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1. Nature, Goals and
Perspectives in/of
Anthropology, Sociology
and Political Science
Module in UCSP 12
First Quarter
Understanding Culture, Society and Politics
THOMAS G. TUMPAP
Developer
Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

2. What I Need to Know
Welcome to our UCSP class!
Due to the ongoing contagion of COVID 19 that prevents us from meeting
face to face in the classroom, this module was developed in the hope that you can
continue to learn even in your own homes.
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you make sense and meaning of the nature, goals and perspectives of the social
sciences such as Anthropology, Sociology and Political Science. As Grade 12
learners readying yourself for college work or for the country’s labor force itself, it
is imperative that you have a good grasp of different concepts related to the afore-
mentioned social sciences because they are what you will deal with yourselves in
the future field you will venture into after high school.
This module takes you through a meaningful learning experience of
exploration and discovery while you learn more about the various nature, goals and
perspectives on how to deal with everyday situations you encounter, how do deal
with every person you meet, how to view what you see and observe and how would
you apply the things you will learn here in your daily lives. I encourage you to
actively engage with the text as you read through the module. I hope you find this
learning material useful as you engage with all the learning activities. You will also
find this module helpful if you involve yourself in the topic, read the lesson
carefully, follow the instructions in all activities and answer all the provided
learning activities.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
 UCSP11/12SPUIa-1 - articulate observations on human cultural
variation, social differences, social change, and political identities
Specific Objectives:
1. Make meaning of some pictures viewed by formulating own ideas;
2. Characterize what the word “understanding” connotes via a
concept map; and
3. Draw some worthy insights using different viewpoints on some
given social situations.
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Hi! As the facilitator of this module, kindly orient the learner on how to go about reading
and answering this learning material. When possible, advise the learner’s parents or
guardians of the same procedure since they will be the primary supporters in the learners’
academic progress.
For the learner:

3. Hello learner! I hope you are ready to learn new concepts by
accomplishing this learningmodule. This is designed to provide you with
interactive tasks to further develop the desired learning competencies
prescribed in our curriculum. In this module, you are expected to make
sense and meaning of the nature, goals and perspectives of the Social
Sciences’ disciplines especially on Anthropology, Sociology and Political
Science.
Here is a guide on the parts of the learning moduleswhich you need to understand as you
progress in reading and analyzing its content.
ICON LABEL DETAIL
What I need to know
This contains the learning objectives
which you need to accomplish
What I know
This assesses what you know about
the lesson you are to tackle
What’s In
This connectsthe current lessons with
the previous lessons
What’s New
This introduces the lesson through an
activity
What’s Is It
This contains a brief discussion of the
lessons
What’s More
These are activities to check your
understanding of the lesson
What I have Learned
This summarizes the important ideas
presented in the lesson
What I Can Do
This is a real life application of what
you have learned
Assessment
This is a post assessment of what you
have learned
Additional Activities This is an activity that will strengthen
your knowledge about the lesson
What I Know
Name: ____________________Section: ______________Date: ______Score: ____
Name & Signature of Parent/Guardian: ________________ Date: ___________
Name & Signature of the Teacher: ______________________Date: ___________
Multiple Choice: Encircle the letter of the best answer. (10 items; 10 pts.)
1. Comprised of a wide array of disciplines that studies the overall function of a
society as well as the interactions among individual members of an institution.
a. Social Sciences b. Social Arts c. Social Media
2. A systematic study of the biological, cultural, and social aspects of man.
a. Sociology b. Anthropology c. Political Science

