DNA Replication: How Cells Copy Genetic Material

History of DNA ,[object Object],[object Object]

Transformation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

History of DNA ,[object Object],[object Object],Radioactive 32 P was injected into bacteria!

Discovery of DNA Structure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Chargaff’s Rule ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],G C T A

DNA Structure ,[object Object],[object Object]

Understanding DNA copyright cmassengale

Chromosomes are made of DNA and _____ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

According to Chargaff’s Rule Adenine must pair with ____ in DNA. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

According to Chargaff’s Rule Cytosine must pair with ____ in DNA. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

Who built the first accurate model of DNA? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

DNA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

DNA Double Helix Nitrogenous Base (A,T,G or C) “ Rungs of ladder” “ Legs of ladder” Phosphate & Sugar Backbone

Helix ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

DNA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

DNA Nucleotide O O=P-O O Phosphate Group N Nitrogenous base (A, G, C, or T) CH2 O C 1 C 4 C 3 C 2 5 Sugar (deoxyribose)

Pentose Sugar ,[object Object],C H2 O C 1 C 4 C 3 C 2 5 Sugar (deoxyribose)

DNA P P P O O O 1 2 3 4 5 5 3 3 5 P P P O O O 1 2 3 4 5 5 3 5 3 G C T A

Antiparallel Strands ,[object Object],[object Object]

Nitrogenous Bases ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],T or C A or G

Base-Pairings ,[object Object],[object Object],C G 3 H-bonds

Answer: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What sugar is in the side of all DNA molecules? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

Deoxyribose binds to ____ on the sides of DNA molecules. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

What holds nitrogen bases together in DNA? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

A nitrogen base, a phosphate, and a deoxyribose make up a(n) ____ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

What is a double ringed nitrogen base called? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

What are the two pyridimines found in DNA? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

If a molecule of DNA is 40% Adenine, how much guanine does it contain? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

Replication Facts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Synthesis Phase (S phase) ,[object Object],[object Object],Mitosis -prophase -metaphase -anaphase -telophase G 1 G 2 S phase interphase DNA replication takes place in the S phase.

DNA Replication ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Replication Fork Parental DNA Molecule 3’ 5’ 3’ 5’

DNA Replication ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Bubbles Bubbles

DNA Replication ,[object Object],[object Object]

DNA Replication ,[object Object],Enzyme DNA Enzyme

DNA Replication ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

DNA Replication ,[object Object],[object Object],Direction of Replication RNA Primer DNA Polymerase Nucleotide 5’ 5’ 3’

Remember HOW the Carbons Are Numbered! O O=P-O O Phosphate Group N Nitrogenous base (A, G, C, or T) CH2 O C 1 C 4 C 3 C 2 5 Sugar (deoxyribose)

Remember the Strands are Antiparallel P P P O O O 1 2 3 4 5 5 3 3 5 P P P O O O 1 2 3 4 5 5 3 5 3 G C T A

Synthesis of the New DNA Strands ,[object Object],RNA Primer DNA Polymerase Nucleotides 3’ 5’ 5’

Synthesis of the New DNA Strands ,[object Object],[object Object],RNA Primer Leading Strand DNA Polymerase 5’ 5’ 3’ 3’ Lagging Strand 5’ 5’ 3’ 3’

Lagging Strand Segments ,[object Object],[object Object],Lagging Strand RNA Primer DNA Polymerase 3’ 3’ 5’ 5’ Okazaki Fragment

Joining of Okazaki Fragments ,[object Object],Lagging Strand Okazaki Fragment 2 DNA ligase Okazaki Fragment 1 5’ 5’ 3’ 3’

Replication of Strands Replication Fork Point of Origin

Proofreading New DNA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Semiconservative Model of Replication ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Parental DNA DNA Template New DNA

DNA Replication – Take Notes copyright cmassengale

DNA Damage & Repair ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Question: ,[object Object],[object Object]

Answer: ,[object Object],[object Object]

When is DNA copied? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

Where does DNA replication start? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

What enzyme unwinds DNA? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

What must be present before new DNA strands can form? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

What enzyme adds nucleotides to DNA? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

What direction is DNA made in? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

What enzyme joins Okazaki fragments together? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

Each new DNA molecule is made of what? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

What is the complimentary DNA for this sequence: 5’ GCTTAGA 3’ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

DNA Replication: How Cells Copy Genetic Material

DNA Replication: How Cells Copy Genetic Material

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DNA Replication: How Cells Copy Genetic Material

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