2. Function
Completed actions in the past
but not important when we did it
1. We use the present perfect tense to talk
about experiences
3. Examples
I have been to France twice.
Ruby has never broken a leg.
Have you ever eaten sushi?
We often use never and ever with the
present perfect tense to talk about
experience.
4. I have been to France twice.
Ruby has never broken a leg.
Have you ever eaten sushi?
5.
6. 2. To talk about a past action that affect
the present
Function
”I have lost my wallet.” (I don't have it now.)
“Eric has gone to Mexico.” (He isn't here now.)
We often use just, already and yet.
”Have you done your homework yet?”
7. ‘already’
Use already to show that an action was
completed earlier.
“Have you eaten already?”
“We’ve already had our breakfast.”
“already” usually goes after “has”
or “have” and before the main verb.
8. ‘yet’
Use yet when an action has not been
completed
“I haven’t done my homework yet.”
“She hasn’t eaten yet.”
‘yet’ usually goes at the end of the
sentence.
9.
10. Function
3. To talk about an action which started
in the past and continues up to now
We often use since and for to say
how long the action has lasted.
a point of time in the past (“for”)
a period of time in the past (“since”)
11. I have been a teacher for more than ten years.
We haven’t seen Louis since Friday.
How long have you been studying at Apollo?
Form
12. We use 'since' with a fixed point of time in
the past
“I've known Sam since 1992.”
“I've liked chocolate since I was a child.”
“She's been here since 2pm.”
The fixed time can be another action,
indicated with the past simple
13. ‘for’
We use 'for' with a period of time
(minutes, hours, weeks, months, years)
“She’s known Sam for 10 years.”
“We’ve been here for 3 hours.”
“I’ve had this cold for a week now.”
14. ‘been’
We use ‘been’ to mean that the subject has
visited the place and has come back
“I've been to school today.”
(but now I’m back at home)
Notice the preposition ‘to’
“My dad’s been to Japan, but he’s here now.”
15. ‘gone’
We use ‘gone’ to mean that the person is at
the place now
“Jerry has gone to India.”
(now he’s in India)
“Where’s Kevin?”
“He’s gone to the butcher’s”
(He’s at the butcher’s now)
