15. Commands Afirmative Tu- drop the ‘s’ Ud./Uds.- put it in ‘yo’ change to opposite vowel DOP and IOP can attach to affirmative command Negative Tu- put in ‘yo’ form Change to opposite vowel Add an ‘s’ Ud./Uds.- put in ‘yo’ form Change to opposite vowel DOP and IOP must go before the negative command
16. Irregulars Verbos en el presente Forms of irregular mandatos verbs (usted command) Ser- sea Estar- esté Dar- dé Ir- va Ver- ve Saber- sabe
17. IOP IOPs answer the question of to whom or for whom the action is done. Me Te Le Nos Os Les Can change to se because you cannot have double “L”s Example: I gave it to her Dar Di Se lo di. The sentence cannot be le lo di because of the double “L”s
18. Se Impersonal Use se to avoid specifying a person who is doing the action of the verb. When you use se it is always in third person It can be used in all tenses! Sehizo mucho Sehará mucho Sehabíahecho More… Sevendefruta en la frutería
19. TV Dishes Tener- Tenga Saber- seba Venir-venga Dar- dé Estar-esté Ir- vaya Hacer- haga Ser- sea
20. Past Participle as Adj. To form the past participle, drop the ending (-ar, -er, -ir) and add -ado (for -ar verbs) and -ido (for -er, -ir verbs). They can be used as adjectives! hablar - ar + ado = hablado comer - er + ido = comido Examples- La puertaestácerrada.The door is closed El restauranteestáabierto The restaurant is open
21. El Futuro Ir + a + infinitive- going to be doing something in the near future *don’t forget how to conjugate the verb ir! Examples- Voy a llevar…. Va a leer…. é ás á án El Futuro éis emos
22. Los AdjetivosDemonstrativos Describes a noun Demonstrative adjectives have four forms: masculine singular, masculine plural, femininesingular, feminine plural
23. Demonstrative PNs Takes place of a noun These pronouns do not change in number or gender Used to refer to an abstract object or a thought
24. Los Mandatos Informales- Tu commands Affirmitive commands- Put in tu form Drop the “s” Come el taco. Habla con abuela. With an DO PN, put the pn at the end of the command Hazla- do it! Lávetelas- wash them! Negative commands- Put in tu form Change the vowel Add the s *the DO PN always goes before the verb! No lohagas- don’t do it! No tevayas- don’t go!
26. Reflexive Verbs… describe people doing things themselvesYou can put the reflexive pronoun infront of the verb….Me Lavoel pelo.I wash my hair.El se peina.He combs his hair.Or you can attach the reflexive pn to the infinitive…Lavarme el pelo.I wash my hair.Peinase.He combs his hair.
27. Saber vs. Conocer They both mean “to know”, but which one you use depends on the context of the sentence They are not interchangeable! Saber- use to express knowledge/ unawareness of a fact Sédondevives. No sé la dirección a su casa. Conocer- use to say that one is or is not acquainted with a person, a place, or an object Yo no conozco a María. Alberto y Alfredo conocen María.