4. 3. The study of human social life, groups, and society
a. Sociology b. Anthropology c. Political Science
4. Activity through which people make, preserve, and amend the general rules
under which they live
a. Sociology b. Anthropology c. Political Science
5. A field of study in Anthropology concerned on how social patterns and practices and
cultural variations developacross different societies.
a. Social Anthropology b. Cultural Anthropology c. LinguisticAnthropology
6. A field of study in Anthropology concerned on how cultural variations developacross
different societiesand examinesthe need to understand each culture in its own
context.
a. Social Anthropology b. Cultural Anthropology c. Biological and Physical
Anthropology
7. A field of study in Anthropology concerned on language discourse and how they reflect
and shape different aspects of human.
a. Biological and Physical Anthropology b. Linguistic Anthropology
c. Archaeology
8. A field of study in Anthropology that deals with prehistoric societiesby studying their
tools and environment.
a. Biological and Physical Anthropology b. Archaeology c. Evolution
9. The academicstudy of government and the state.
a. Political Science b. Politics c. Political Arts
10. A domain of Political Science that examineshow the government functions and how
decisionsand policies are made.
a. Public Administration b. Political Economy c. Comparative Politics
True or False: Write O if the statement is TRUE and write X if the statement is FALSE(6
ITEMS, 6 PTS.)
_____ 1. The penultimate meaning of the term “Understanding” as used in the title of
our subject is tolerance.
_____ 2. The study of politics is both a science and an art.
_____ 3. In order “to understand” culture,society and politics, we have to vie w it from
different perspectives.
_____ 4. Our approach in the study of culture, society and politics is a combination of
sociology and anthropology hence called social anthropology.
_____ 5. It is nearlyimpossible to study Politics without studying Economics.
_____ 6. My freedom ends where your nose begins.
Note: If your score is 100% (score of 15/15), you must skip the module but if it is
50% to 99% correct (score of 14 and below) – please proceed with the module.

5. Lesson
Nature, Goals and
Perspectives of Anthropology.
Sociology and Political
Science
What’s In
When understood properly, Social Science disciplines like Anthropology,
Sociology and Political Science are effective tools to view, analyze, make sense and
meaning and appreciate culture, society and politics which may differ from your
point of view. The nature, goals and perspective of these social science subjects will
provide you “understanding” of cultural diversity, social differences and
political issues in the local, regional, national and global community which you
are all a part of.
This “understanding” is expectedly a continuing learning process that
defines you as an individual and future nation-builder as you make the learnings
here operational in your lives – respectful of other’s beliefs and practices, more
tolerable and accepting of others and their views and an advocate of peace and
cooperation among all nations. After all, and old adage say, “we are treated the way
we treat others.”
In your previous subject, Discipline in Applied Sciences (DIASS) and Politics and
Governance, you have focused on the application of social science theories, concepts,
methods, and findings to problems identified in the wider society.
Using this understanding in the segmentation of social science into distinct discipline
gives rise to the concepts of applied social sciences.
Let’s go over these theories, concepts, methods and findings. Can you name some
examples for each of them?
Notes to the Facilitator
Prior to understanding the lesson on the nature,goals and perspectives of
Social Sciences disciplines like Anthropology, Sociology and Political
Science, the learners should have taken the subject Discipline in Applied
Social Sciences (DIASS) and Politics and Governance where they have an
initial understanding of human behavior in its many cultural forms
including the past and the present, individually or in groups, national and
international geopolitical contexts, and to empower them as democratic
participants in a fast changing world.

6. SOCIAL SCIENCES - are a group of
academic disciplines dedicated to examining
society. This branch of science studies how
people interact with each other, behave,
develop as a culture, and influence the
world.
Your Examples:
______________________________
______________________________
SOCIAL NORMS - are regarded as
collective representations of acceptable group
conduct as well as individual perceptions of
particular group conduct. They can be viewed
as cultural products which represent
individuals' basic knowledge of what others do
and think that they should do.
Your Examples:
_________________________________
_________________________________
ETHNIC GROUPS or ETHNICITY -
An ethnic group or ethnicity is a category of
people who identify with each other, usually on
the basis of presumed similarities such as a
common language, ancestry, history, society,
culture, nation, race or social treatment within
their residing area.
Your examples:
___________________________________
___________________________________
CULTURAL DIVERSITY - is the existence of a variety of cultural groups within a
society. Cultural groups can share many different characteristics. They include:
culture, religion, ethnicity, language,
nationality, sexual orientation, class, gender,
age, disability, health differences, geographic
location and lots of other things.
Your Examples:
____________________________________
____________________________________

