2. Table of Contents Present tense Stem changers Irregular ‘yo’ Saber vs. conocer Reflexives ‘Se’ impersonal Present tense w/ dipthongs -uir/-guir, -cer/-cir, -ger/-gir Verbs like… Hace + _____ + que + present Ser vs. estar
3. Present AR Yo o Tu as El, ella, ud. a Nosotros amos Vosotros aís Ellos, ellas, uds. an ER/IR Yo o Tu es El, ella, ud. e Nosotros emos/imos Vosotros éis/ís Ellos, ellas, uds. en
4. Stem Changers Stem changers are verbs that change in every form EXCEPT the nosotros and vosotros forms. E > I Repetir Repito Repites Repite Repetimos Repetís Repiten O > UE Contar Cuento Cuentas Cuenta Contamos Contáis Cuentan E > IE Cerrar Cierro Cierras Cierra Cerramos Cerráis Cierran O > UE Dormir Duermo Duermes Duerme Dormimos Dormís Duermen
5. Irregular “yo” Irregular “yo” verbs are verbs that change in the yo form such as go, zco, and other verbs like ser and ir. -go verbs Poner – to put Pongo Decir (e<i) – to say Digo Tener – to have Tengo Traer – to bring Traigo Hacer – to do Hago Oir – to hear Oigo -zco verbs Conocer - Conozco Producir Produzco Conducir Conduzco Other verbs Ser – to be Soy Estar – to be Estoy Ir – to go Voy Ver – to see Saber – to know Se Dar - Doy
7. Reflexives In Spanish, when you talk about an action being performed on yourself, you show the reflexive nature of the action with a reflexive verb. Reflexive verbs indicate that the subject of the sentence has performed an action on itself. In other words, in a reflexive sentence the subject is the same as the object.
9. Presente tense w/ dipthongs A dipthong is a weak vowel like i, y, or u and a strong vowel like a, e, or o and the accent is placed on the weak vowel.
10. -uir/-guir, -cer/-cir, -ger/gir -uir/-guir Atribuir Concluir Construir Contribuir Destruir Distribuir Excluir Incluir Instruir -ger/-gir *Change the G>J in the yo form. In the other forms, use G. Coger – to catch Exigir – to demand Cojo Exijo Coges Exiges Coge Exige Cogemos Exigemos Cogéis Exigis Cogen Exigen -cer/-cir Atribuir Concluir Construir Contribuir Destruir Distribuir Excluir Incluir Instruir
