Classification of Bionanomaterials

1. Classificationof Bionanomaterials

4. Availability of stronger, tougher and lighter materials for construction and engineering.

5. Cleaner drinking water due to the creation of filters that can entrap organisms and toxins.

6. Cleaner environment through remediation to remove pollutants from the environment

7. Improved healthcare by fabrication of devices and drug delivery systems for better monitoring,

8. diagnosis and treatment of chronic diseases.

9. Improvement on transport systems

11. Amyloid fibrils

12. Actin Filaments

13. Aromatic Peptides

14. Bacteriophages

15. Minerals

16. Viruses

18. DNA is being used as a nano-wire with specific recognition information embedded

20. The ability of amyloid fibrils to serve as a template for the fabrication of nano-materials was demonstrated with yeast prion proteins.

22. One of the advantages of the actin filaments is the ability to control their polymerization and depolymerization by the presence of ATP nucleotides.

24. Formation of silver nanowires is possible with peptide nanotubes templates.

26. The great advantage of the phage particles is their ability to express specific proteins on their surface in multiple copies.

28. The most notable mineral is of course calcium in its different forms.

29. The ability to form complex inorganic structures such as artificial bones and teeth using biological templates that will direct inorganic organization may change the face of modern medicine.

30. One example of such an approach is the use of a peptide fragment of silaffin1, internal-repeats protein that mediates silica organization.

33. Diagnostic immunoassays include products such as:

34. home pregnancy test kits that contain antibodies that detect minute traces of the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone

35. diagnostic kits for the determination of HIV

36. diagnostic kits for hepatitis virus infections

37. A more futuristic instrument includes a nano-device that measures the glucose levels using electrochemical reaction and nano electrodes on a chip that are connected to a controlled delivery system that releases insulin according to a programmed profile. Such a nano-device will be able to mimic some of the functions of the pancreas for acute Type I and chronic Type II diabetes patients.