7. SOCIAL ISSUE - is a problem that
influences many citizens within a society.
It is a common problem in present-day
society and one that many people strive to
solve. It is often the consequence of factors
extending beyond an individual's control.
Your Examples:
___________________________________
___________________________________
GOVERNMENT – a political system upon which the
powers of the state are exercised in order to
administer its affairs and exercise control over a
political unit and its citizens.
Your examples:
___________________________________
___________________________________
EXERCISE OF POWER – These are
actions by which government and or the
people exercise their functions and
obligations mandated under the constitution.
Your Examples:
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
CONSTITUTION – the fundamental law
of a country upon which all others laws
are based on and determines the powers
and duties of the government and
guarantee certain rights to the people in
it.
Your Example:
_________________________________________
______________________________________

8. HUMAN RIGHTS - are moral principles or
norms that describe certain standards of
human behavior and are regularly protected as
natural and legal rights in national and
international law.
Your examples:
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
What’s New
You would have probably noticed the word “understanding” before
the words culture, society and politics in the title of your subject. So before we proceed
to the lesson proper, I would like you to inter pret first this word by going over this
crossword puzzle for you to be able to get a good grasp of why it is needed to add the
word in the title of your subject.
There are ten (10) words in this puzzle for you to find and encircle, let’s go!
1. Understanding
2. Tolerance
3. Interpretation
4. Analysis
5. Empathy
6. Forbearance
7. Appreciation
8. Knowledge
9. Clarification
10.Evaluation

9. What is It
Now that you found the words, let us examine how they
relate to our study of Culture, Society and Politics.
“Understanding” is a big word when we try to study concepts, phenomena, theories or
methods in culture, society and politics. So when we included the word
“understanding” in the title of our subject itself, it means all the others words that you
find in the crossword puzzle. Let’s try this analogy and fill in the blanks with the
appropriate word you have found in the puzzle:
1. When one learner has an UNDERSTANDING, he/she learns, and that is
K _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;
2. when the learner has (ans. In # 1), what does he/she do with it? He/She
questions and thus he/she makes C _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;
3. when the same learner (ans. In # 2), he/she makes A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in order for
him/her to come up with an I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of what he/she has learned.
4. The learner’s next move is to make an E _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;
5. after this, the learner would be lead to show either A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ or
E _ _ _ _ _ _ as expression of his/her value judgement.
6. Finally, once the learner moves out of the classroom, he/she is expected to
show understanding by showing F_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ or T _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to
situations he/she is faced with, to people he/she meets in life’s journey, to
things he/she observes in daily life which may be totally different from what
he/she thinks is normal.
This way, the learner sets aside his/her bias and prejudices through the lens or
on the perspective of OTHERS.
Let’s look at an EXAMPLE:
It is common among the Kankanaeys and the Ibalois of Benguet province to make
fun of each other’s dialect and rarely do you see people here fight each other because
of the difference in language. Instead of living apart and indifferent to one another, they
use a borrowed language in order to bridge the gap or some take the effort to learn
each other’s language.
Once a Kankanaey or an Ibaloi learn each other’s language, they start to inquire
on the terms they use to name things, situations or anything else. That is clarifying
for better interpretation of what they wish to convey and results to better

10. CLARIFICATION
KNOWLEDGE
UNDERSTANDING
communication. They also need to employ analysis and contextualized situations for
a clearer picture of what one or the other meant.
The effort to learn in itself and improved on each other’s knowledge of both their
languages shows empathy and appreciation. Now, if the effort to learn the other’s
language gets futile, they just shrug it off in a sign of tolerance or forbearance yet
what matters the most is when they both agreed to bridge the divide by shifting to a
“borrowed” language like Ilocano or Tagalog to get their message across is ultimately a
gesture of peace, unity and cooperation.
ABSTRACTION:
To abstract our discussion, I would like to you complete the “Pyramid Of
Success” in our journey here in the subject, the first are provided for you:
PEACE, UNITY AND COOPERATION
Anthropology Sociology
Political Science
CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS
For supplemental learning, click on this link to view the video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uhlnQfYLSI8 ( Kankanaey vs. Ibaloi)

11. What’s More
Nature, Goals and Perspective of Anthropology,
Sociology and Political Science
Learning Objectives:
 Identify and
discuss
anthropology,
sociology, and
political science;
 Recognize the
common
concerns or
intersections of
anthropology, sociology, and political science with respect
to phenomenon of change.
 Identify the subject of inquiry, goals and perspectives of
anthropology, sociology, and political science.
 Social Science
 The discipline under which
identity, culture, society,
and politics are studied.
 Are comprised of a wide
array of disciplines that
studies the overall
function of a society as
well as the interactions
among individual members of an institution.

