4. Stem Changing
E to IE
•Example:
•Querer (to want)
•Yo quiero comida.
E to I
•Example
•Servir (to serve)
•Yo sirvo a la restaurante.
O to UE
•Example
•Duermir
•Yo duermo mucho.
•Example
U to UE •Jugar
•Yo juego futbol.
5. Para
What it When it is Examples
means used
• In English:
• Para means • Para is used Lets go to
in order to or when the
for indicating restaurant.
the recipient • In Spanish:
of an item or Vamos al
object. resturante
para comer.
6. Indirect Object Pronouns
•Indirect object pronouns are used to represent who the action is being done to or who
it is being received by.
•They depend on who is receiving the action.
•So if it was a girl, then you would use le because it would have to agree with
ella.
•If I was receiving the action or object, then it would be me because it has to
agree with yo.
•In English, an example would be I gave the dog to her.
•In Spanish, it would be translated to le doy el perro.
Indirect Object Pronouns
Yo - Me Nosotros - Nos
Tu - Te
El/Ella/Usted - Ellos/Ellas/Usted
Le es - Les
7. Pronoun Placement
1. You can attach
the pronoun to the 2. You can attach
infinitive. the pronoun to the
Ex. Me gustar progressive tense.
comerlo bistec.
When placing a
prnoun in a
sentence, there
are four different
placement options.
4. You can place the
3. You can attach pronoun before a
the pronoun to an conjugated verb.
infinitive Ex. Carlos le acaba de
command. vender una revista a
Rosa.
8. Gustar
• Gustar means to like.
• It is used differently than we are used to in English though.
• We say that we like something (I like fruit.)
• However, in Spanish, we say that that thing is pleasing to us
(Fruit is pleasing to me.)
• The endings in gustar also differ based on the amount of the
objects that is pleasing.
– For examples:
• Me gusta fruta.
– Fruta is singular so we would use gusta.
• Me gustan perros.
– Dogs are plural so we would add n to the end to make it plural as
well.
• You also use IOPS to indicate whether you would use me, le,
te, etc.
9. Affirmative and Negative
Words
Affirmatives Negatives
Alguno/a = some Nadie = no one
Ninguno/a = no
Algo = something
one or not any
Alguin = someone Nada = nothing
Tampoco = neither
Tambien = also
or either
10. Superlatives
• Superlatives are added to adjectives or
adverbs to intensify them.
• They are like English’s versions of very or
If it ends in c
extremely. hen you •Rico becomes
riquisimo
change the c
Feminine •-Isima to qu
Singular If it ends in g
•Larga becomes
then you
change the g larguisima
Feminine •-Isimas
to gu
Plural If it ends in z
then you •Feliz becomes
Masculine •-Isimo
change the z felicimo
Singular to c
Masculine •-Isimos If it ends in n or •Joven becomes jovencisimo
r then you add •Trabajador becomes
Plural on cisimo/a
trabajadorcisimo
11. Reflexives
• Reflexive verbs are verbs that
we do to ourselves like
washing ourselves or brushing
our teeth. We do those things
so they are reflexive. 1. Take off the se
• The subject for reflexive verbs
is also the object. Therefore,
the subject, pronoun, and
verb all have to be in the 2. Change the se to the pronoun
same form. that matches the subject
• All reflexive verbs end in se as
well.
• To conjugate them… 3. Change the verb the form that
• For example… matches the subject and pronoun
• I take a shower would
become yo me ducho.
• You go to sleep would
become tu te duermes.
12. Affirmative tú commands/
Irregulars/ Pronoun Placement
Irregular
With regular affirmative tu With irregular
commands
affirmative tu affirmative tu
Decir Di commands, you have
commands, you
to use the commands
just put the verb in Hacer Haz listed to the right.
the tu form and Ir Ve They are irregulars so
then drop the s. they do not follow the
Poner Pon normal rules. An
Examples of this
example of this would
would be… Salir Sal be…
Eat it --- Comela Ser Se Do the chores --- Haz
Take a bath --- los quehaceres
Banate Tener Ten
Venir Ven
13. Negative tú commands/
Irregulars/ Pronoun Placement
For regular Irregular negative tu For irregular negative
negative tu commands tu commands, you
commands, you have to use the list of
Dar or Decir No des or no
have to put in the igas commands on the
yo form, then left. A example of
change to the Ir No vayas this would be…
opposite vowel (ar Don’t be sad --- No
Ser No seas
verb to e and er, ir estes triste
verb to a), and Hacer No hagas
then add an s. An
Estar No etes
example of this
would be… Saber or salir No sepas or
Do not use my no salgas
brush --- No uses mi
cepillo Tener No tengas
Venir No vengas
14. Sequencing Events
Sequencing Events
Primero First
Entonces Then
Luego Later
Despues After
Por fin Finally
Antes de Before
Despues de After
Por la manana/ In or during the
tardes/ noche morning/ afternoon/
evening
Los Lunes, Martes, etc. On Monday, Tuesday,
etc.
