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1. Feldspar
Feldspar is the mineral name given to a group of minerals distinguished
by the presence of aluminum (Al) and the silica ion (SiO 4) in their
chemistry. This group includes aluminum silicates of soda (sodium
oxide), potassium (potassium oxide), or lime (calcium oxide). Feldspar is
the single most abundant mineral group on Earth. Together, the varieties
of feldspar account for one half of the Earth’s crust. The minerals
included in this group are orthoclase, microcline, and the plagioclase
feldspars. They form in a variety of thermal environments, during the
crystallization of liquid rock (magma), by metamorphism of rocks deep
in the earth, and in sedimentary processes.Feldspars are relatively hard
at 6 on Mohs' hardness scale. Feldspars are generally light-colored,
including white, pink, tan, green, or gray. The color varies due to
impurities within the crystal structure. Feldspar is the mineral that gives
granite its pink, green or gray color.
When feldspar weathers from igneous or metamorphic rocks, it can
accumulate as sand. It is,
however, easily weathered, and eventually will break down into clay.

2. Name
The name feldspar is a contraction of the longer name fieldspar, some early specimens were
found in fields. The term spar is a generic term used by geologists to refer to any non-
metallic mineral with a glassy (vitreous) luster that breaks on distinct flat surfaces
(planes). The name was officially given its name by Johan Gottschalk Wallerius in 1747.

3. Sources
Feldspar is mined from large granite bodies (called plutons by geologists), from
pegm`atites (formed when the last fluid stages of a crystallizing granite
becomes concentrated in small liquid and vapor-rich pockets that allow the
growth of extremely large crystals), and from sands composed mostly of
.feldspar
Because feldspar is such a large component of the Earth’s crust, it is assumed
that the supply of feldspar is more than adequate to meet demand for a very
long time to come. It is so abundant that geologists and economists have not
even compiled data on potential deposits of feldspar for future consumption.
.Present mines worldwide are adequately meeting the need for raw feldspar
The United States produces about $45 million worth of feldspar annually. North
Carolina generates nearly half of the raw feldspar produced in the United
States. Six other states produce smaller amounts. Other countries producing
feldspar include Brazil, Colombia, France, Germany, India, Mexico, Norway and
Spain.
Uses
Feldspar is used to make dinnerware and bathroom and building tiles. In
ceramics and glass production, feldspar is used as a flux. A flux is a material
.that lowers the melting temperature of another material, in this case, glass
Substitutes and Alternative Sources
Feldspar can be replaced by other minerals and mineral mixtures of similar
physical properties. Minerals that could be used to replace feldspar include
pyrophyllite, clays, talc, and feldspar-silica (quartz) mixtures. The abundance of
will make these substitutions unnecessary for the foreseeable future.

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