12. Fields of Social Science
Anthropology
Sociology
Political Science
Anthropology
A systematic study of the biological, cultural, and social aspects
of man from two Greek words,
Anthropos, meaning “MAN”; and
Logos, meaning “STUDY”
Fields of study and areas
of interests:
 Social Anthropology – studies how
social patterns and practices and
cultural variations develop across
different societies.
 Cultural Anthropology – studies
cultural variations develop across
different societies and examines
the need to understand each
culture in its own context.
 Linguistic Anthropology - studies language discourse and how they
reflect and shape different aspects of human.
 Biological and Physical Anthropology – studies origins of humans as well
as the interplay between social factors and process of human evolution,
adaptation, and variations over time.
 Archaeology – deals with prehistoric societies by studying their tools and
environment.

13. Sociology - “The study of
human social life, groups, and
society.” – Anthony Giddens
Attempts to provide a deeper
assessment of individual and
group behavior, as well as social
phenomena.
 Political Science -
Systematic study of politics
 “Activity through which
people make, preserve, and
amend the general rules
under which they live” –
Andrew Heywood
 Focuses on fundamental
values of equality, freedom
and justice and its process
linked to the dynamics of
conflict, resolution, and cooperation.
Areas of Interest in Political Science
Public Administration -
examines how the government
functions and how decisions and
politics are made.
 Political Economy – evaluates
the interplay between economics,
politics, and law and its
implications to various
institutions within society.
 Comparative Politics – compares domestic politics and
governance systems across different sovereign states.

14. Important points to remember:
NATURE:
Anthropology, Sociology and Political Science combines different fields of
study to “understand” culture, society and politics.
GOALS:
Anthropology, Sociology and Political Science aims at investigating social
phenomena such as unique practices, traditions, rituals, language,
behavior, observances, theories, system of governance, etc. of a socio-
cultural group in order to “understand” which means to analyze, to
interpret, to appreciate, to empathize if not ultimately to promote
tolerance and forbearance however different they are from one’s point of
view.
PERSPECTIVES:
Anthropology, Sociology and Political Science make use of an OBJECTIVE
POINT OF VIEW in studying culture, society and politics of different
sociological groups in order to explain, rationalize why such is so in their
own context.
Case in point: Objective vs. Subjective
Answer: To view things objectively is to find for reasons in the
exclusive context of every single sociological group while to view things
subjectively is to find for reasons outside of that context by infusing the
viewer’s point of view, background or where the viewer is coming from.
Activity 1: Nature of Anthropology, Sociology and Political Science
Go over the pictures and identify which Social Science discipline is concerned with
its study. Write beside each picture your answer.
Example: Ans. ___Cultural Anthropology___

15. 1. 2. 3.
Ans. ___________________ Ans. ________________ Ans. ___________________
4. 5. 6.
Ans. ______________________ Ans. ______________________ Ans. ______________________
7. 8. 9.
Ans. _____________________ Ans. _______________________ Ans. _____________________
Assessment 1: From the pool of social concepts, pick and write to which
row of the fields of social sciences do they belong to.
Social Anthropology
Cultural Anthropology
LinguisticAnthropology
Biological andPhysical Anthropology
Archaeology
PublicAdministration
PublicEconomy
humanevolution religiousaffiliation police power ritual traditions dialects
poverty elections prostitution governmentspending taxes
familyties foreignaffairs clan reunions fossils verbal expressions
burial rites primeval tools racial differences gov’t.policies mannerof dressing

