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Reconceptualizing Human Resource Management by Inclusion of Social Networks – A Theoretical Approach
1. Reconceptualizing Human Resource
Management by Inclusion of Social
Networks – A Theoretical Approach
1st Interdisciplinary Workshop
“Decentralization and Networks”
Siegen, 25.11.2011
Tobias M. Scholz
Chair for Human Resources and Organizational Behavior
University of Siegen
2. Social Networks?
Christakis, Nicholas A./Fowler, James H.,
Connected: Amazing Power of Social Networks
and How They Shape Our Lives, New York
(Little, Brown and Company) 2009.
Tobias M. Scholz pmg.uni-siegen.de 2
3. Social Networks?
“As companies face an information
explosion and an unprecedented need for
flexibility in a rapidly changing
marketplace, the corporate model is in the
midst of a complete makeover.“
(Barabási, 2003:201)
Tobias M. Scholz pmg.uni-siegen.de 3
4. Social Networks?
• Social Networks are part of research
for a long period (Borgatti et al., 2009)
• Increase in Popularity
Globalization (Feiock et al., 2008)
Decentralization (Moore et al., 2003)
Digital Networks (Bollen et al., 2011)
• Improvements in Research
Data Collection (Eagle/Pentland, 2006)
Prediction Algorithms (Barabási, 2011)
Fostering (Zhang et al., 2008)
Maintenance (Bramoullé/Saint-Paul, 2010)
Tobias M. Scholz pmg.uni-siegen.de 4
5. Social Networks and Human Resource Management
• Self Positioning
Strategic Business Partner (Lawler/Mohrman, 2003)
Specialized Service Partner (Greer et al., 1999)
• Shift in the Organization
Centralization Decentralization (Moore et al.,
2003)
Hierarchy-Based Market-Based (Scholz, 2003)
Search for Competitive Advantage
Tobias M. Scholz pmg.uni-siegen.de 5
6. Path Dependence
Increase in Competition
Hierachy-Based or Rise of Complexity
Market-Based Embeddedness
Competitive Advantage:
Social Networks
Sydow, Jörg/Schreyögg, Georg/Koch, Jochen,
Organizational Path Dependence: Opening the
Black Box, in: Academy of Management Review
34 (4/2009), 689-709.
Tobias M. Scholz pmg.uni-siegen.de 6
7. Social Networks – Governing Laws
Barabási, Albert-László, The
Architecture of Complexity, in:
IEEE Control Systems Magazine
27 (4/2007), 33-42.
Tobias M. Scholz pmg.uni-siegen.de 7
8. Theoretical Implications
• Stability
Networks are robust and allow fluctuation to a
certain threshold (Barabási, 2003)
Managing knowledge transfer (Poell et al. 2008)
Cooperation can lead to self-sustaining
“organisms” (Christakis/Fowler, 2009)
• Burstiness
short timeframes of intense activity followed by
long times of no or reduced activity (Barabási, 2011)
• Heterogenity
Each person is different (Christakis/Fowler, 2009)
Preferential attachment (Barabási, 2003)
Outliers increase complexity (Barabási, 2011)
Tobias M. Scholz pmg.uni-siegen.de 8
11. Literaturverzeichnis
Alderson, D. L. Catching the “Network Science” Bug: Insight and Opportunity for the Operations Researcher, in: Operations Research 56 (5/2008),
1047-1065.
Ballester, C./Calvó-Armengol, A./Zenou, Y., Who's Who in Networks. Wanted: The Key Player, in: Econometrica 74 (5/2006), 1403-1417.
Barabási, Albert-László, Linked: How Everything is Connected to Everything Else and What It Means for Business, Science, and Everyday Life. London
(PLUME Books) 2003.
Barabási, Albert-László, The Architecture of Complexity, in: IEEE Control Systems Magazine 27 (4/2007), 33-42.
Barabási, Albert-László, Scale-Free Networks: A Decade and Beyond, in: Science 325 (5939/2009), 412-413.
Barabási, Albert-László, Bursts: The Hidden Patterns Behind Everything We Do, from Your E-Mail to Bloody Crusades. London (PLUME) 20011.
Bollen, J./Goncalves, B./Ruan, G./Mao, H., Happiness Is Assortative in Online Networks, in: Artifical Life 17 (3/2011), 237-256.
Borgatti, S. P.,/Mehra, A./Brass, D. J./Labianca, G., Network Analyisis in the Social Sciences, in: Science 323(5916/2009), 892-895.
Bramoullé, Y./Saint-Paul, G., Social Networks and Labor Market Transitions, in: Labour Economics 17 (1/2010), 188-195.
Burt, R. S. Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition. Cambridge (Harvard University Press) 1992.
Christakis, Nicholas A./Fowler, James H., Connected: Amazing Power of Social Networks and How They Shape Our Lives, New York (Little, Brown and
Company) 2009.
Dirks, K. T./Lewicki, R. J./Zaheer, A., Repairing Relationships Withing and Between Organizations, in Academy of Management Review 34 (1/2009), 68-84.
Eagle, N./Pentland, A. S. Reality mining: sensing complex social systems, in: Personal and Ubiquitous Computing 10 (4/2006), 255–268 .
Farjoun, M., Beyond Dualism: Stability and Change as a Duality, in: Academy of Management 35 (2/2010), 202-225.
Feiock, R. C./Jae Moon, M./Park, H. J., Is the World Flat or Spiky? Rethinking the Governance Implications of Globalization for Economic Development, in:
Public Administration Review 68 (1/2008), 24-35.
Greer, C. R./Youngblood, S. A./Gray, D. A., Human Resource Management Outsourcing: The Make or Buy Decision, in: Academy of Management Executive
13 (3/1999), 85-96.
Lawler, E. E./Mohrman, S. A., HR as a Strategic Partner: What Does it Take to Make it Happen, in: Human Resource Planning 26 (3/2003), 15-29.
Liu, Y./Slotine, J./Barabási, A., Controllability of Complex Networks, in: Nature 473 (2011), 167-173.
Moore, S./Eng, E./Daniel, M., International NGOs and the Role of Network Centrality in Humanitarion Aid Operations, in: Disasters 27(4/2003), 305-318.
Poell, R. F./Van der Krogt, F. J., The Role of Social Networks in Managing Organizational Talent, Knowledge and Employee Learning, in: Vaiman, V./Vance,
C. M. (eds), Smart Talent Management, Cheltenham (Edward Elgar Publishing) 2008, 93-118.
Scholz C., Die Saarbrücker MO5-Wertschöpfungskette, in: Scholz, C./Gutmann, J. (eds.), Webbaserte Personalwertschöpfung. Wiesbaden (Gabler) 2003,
123-144.
Stein, V., Professionalisierung des Personalmanagements: Selbstverpflichtung als Weg, in: Zeitschrift für Management 5 (3/2010), 201-206.
Sydow, Jörg/Schreyögg, Georg/Koch, Jochen, Organizational Path Dependence: Opening the Black Box, in: Academy of Management Review 34 (4/2009),
689-709.
Zhang, Y./Friend, A. J./Traud, A. L./Porter, M. A./Fowler, J. H./Mucha, P. J., Community Structure in Congresional Cosponsorship Networks, in: Physica A:
Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 387 (7/2008), 1705-1712.
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