1.  Matter: anything that has mass and
takes up space
 Mass – the amount of matter in something.
 Volume – the amount of space something
occupies.
Weight = amount of matter + Effect of Gravity
Reviewing MATTER

2. Matter, Mass, and Weight
 Do you think you would weigh the
same if you stood on the surface of
the planet, Mercury?
 Mercury is the smallest planet, and
the planet closest to the sun. The
gravity of Mercury is 38% of Earth's
gravity. To calculate your weight on
Mercury, multiply your weight by 0.38.

3. Matter Classification
Matter Flowchart
Pure Substances
Mixtures

4. A. Matter Flowchart
MATTER
Can it be physically
separated?
Homogeneous
Mixture
(solution)
Heterogeneous
Mixture Compound Element
MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE
yes no
Can it be chemically
decomposed?
noyesIs the composition
uniform?
noyes
Colloids Suspensions

5. A. Matter Flowchart
 Examples:
 graphite
 Trail Mix
 sugar (sucrose-
C12H22O11)
 paint
 soda
element
hetero. mixture
compound
hetero. mixture
solution

6. B. Pure Substances
 Element
 composed of identical atoms
 EX: copper wire, aluminum foil

7. B. Pure Substances
 Compound
 composed of 2 or more
elements in a fixed ratio
 properties differ from those
of individual elements
 EX: table salt (NaCl)

8. B. Pure Substances
 For example…
Two different compounds,
each has a definite composition.
Law of definite proportions: Regardless of the amount, a
compound is always composed of the same elements in the
proportions by mass.

9. C. Mixtures
 Variable combination of 2 or more pure
substances.
Heterogeneous Homogeneous

10. C. Mixtures (Homogeneous)
 Solution (homogeneous)
 Dissolving
 homogeneous
 very small particles
 No Tyndall effect
Tyndall Effect
 particles don’t settle
 EX: rubbing alcohol

11. Tyndall Effect
Disperses / ScattersLight

12. C. Mixtures (heterogenous)
 Colloid
 heterogeneous
 medium-sized particles
 Tyndall effect
 particles don’t settle
 EX: milk

13. C. Mixtures
 Suspension
 heterogeneous
 large particles
 particles settle
 EX: sand and water

14. C. Mixtures
 Examples:
 Whipped Cream
 muddy water
 fog
 saltwater
 Italian salad
dressing
colloid
suspension
colloid
solution
suspension

15. What is a property?
 Property: a
characteristic of
a substance that
can be observed

17. Physical Property
Examples:
• luster
• malleability: the ability
to be hammered into a
thin sheet
• ductility: the ability to
be stretched into a wire
• melting point
• boiling point
• density
• solubility
• specific heat
•Mass
•Volume
•Length
•color

18. Special Physical Properties
 Melting point: the temperature
at which a substance changes
from a solid to a liquid at a given
pressure.
water = 0o
C
 Boiling point: the temperature
at which a substance changes
from a liquid to a gas at a given
pressure.
water = 100o
C

19. Chemical Properties
 Chemical property: a property
that can only be observed by
changing the identity of the
substance.
Examples:
•flammability
•ability to rust
•reactivity with vinegar
•The ability to NOT react

20. Physical Vs. Chemical
Properties
1) The melting point of water is 00
C.
2) Ethanol burns in the presence of oxygen.
3) Potassium explodes when placed in water.
4) Oil has a very high viscosity.
5) Gold does not react when placed in water.
6) Nonmetals are very brittle.
7) The density of aluminum is 2.70 g/mL
8) Iron rusts in our atmosphere.

21. Physical and Chemical Changes
Change: the act of altering
a substance

22. Physical Change
 Physical change: a change that
occurs that does not change the
identity of the substance
 Form
 Size
 State or phase
 Dissolving

23. Physical Change
 Examples:
 Melting ice (change in state or phase)
 Freezing Kool-aid (change in state or phase)
 Tearing paper (change in form or size)
 Boiling water (change in state or phase)

24. Chemical Changes
 Chemical change: a change that
occurs causing the identity of the
substance to change
 Burning
 Digesting food
 Reacting with other substances
 A chemical change is called a
chemical reaction.

25. Chemical Changes Cont’d
 Indicators of a chemical change:
Development of light
Development of heat
Development of a gas
Color change
Formation of a precipitate

26. Is it Physical or Chemical?
Change Physical Chemical
Melting cheese
Burning wood
Milk souring
Wadding up paper
Bicycle rusting