16. Activity 2 : Goals and Perspective of Anthropology, Sociology and
Political Science
Instruction: Write √ if the statement advocates the goals and
perspective of Anthropology, Sociology and Political Science and ×
if not.
___ 1. Eating with your bare hands is not proper.
___ 2. I laugh at other’s way of pronouncing some English terms.
___ 3. Women and men are co-equals.
___ 4. Skin color matters.
___ 5. Wars happen because they are normal.
___ 6. I let others be who they are.
___ 7. Men are superior over women.
___ 8. “You’re weird,” that’s not how we do it!
___ 9. “Parang tayong nasa sinaunang panahon!”
___ 10. “Bakla ka kase!”
Assessment 2: Transform the statements into something that would
advocate peace, unity and cooperation.
1. Eating with your bare hands is not proper.
________________________________________________________________
2. I laugh at other’s way of pronouncing some English terms.
________________________________________________________________
3. Women and men are co-equals.
________________________________________________________________
4. Skin color matters.
________________________________________________________________
5. Wars happen because they are normal.
________________________________________________________________
6. I let others be who they are.
________________________________________________________________
7. Men are superior over women.
________________________________________________________________
8. “You’re weird,” that’s not how we do it!
________________________________________________________________
9. “Parang tayong nasa sinaunang panahon!”
________________________________________________________________
10. “Bakla ka kase!”
________________________________________________________________
Activity 3: OBJECTIVE VS. SUBJECTIVE: Tell whether these
common observations are objective or subjective perspectives.
Ex. Women are weaker than men. Ans. Subjective
1. Igorots are stocky-built and small in stature. Ans. _____________

17. 2. White people are superior to the black people. Ans. ____________
3. China produces low quality and fake products. Ans. ___________
4. Gays can also serve in the military. Ans. ______________________
5. The poor should be given more by government. Ans. ___________
6. Laws should be applicable only to the poor. Ans. _______________
7. Ibaloi and Kankanaeys can intermarry. Ans. __________________
8. Women leaders can be great as men leaders. Ans.______________
9. Igorots have tails. Ans. _________________
10. Ilocanos are “kuripot.” Ans. ______________
Assessment 3: Tell what your reactions would be when dealing with
other people, new things and new situations. (You may choose one or
two answers.)
1. A black man from Africa.
a. I stare at him from head to foot. b. I pretend not to see him
c. I smile and wave to him. d. I ask his name.
2. A white man from America.
a. I smile and wave to him. b. I shy away from him.
c. I ask his name. d. I stare at how angelic he looks
3. A strange looking hairdo
a. I laugh at it b. I despise it
c. I tell the person it’s not good. d. I just shrug it off.
4. A bagoong dish – I would say -
a. I don’t like it. b. Pls. replace it c. I’ll give it a try
d. This is okay.
5. Opinions against the president
a. I will defend the preside b. I will respect it.
c. I will get angry.
6. Closure of ABS-CBN
a. I join calls for petition on social media b. Congress was
right c. I think it an attack to press freedom

18. 7. Corruption in government
a. I will speak against it. b. I will use the info. to guide me in
voting c. I will pray for it to stop
8. Different language
a. I’ll say it’s like bird language b. I ask what they’re saying
c. I ask the person to talk in a common language
9. A weird tattoo – I would say -
a. “That’s cool” b. “I don’t understand” c. “Pangit”
10. A bad decision – I declare
a. It’s your fault (“Gungunam”) b. There’s hope
c. How can I help?
What I Have Learned
Filling in those blanks
To check your understanding of the lesson, fill in the blanks with the
appropriate words to complete the thoughts or ideas being established.
________________________, _______________________ and _____________________ are
the three (3) main social science disciplines that helps me____________________,
culture, society and politics. To understand means to clarify, interpret, analyze,
appreciate and empathize, leading me to be _________________ and ________________ of
others, new things, new situations, etc. which I will be facing in the world which are
___________________ to mine.
This understanding should be transformed in me in order that there will be
_________________, ________________________ and _________________________ in the
world.
What I Can Do
Simple case study analysis
A case study analysis requires you to investigate a social
problem, examine the alternative solutions, and propose the most effective
solution using supporting evidence.

