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I2C Drivers
1.
© 2010-17 SysPlay
Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> All Rights Reserved. Inter Integrated Circuit (I2 C) Drivers
2.
2© 2010-17 SysPlay
Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> All Rights Reserved. What to Expect? I2 C Prologue I2 C Subsystem in Linux I2 C Client Driver I2 C Device Registration (Non DT and DT)
3.
3© 2010-17 SysPlay
Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> All Rights Reserved. I2 C Prologue Originally developed by Phillips (SMBus by Intel) Suitable for small slow devices I2 C is a 2-wire protocol One Serial Clock One Data Line Popular in Desktops & Embedded Systems Used for accessing EEPROMs RTCs ...
4.
4© 2010-17 SysPlay
Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> All Rights Reserved. I2 C Conditions Start Condition Master signals this condition to initiates the transfer on the bus Stop Condition Master signals this condition to stop the transfer ACK Condition Master or Slave to acknowledge the receipt of previous byte
5.
5© 2010-17 SysPlay
Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> All Rights Reserved. I2 C Transactions Master begins the communication by issuing the start condition. Sends a 7/10 bit slave address followed by read/write bit The addressed slave ACK the transfer Transmitter transmits a byte of data and receiver issues ACK on successful receipt Master issues a STOP condition to finish the transaction
6.
6© 2010-17 SysPlay
Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> All Rights Reserved. I2 C Transactions... Start Data 1 SLA + W Slave ACK Data 2 Data N Slave ACK Slave ACK Stop Master Write Slave ACK Start Data 1 SLA + W Slave ACK Repeat Start Data 1 Slave ACK SLA + R Stop Master Read Master ACK Data N Master NACK
7.
7© 2010-17 SysPlay
Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> All Rights Reserved. I2 C Character Driver Framework User Space App open(), read(), write() /dev/i2c_drv0 i2c_app.c, i2c_intr.c my_open() my_read() my_write() Char Driver Low Level I2 C Driver i2c_char.c i2c_read() i2c_write() test1.c, s1.c, s2.c.. i2c_omap.c (initialization and utility functions)
8.
8© 2010-17 SysPlay
Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> All Rights Reserved. AM335x I2 C Registers I2C_SA_REGISTER (Slave Address Reg) I2C_CON_REGISTER (Configuration Reg) Bits for enabling the I2 C module Selecting the Fast / Standard mode of op Selecting the Master / Slave config Sending the Start / Stop conditions on the bus I2C_DATA (RX/TX Data Reg) I2C_BUF (FIFO Thresholds, DMA configuration) I2C_CNT (Bytes in I2 C data payload) I2C_IRQ_STATUS_REG
9.
9© 2010-17 SysPlay
Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> All Rights Reserved. AM335X I2 C APIs #include “i2c_char.h” u16 omap_i2c_read_reg(struct omap_i2c_dev *i2c_dev, int reg) void omap_i2c_write_reg(struct omap_i2c_dev *i2c_dev, int reg, u16 val) u16 wait_for_event(struct omap_i2c_dev *dev) void omap_i2c_ack_stat(struct omap_i2c_dev, u16 stat) val = omap_i2c_read_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_BUF_REG); val |= OMAP_I2C_BUF_TXFIF omap_i2c_write_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_BUF_REG, val);
10.
10© 2010-17 SysPlay
Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> All Rights Reserved. Writing to EEPROM For writing at EEPROM offset 0x0060 Send the start condition. Send the Slave address of EEPROM (0X50), followed by direction (Read/Write) Send the EEPROM location higher byte, followed by lower byte Send the actual data to be written Send the Stop condition START->0x50->0x00(offset High)->0x60 (offset Low)->0X95(Data)->STOP
11.
11© 2010-17 SysPlay
Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> All Rights Reserved. Reading From EEPROM Write the EEPROM offset say 0x0060 (read offset) START->0x50->0x00(offset High)->0x60 (offset Low)- >STOP Read the EEPROM data Send the start condition. Send the Slave address of EEPROM (0X50), followed by direction (Read) Read the data Send the Stop condition START->0x50->Data(RX)->Data(RX)->STOP
12.
12© 2010-17 SysPlay
Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> All Rights Reserved. I2 C Subsystem I2C subsystem provides API to implement I2 C controller driver API to implement I2 C device driver in kernel space An abstraction to implement the client drivers independent of adapter drivers
13.
13© 2010-17 SysPlay
Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> All Rights Reserved. I2 C Subsystem ... User Space Kernel Space I 2 C Device (i2c_client) I 2 C Host Controller (i2c_adapter) I 2 C Bus Hardware Space /sys, /dev User Applications I 2 C User Mode Device Driver I 2 C Core i2c-dev I 2 C Adapter (platform_driver) / Algo Driver (i2c_algorithm) Vertical: Character/SysFS I 2 C Client Driver Horizontal: I 2 C (i2c_driver)
14.
14© 2010-17 SysPlay
Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> All Rights Reserved. I2 C Subsystem Details i2c-adapter / i2-algo Controller-specific I2 C host controller / adapter Also called as the I2 C bus drivers i2c-core Hides the adapter details from the layers above By providing the generic I2 C APIs i2c-dev Provides device access in user space through /sys Enables implementation of User Mode Drivers i2c-client Driver specific to an I2 C device Implemented using i2c-core APIs
15.
