Camera settings and functions

1. 1

2. Aperture (AV mode)
Aperture is a hole or opening within the camera
lens in which allows the light to travel through.
Pressing the shutter release button on your
camera means a hole will open up allowing your
cameras image sensor to catch a glimpse of the
scene you are wanting to capture.
The aperture setting you have selected on your
camera will impact the size of the hole in the
lens. The larger the hole is, the more light the
camera will allow in and therefore the smaller
the hole, the less light.

3. High aperture setting:
This image was taken using a
high aperture setting of around
f.2 meaning more light was
taken in by the camera, this is
the reason for the
overexposure of the image.
The second image was taken
using a aperture setting of f.8.
this means the setting is more
suited to the light of the scene
however is still slightly too
high meaning this image is
also slightly overexposed.
The final image was taken
using a higher aperture of
around f.16. meaning the
image is rather dark and
slightly underexposed.
f.2
f.8
f.16

4. Aperture
settings.
These are examples of different aperture settings.
The rose image at the left of the top row has the
lowest setting and the image is in shallow focus. The
image on the right of the second row was taken with
a high aperture setting is in deep focus.

5. Shutter Speed (TV mode)
The shutter speed of
the camera means the
amount of time the
shutter is open and
therefore the amount
of time a camera takes
to capture a
photograph.
A faster shutter speed
will take the
photograph quickly
therefore the image will
be 'still' however if the
shutter speed is slow
you will see the
movement of a subject.
E.G.
The pear in the first photo
looks as though is it still as
it has been taken with a fast
shutter speed however, the
second images is on a
slower shutter speed and
you can see the subject
moving

6. 1/200
The shutter speed in this
image is fast meaning the
camera quickly captures the
image and therefore the
photograph is clear and not
blurred.
1/4
In this image, the shutter
speed was set to 1/4 which
shows some movement of the
vehicle as it passes by. A
slightly longer shutter speed
also allows more light to enter
the camera and makes the
image lighter.
1”6
In the final image, the
movement of the vehicle is
clear. The shutter speed is
much longer which takes the
camera more time to actually
capture the image, more light
enters the camera and
therefore this is the lightest
image.
1/200
1/4
1”6

7. ISO (Film Speed)
The ISO is the cameras sensitivity to light.
The higher the ISO number, the more light a camera will
allow in. Dark situations will often need a higher ISO
however, changing the ISO can often result in the
image looking distorted and grainy/
The lower the number, the less light a camera will take
in and the darker the image will be, the image should
look sharp and the colours should look even.

8. 100
800
ISO
This image was taken
using a very low ISO of
100 meaning less light
was allowed into the
camera making the
photograph dark.
I used an ISO of 800 to
take this picture
meaning the image was
much lighter than the
one above. A higher ISO
means more light is let
into the lens.

9. ISO
This image is an example of the ISO
settings.
The image on the left has the lowest
ISO and is the darkest.

10. White Balance
The white balance setting on the DSLR camera is what
controls and often removes unrealistic colourings to
make the photograph look more natural.
The average settings on cameras are;
AUTO: the camera decides upon the colours will be in
the image.
TUNGSTEN: this setting is usually used for shooting
indoors especially for tungsten lighting e.g. bulb lighting.
This setting will cool down the colours in photographs.
FLUORESCENT: This compensates for the images with
’cooler’ tones of light of fluorescent light and will warm
up the shots.
DAYLIGHT/SUNNY: this setting is not included on all
camera as it is very similar to the normal or auto setting.
CLOUDY: the cloudy setting generally warms up the
colours. It is similar to the daylight setting but the tones
will be more orange.
FLASH: the flash of your camera can often prove to be
rather cool and using the Flash white balance will warm
up the shots.
SHADE: the light in shade is generally cooler (more
blue) than shooting in direct sunlight so this mode will
warm the photographs up a little.

11. 1. 2.
3. 4.
1. TUNGSTEN – used to cool down the colours
within the image.
2. FLUORESCENT – the fluorescent white
balance setting warms the colour tones.
3. SHADE- again, this warms up the tones in
the image. The setting is quite similar to the
auto setting and therefore the colours in the
picture are similar to what they looked like
without a white balance setting selected.
4. CLOUDY – this setting was used to warm up
the tones within the image.

12. Original
image.
Cropped
image.

13. Cropping
an image.
• Cropping an image can be beneficial
as you are able to focus on one point
of a photograph however, the image
quality will be lost as less pixels will
be used.

14. Original image.
Burn. Dodge.

15. Dodging and burning
an image.
• DODGING
• Using the dodge tool in Photoshop will allow
people to lighten certain parts of an image.
You can use the dodge tool to lighten up the
background of an image if the item in the
foreground is the point of interest.
• BURNING
• Burning does the opposite of dodging by
making certain areas of the image.
• By using the dodge and burn techniques you
can make something ordinary look much
better and more realistic. I found this example
online of how somebody make a simple grey
circle look 3 dimensional just by using the
dodge and burn Photoshop tools.
https://fstoppers.com/post-production/ultimate-guide-dodge-burn-technique-
part-1-fundamentals-9261

16. Colour adjustments.
Changing the colour levels

17. Adjustments – Levels
You use the Levels adjustment to
change or correct the tonal range and
colour balance. You are able to do this
by adjusting intensity levels of image
shadows, mid-tones, and highlights.

18. 18

19. Flatbed Scanner
A scanner is used to scan images, pictures, printed documents
and objects to convert them to a digital image meaning they
can be viewed on devices such as mobiles, tablet and PC.
ADVANTAGES
• The devices are capable of
scanning documents up to 8.5
inches by 11.7 inches, if they
are placed on the document
on the device's glass platform.
• Scanners do not let the
document pass through the
machines as they lay flat on
top of the scanner and
therefore this reduces the risk
of the documents being
damaged or getting caught by
the rollers inside of handheld
or drum scanners.
• Flat bed scanners are ideal
for scanning delicate and
vintage photographs,
documents and books so they
wont get damaged.
• You are able to scan text
easily.
• With most scanners, you have
the option to chose whether
you want the document black
or white.
DISADVANTAGES.
• Duplicates are not as
good quality as the
original.
• Often are large in size
and therefore prove to
be space consuming.
• Can be costly.

20. Webcam
A webcam is a small camera used for videotelephony.
They can be used for a number of things such as video
making, surveillance and broadcasting. You are also
able to use them for photography and for time lapses
using a computer to display the imagery.
ADVANTAGES:
• Webcams are low cost
• They are extremely
convenient as most
modern devices come
with a built in webcam
and if not, they are
cheap to buy.
• Makes it easier to
communicate with
people.
DISADVANTAGES:
• Many people believe
privacy is an issue
with webcams due to
the lack of trust within
them not being turned
on and webcams
being built in to the
device makes it easier
to be hacked into.
• The picture quality is
often rather low.

21. Mobile Phone
Mobile phones with a built in camera have the ability to
capture photographs and video. They all have fixed focal
length lenses and smaller sensors than DSLR cameras
meaning the image quality will not be as high.
ADVANTAGES:
• Having a camera on a mobile phone means taking a
photograph can be extremely convenient as generally,
people normally carry their mobile with them most of the
time therefore they have a camera with them.
• With modern apps on phones, you are able to edit images
quickly and conveniently.
DISADVANTAGES
• Phones with a good camera are often expensive.
• Images quality is not as high as DSLR images.
• Privacy can be an issue as hackers can often access
things such as iCloud.