19. But we will not do this yet! Instead I will simply ask you to read
a situation below and ask you to analyze well the circumstances around it
and answer some questions by applying the concepts you have learned in
this module. Let’s go!
Situation:
Since March 17 of this year, classes were shutdown
because of the contagion of COVID 19. People were lockdown in
their own homes including learners like you. Most people lost
their jobs while businesses were forced to close including major
industries like transportation, manufacturing and many
others. While the cases of infection increase by the day and a
vaccine to combat the virus is yet to be discovered, people start
to get anxious, depressed and worrisome of what will happen
next. As schools are getting ready to roll out distance learning
as the new mode of education, for sure, you yourself have lots
of questions how this could be done and maybe doubtful if
learning can really happen this way. As you begin this new
phase of letting yourself learn, I would like you to answer
honestly the questions I have for you.
1. How are you feeling lately after being locked in your homes for
the last five (5) months?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
2. What things have you learn to do or have realized after being
lockdown in your home?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
3. Do you agree with how the government is responding to the
contagion of the pandemic? Why?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________

20. 4. Do you think you can cope up with the new system of distance
learning? Why?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
5. Do you have any suggestions or recommendations on how we can
solve the problem of COVID 19 and finally can go back to school
and learn?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Assessment
Name: ____________________Section: ______________Date: ______Score: ____
Name & Signature of Parent/Guardian: ________________ Date: ___________
Name & Signature of the Teacher: ______________________Date: ___________
Multiple Choice: Encircle the letter of the best answer. (10 items; 10 pts.)
1. Comprised of a wide array of disciplines that studies the overall function of a
society as well as the interactions among individual members of an institution.
b. Social Arts b. Social Media c. Social Science
2. A systematic study of the biological, cultural, and social aspects of man.
b. Political Science b. Sociology c. Anthropology
3. The study of human social life, groups, and society
b. Anthropology b. Political Science c. Sociology
4. Activity through which people make, preserve, and amend the general rules
under which they live
b. Sociology b. Anthropology c. Political Science
5. A field of study in Anthropology concerned on how social patterns and practices
and cultural variations develop across different societies.
a. Social Anthropology b. Cultural Anthropology c. Linguistic
Anthropology
6. A field of study in Anthropology concerned on how cultural variations develop
across different societies and examines the need to understand each culture in its
own context.
a. Social Anthropology b. Cultural Anthropology c. Biological and
Physical Anthropology
7.A field of study in Anthropology concerned on language discourse and how they
reflect and shape different aspects of human.
a.Biological and Physical Anthropology b. Linguistic Anthropology
c. Archaeology

21. 8. A field of study in Anthropology that deals with prehistoric societies by studying
their tools and environment.
a. Biological and Physical Anthropology b. Archaeology c. Evolution
9. The academic study of government and the state.
b. Political Science b. Politics c. Political Arts
10. A domain of Political Science that examines how the government functions and
how decisions and politics are made.
b. Public Administration b. Political Economy c. Comparative Politics
True or False: Write O if the statement is TRUE and write X if the statement is
FALSE (6 ITEMS, 6 PTS.)
_____ 1. Tolerance and forbearance are the ultimate purpose why we need to
understand.
_____ 2. Scientific approach and artistic approach are needed in studying politics.
_____ 3. Most cultures, societies and politics around us are distinct and unique,
hence we have to view it from an objective and subjective perspectives.
_____ 4. Social anthropology is the approach we use to study culture, society and
politics.
_____ 5. The study of Politics is also a study of Economics.
_____ 6. Peace, harmony, unity and cooperation is what UCSP is all about.
_____ 7. The end always justifies the means.

22. Additional Activities
Study the picture below, can you identify what is it? Let me
give you a backgrounder:
Caňao is a unique cultural practice of the Igorot people especially
here in Benguet. It is a series of activities that showcases unique practices
seen through the dances, the butchering of sacrificial animals like pigs and
carabao, the manner of preparing the food, the merry-making and many
more. But this is practically fading away because of the coming of
Christianity, liberal ideas and other cultures.
Based on the backgrounder, what
can you say about it?
____________________________________
____________________________________
________________________
_________________________
_________________________
This ends your module, I hope you had fun while
learning and doing the activities. Thank you!