15© 2010-17 SysPlay
Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> All Rights Reserved. I2 C Driver Model CPU I 2 C Controller 1 I 2 C Controller 2 I 2 C Controller 3 I 2 C Adapter 1 I 2 C Adapter 2 I 2 C Adapter 3 I 2 C Client 1 /sys/bus/i2c /sys/bus/platform /sys/bus/platform/device/xx.i2c /sys/devices/ocp.3/xx.i2c/ Platform Bus /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-n I 2 C Client 2 I 2 C Client 3 I 2 C Bus /sys/bus/i2c/n-xx/i2c-n/devicen
16.
16© 2010-17 SysPlay
Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> All Rights Reserved. SMBus Subset of I2 C Using only SMBus commands makes it compatible with both adapters Part of I2 C Core itself APIs for Device Access (Header: <linux/i2c.h>) int ioctl(smbus_fp, cmd, arg); s32 i2c_smbus_write_byte(client, val); s32 i2c_smbus_read_byte(client); s32 i2c_smbus_write_*_data(client, cmd, val); s32 i2c_smbus_read_*_data(client, cmd); client – Pointer to struct i2c_client created by the probe function
17.
17© 2010-17 SysPlay
Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> All Rights Reserved. I2 C Client Driver Typically a character driver vertical or /sys exposed But actually depends on the device category And the I2 C driver horizontal Registers with I2 C Core (in the init function) Unregisters from I2 C Core (in the cleanup function) And uses the transfer function from I2 C Core for actual data transactions int i2c_transfer (struct i2c_adapter *adap, struct i2c_msg *msgs, int num); adap is the client->adapter
18.
18© 2010-17 SysPlay
Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> All Rights Reserved. I2 C Client Driver's init & cleanup Registering to the I2 C Core using int i2c_add_driver(struct i2c_driver *); struct i2c_driver contains probe function – called on device detection remove function – called on device shutdown id_table – Table of device identifiers Unregistering from the I2 C Core using void i2c_del_driver(struct i2c_driver *); Common bare-bone of init & cleanup Just use module_i2c_driver(struct i2c_driver);
19.
19© 2010-17 SysPlay
Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> All Rights Reserved. I2 C Client Driver's Registration struct i2c_driver dummy_driver = { .driver = { .name = “dummy_client”, .owner = THIS_MODULE, }, .probe = dummy_probe, .remove = dummy_remove, .id_table = dummy_ids, } static const struct i2c_device_id dummy_ids = { { “dummy_device”, 0}, {} }; i2c_add_driver(dummy_driver);
20.
20© 2010-17 SysPlay
Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> All Rights Reserved. I2 C Adapter Driver Registering to the I2 C Core using int i2c_add_driver(struct i2c_driver *); struct i2c_driver contains probe function – called on device detection remove function – called on device shutdown id_table – Table of device identifiers Unregistering from the I2 C Core using void i2c_del_driver(struct i2c_driver *); Common bare-bone of init & cleanup Just use module_i2c_driver(struct i2c_driver);
21.
21© 2010-17 SysPlay
Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> All Rights Reserved. Checking Adapter Capabilities I2 C client driver's probe would typically check for HC capabilities Header: <linux/i2c.h> APIs u32 i2c_get_functionality (struct *i2c_adapter); int i2c_check_functionality (struct *i2c_adapter, u32 func);
22.
22© 2010-17 SysPlay
Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> All Rights Reserved. I2 C Client Driver Examples Path: <kernel_source>/drivers/ I2 C EEPROM: AT24 misc/eeprom/at24.c I2 C Audio: Beagle Audio Codec cum Pwr Mgmt mfd/twl4030-audio.c -> mfd/twl-core.c(plat driver) I2 C RTC: DS1307 rtc/rtc-twl.c -> mfd/twl-core.c; rtc/rtc-ds1307.c Browse & Discuss any
23.
23© 2010-17 SysPlay
Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> All Rights Reserved. Registering an I2 C Client (Non DT) On non-DT platforms, the struct i2c_board_info describes how device is connected to a board Defined with I2C_BOARD_INFO helper macro Takes as argument the device name and the slave address of the device on the bus. An array of such structures is registered on per bus basis using the i2c_register_board_info during the platform initialization
24.
24© 2010-17 SysPlay
Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> All Rights Reserved. Registering an I2 C Client (Non DT).. static struct i2c_board_info my_i2c_devices [] = { { I2C_BOARD_INFO (“my_device”, 0 x1D ), . irq = 70, .platform_data = &my_data }, }; i2c_register_board_info (0, my_i2c_devices , ARRAY_SIZE ( my_i2c_devices ));
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25© 2010-17 SysPlay
Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> All Rights Reserved. Registering an I2 C Client (DT) In the device tree, the I2 C devices on the bus are described as children of the I2 C controller node reg property gives the I2 C slave address on the bus
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26© 2010-17 SysPlay
Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> All Rights Reserved. Registering an I2 C Client (DT) ... i2c@49607899 { compatible = "dummy_adap"; clock-frequency = <0x186a0>; #address-cells = <0x1>; #size-cells = <0x0>; my_dummy@0 { compatible = "dummy_device"; reg = <0x40>; }; }; Registered internally by i2c_core based on info from DTB i2c_new_device(struct i2c_adapter *, struct i2c_board_info *);
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27© 2010-17 SysPlay
Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> All Rights Reserved. What all have we learnt? I2 C Prologue I2 C Subsystem in Linux I2 C Client Driver I2 C Device Registration (Non DT and DT)
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28© 2010-17 SysPlay
Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> All Rights Reserved. Any Queries?